Reducing the use of complex words and reducing sentence length to < 15 words improves readability of patient education materials regarding sports medicine knee injuries

"Sports-related knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or meniscus tears are very common. Approximately 50% of internet users have reported using the internet to learn more information about a specific medical treatment or procedure. The internet’s usefulness is dependent not only on the content available to patients, but also the health literacy of the patient consuming the information. Poor health literacy is associated with poor outcomes. The NIH and AMA recommend that online patient resources be written at or below the sixth-grade reading level. Online PEMs in Orthopaedics have consistently been shown to be written above the NIH-recommended sixth-grade reading level to the detriment of patient health literacy. “A 2018 analysis of the readability of 39 AAOS Sports Med PEMs found that all PEMs were written above the 6th-grade reading level with 36% written above a 12th-grade reading level.” (PMID: 30480008) While many studies have suggested strategies to improve the readability of PEMs, literature describing the benefit of these proposed changes is scarce. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized method to improve readability of Orthopaedic PEMs without diluting their critical content by reducing the use of complex words (> 3 syllables) and shortening sentence length to [less than] 15 words."--Introduction

UVUDF: Ultraviolet Imaging of the Hubble Ultradeep Field with Wide-field Camera 3

We present an overview of a 90-orbit Hubble Space Telescope treasury program to obtain near ultraviolet imaging of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field using the Wide Field Camera 3 UVIS detector with the F225W, F275W, and F336W filters. This survey is designed to: (i) Investigate the episode of peak star formation activity in galaxies at 1<z<2.5; (ii) Probe the evolution of massive galaxies by resolving sub-galactic units (clumps); (iii) Examine the escape fraction of ionizing radiation from galaxies at z~2-3; (iv) Greatly improve the reliability of photometric redshift estimates; and (v) Measure the star formation rate efficiency of neutral atomic-dominated hydrogen gas at z~1-3. In this overview paper, we describe the survey details and data reduction challenges, including both the necessity of specialized calibrations and the effects of charge transfer inefficiency. We provide a stark demonstration of the effects of charge transfer inefficiency on resultant data products, which when uncorrected, result in uncertain photometry, elongation of morphology in the readout direction, and loss of faint sources far from the readout. We agree with the STScI recommendation that future UVIS observations that require very sensitive measurements use the instrument's capability to add background light through a "post-flash". Preliminary results on number counts of UV-selected galaxies and morphology of galaxies at z~1 are presented. We find that the number density of UV dropouts at redshifts 1.7, 2.1, and 2.7 is largely consistent with the number predicted by published luminosity functions. We also confirm that the image mosaics have sufficient sensitivity and resolution to support the analysis of the evolution of star-forming clumps, reaching 28-29th magnitude depth at 5 sigma in a 0.2 arcsecond radius aperture depending on filter and observing epoch.Comment: Accepted A

Consensus Report From the Miami Liver Proton Therapy Conference

An international group of 22 liver cancer experts from 18 institutions met in Miami, Florida to discuss the optimal utilization of proton beam therapy (PBT) for primary and metastatic liver cancer. There was consensus that PBT may be preferred for liver cancer patients expected to have a suboptimal therapeutic ratio from XRT, but that PBT should not be preferred for all patients. Various clinical scenarios demonstrating appropriateness of PBT vs. XRT were reviewed