The Impact of a Regulatory Intervention on Resident-Centered Nursing Home Care: Rhode Island's Individualized Care Pilot

Evaluates a pilot project to promote resident-centered care through activities integrated with recertification inspections, including visits from a nonregulatory entity, and its impact on understanding, consideration, and implementation of practices

Mobile object location discovery in unpredictable environments

Emerging mobile and ubiquitous computing environments present hard challenges to software engineering. The use of mobile code has been suggested as a natural fit for simplifing software development for these environments. However, the task of discovering mobile code location becomes a problem in unpredictable environments when using existing strategies, designed with fixed and relatively stable networks in mind. This paper introduces AMOS, a mobile code platform augmented with a structured overlay network. We demonstrate how the location discovery strategy of AMOS has better reliability and scalability properties than existing approaches, with minimal communication overhead. Finally, we demonstrate how AMOS can provide autonomous distribution of effort fairly throughout a network using probabilistic methods that requires no global knowledge of host capabilities

Six-degree-of-freedom program to optimize simulated trajectories (6D POST). Volume 1: Formulation manual

The basic equations and models used in a computer program (6D POST) to optimize simulated trajectories with six degrees of freedom were documented. The 6D POST program was conceived as a direct extension of the program POST, which dealt with point masses, and considers the general motion of a rigid body with six degrees of freedom. It may be used to solve a wide variety of atmospheric flight mechanics and orbital transfer problems for powered or unpowered vehicles operating near a rotating oblate planet. Its principal features are: an easy to use NAMELIST type input procedure, an integrated set of Flight Control System (FCS) modules, and a general-purpose discrete parameter targeting and optimization capability. It was written in FORTRAN 4 for the CDC 6000 series computers

Studies in pneumonia of animals

Four groups of sheep were selected and examined post mortem for evidence of pneumonia. The conditions observed were atypical pneumonia, acute necrotising pneumonia (so- called "enzootic pneumonia "), pulmonary adenomatosis, pulmonary abscesses, pulmonary aspergillosis, aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia of haematogenous origin and pneumonia characterised by exudative and proliferative lesions. The latter has been described previously in sheep introduced into pens at the Moredun Institute (Stamp and Nisbet, 1963; Gilmour and Brotherston, 1963) but the histopathological lesions described were of a non -specific nature. Two outbreaks of respiratory disease in recently introduced sheep were investigated. In the first outbreak, acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and in alveolar lining cells were observed, providing affected sheep were killed early in the course of the disease. Other lesions such as syncytium formation, pseudo -epithelialisation of alveoli and hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium were also present. Similar acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and proliferative lesions were seen in young lambs inoculated via the respiratory tract with an ovine strain of parainfluenza 3 (P13) virus. The inclusions, which were shown to represent aggregates of virus using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, are of transient duration. The fact that these inclusions persist for only eight days after inoculation indicates the necessity of obtaining material within that time if P13 virus is to be implicated on histopathological grounds in natural outbreaks of respiratory disease. Qualitatively similar lesions were observed in lambs inoculated with a bovine strain of P13 virus and in calves inoculated with an ovine strain of P13 virus. If slaughter of affected sheep, in natural outbreaks of respiratory disease, was delayed, acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusions were absent and the histological lesions resembled those described for atypical pneumonia (Stamp and Nisbet, 1963). Inoculation of lambs with Bedsonia organisms resulted in a marked clinical response and macroscopic lesions of pneumonia. Bedsonia elementary bodies were numerous in cryostat sections of lung from lambs killed three and five days after inoculation but were difficult to detect in the lungs of lambs killed on days nine and twelve. The histological lesions in the lungs of lambs killed three and five days after inoculation were characterised by foci of necrosis and a sero- cellular exudate in alveoli and bronchioles, whereas, in lambs killed nine and twelve days after inoculation the principal lung lesions were hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium, pseudo -epithelialisation and epithelialisation of alveoli and infiltration of the interalveolar septa by macrophages and lymphocytes. In the later stages of infection in lambs inoculated with either P13 virus or Bedsonia organisms, histological lesions which resembled those of atypical pneumonia were observed. It is considered therefore, that atypical pneumonia of sheep (Stamp and Nisbet, 1963) is not a specific entity. In the second outbreak of respiratory disease in sheep at the Moredun Institute a pneumonia morphologically distinct from those hitherto described was studied. The salient histological features were hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium, marked alveolar epithelialisation, macrophage infiltration of alveoli and hyperplasia of the reticulin network around affected bronchioles and alveoli. The possible relationship of this condition to other epithelialising pneumonias is discussed. In a histological study of respiratory disease in intensively- reared calves, two types of pneumonia were encountered. One was characterised by bronchitis, bronchiolitis, a cellular exudate in alveoli, syncytium formation, alveolar epithelialisation and acidophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. It was concluded that the lesions were due to concomitant P13 virus and bacterial infections. The histological lesions of the second type consisted of peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphocytic hyperplasia, atelectasis and mild interstitial pneumonia. A. comparison of the amount of intrapulmonary lymphoid tissue in apparently normal calves and in calves which had experienced a respiratory infection showed that in either group, the degree of peribronchial or peribronchiolar lymphocytic hyperplasia varied

Capabilities and applications of the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST). Program summary document

The capabilities and applications of the three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) version and the six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) version of the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories (POST) are summarized. The document supplements the detailed program manuals by providing additional information that motivates and clarifies basic capabilities, input procedures, applications and computer requirements of these programs. The information will enable prospective users to evaluate the programs, and to determine if they are applicable to their problems. Enough information is given to enable managerial personnel to evaluate the capabilities of the programs and describes the POST structure, formulation, input and output procedures, sample cases, and computer requirements. The report also provides answers to basic questions concerning planet and vehicle modeling, simulation accuracy, optimization capabilities, and general input rules. Several sample cases are presented

Influence of convective transport on tropospheric ozone and its precursors in a chemistry-climate model

The impact of convection on tropospheric O₃ and its precursors has been examined in a coupled chemistry-climate model. There are two ways that convection affects O₃. First, convection affects O₃ by vertical mixing of O₃ itself. Convection lifts lower tropospheric air to regions where the O₃ lifetime is longer, whilst mass-balance subsidence mixes O₃-rich upper tropospheric (UT) air downwards to regions where the O₃ lifetime is shorter. This tends to decrease UT O₃ and the overall tropospheric column of O₃. Secondly, convection affects O₃ by vertical mixing of O₃ precursors. This affects O₃ chemical production and destruction. Convection transports isoprene and its degradation products to the UT where they interact with lightning NO_x to produce PAN, at the expense of NO_x. In our model, we find that convection reduces UT NO_x through this mechanism; convective down-mixing also flattens our imposed profile of lightning emissions, further reducing UT NO_x. Over tropical land, which has large lightning NO_x emissions in the UT, we find convective lofting of NO_x from surface sources appears relatively unimportant. Despite UT NO_x decreases, UT O₃ production increases as a result of UT HO_x increases driven by isoprene oxidation chemistry. However, UT O₃ tends to decrease, as the effect of convective overturning of O₃ itself dominates over changes in O₃ chemistry. Convective transport also reduces UT O₃ in the mid-latitudes resulting in a 13% decrease in the global tropospheric O₃ burden. These results contrast with an earlier study that uses a model of similar chemical complexity. Differences in convection schemes as well as chemistry schemes – in particular isoprene-driven changes are the most likely causes of such discrepancies. Further modelling studies are needed to constrain this uncertainty range

Fabrication of free-standing ordered fluorescent polymer nanofibres by electrospinning

The authors are grateful to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for financial support.We demonstrate a static fabrication approach to make free-standing ordered arrays of fluorescent nanofibres through control of the transverse electrospinning field. The alignment and the density of the nanofibre arrays are optimised by careful design of both the source and collector electrode geometries which can control the transverse electric field over the full path of the jet. In doing so, we fabricate suspended fluorescent nanofibres with an aspect ratio of 10(4), and with a substantially increased density and order parameter (by a factor of similar to 10 compared to random deposition). Electrostatic modelling suggests that the field distribution of the component is the main contribution to the ordering between the plates. This method offers increased efficiency for the creation of ordered fibres collected over a small area and the characterisation of their photoluminescent properties.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe