911 research outputs found
Ariel - Volume 5 Number 5
Editors
Mark Dembert
J. D. Kanofsky
Entertainment
Robert Breckenridge
Joe Conti
Gary Kaskey
Photographer
Scot Kastner
Overseas Editor
Mike Sinason
Circulation
Jay Amsterdam
Humorist
Jim McCann
Staff
Ken Jaffe
Bob Sklaroff
Janet Welsh
Dave Jacoby
Phil Nimoityn
Frank Chervane
Distribution, abundance and diversity of Gambierdiscus spp. from a ciguatera endemic area in Marakei, Republic of Kiribati
Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2014. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Harmful Algae 34 (2014): 56–68, doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.02.007.Ciguatera is a serious seafood poisoning syndrome caused by the consumption of
ciguatoxin-contaminated finfish from tropical and subtropical regions. This study
examined the community structure of ciguatera-associated dinoflagellates and the
distribution pattern, taxonomy and toxicity of Gambierdiscus spp. from a high-risk area
of Marakei, Republic of Kiribati. The genera Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis,
Amphidinium and Coolia were present, and generally the former three dominated the
dinoflagellate assemblage. Among these three, Gambierdiscus was the most abundant
dinoflagellate genus observed at three of the four sites sampled, two of which (Sites 1 and
2) were on the northern half of the island and two (Sites 3 and 4) on the southern half.
The following patterns of abundance were observed among sites: (1) Average
Gambierdiscus spp. abundance at the northern sites exceeded the southern sites by a
factor of 19-54; and (2) Gambierdiscus spp. abundance at shallow sites (2-3 m) exceeded
deeper sites (10-15 m). The distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. at Marakei corresponded
with previously observed patterns of fish toxicity, with fish from southern locations being
much less toxic than fish sampled north of the central channel. DNA sequencing
identified three Gambierdiscus species (G. carpenteri, G. belizeanus, G. pacificus) and
three previously unreported ribotypes (Gambierdiscus sp. type 4, Gambierdiscus sp. type
5, Gambierdiscus sp. type 6) in the samples; Gambierdiscus sp. type 4 may represent a
Pacific clade of Gambierdiscus sp. ribotype 1. Toxicity analyses determined that
Gambierdiscus sp. type 4 isolates were more toxic than the Gambierdiscus sp. type 5 and
G. pacificus isolates, with toxin contents of 2.6-6.0 (mean: 4.3± 1.4), 0.010 and 0.011 fg
P-CTX-1 eq cell-1, respectively. Despite low densities of
Gambierdiscus spp. observed at
Marakei relative to other studies in other parts of the world, the presence of low and
moderately toxic populations may be sufficient to render the western coast of Marakei a
high-risk area for ciguatera. The long history of toxicity along the western side of
Marakei suggests that large-scale oceanographic forcings that regulate the distribution of
Gambierdiscus spp. along the western side of Marakei may have remained relatively
stable over that time. Chronic as well as acute exposure to ciguatoxins may therefore
pose an important human health impact to the residents of Marakei.Funding for this work was provided by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 EH000421), USFDA
(F223201000060C), NOAA NOS (Cooperative Agreement NA11NOS4780060,
NA11NOS4780028), National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973
Program, 2013CB956503), the Nonprofit Research Project for the State Oceanic
Administration (China, 201005006-01), and the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (41276110)
Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VIII. A Fully Automated Catalog With Measured Completeness and Reliability Based on Data Release 25
We present the Kepler Object of Interest (KOI) catalog of transiting
exoplanets based on searching four years of Kepler time series photometry (Data
Release 25, Q1-Q17). The catalog contains 8054 KOIs of which 4034 are planet
candidates with periods between 0.25 and 632 days. Of these candidates, 219 are
new and include two in multi-planet systems (KOI-82.06 and KOI-2926.05), and
ten high-reliability, terrestrial-size, habitable zone candidates. This catalog
was created using a tool called the Robovetter which automatically vets the
DR25 Threshold Crossing Events (TCEs, Twicken et al. 2016). The Robovetter also
vetted simulated data sets and measured how well it was able to separate TCEs
caused by noise from those caused by low signal-to-noise transits. We discusses
the Robovetter and the metrics it uses to sort TCEs. For orbital periods less
than 100 days the Robovetter completeness (the fraction of simulated transits
that are determined to be planet candidates) across all observed stars is
greater than 85%. For the same period range, the catalog reliability (the
fraction of candidates that are not due to instrumental or stellar noise) is
greater than 98%. However, for low signal-to-noise candidates between 200 and
500 days around FGK dwarf stars, the Robovetter is 76.7% complete and the
catalog is 50.5% reliable. The KOI catalog, the transit fits and all of the
simulated data used to characterize this catalog are available at the NASA
Exoplanet Archive.Comment: 61 pages, 23 Figures, 9 Tables, Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal
Supplement Serie
Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler IV: Planet Sample From Q1-Q8 (22 Months)
We provide updates to the Kepler planet candidate sample based upon nearly
two years of high-precision photometry (i.e., Q1-Q8). From an initial list of
nearly 13,400 Threshold Crossing Events (TCEs), 480 new host stars are
identified from their flux time series as consistent with hosting transiting
planets. Potential transit signals are subjected to further analysis using the
pixel-level data, which allows background eclipsing binaries to be identified
through small image position shifts during transit. We also re-evaluate Kepler
Objects of Interest (KOI) 1-1609, which were identified early in the mission,
using substantially more data to test for background false positives and to
find additional multiple systems. Combining the new and previous KOI samples,
we provide updated parameters for 2,738 Kepler planet candidates distributed
across 2,017 host stars. From the combined Kepler planet candidates, 472 are
new from the Q1-Q8 data examined in this study. The new Kepler planet
candidates represent ~40% of the sample with Rp~1 Rearth and represent ~40% of
the low equilibrium temperature (Teq<300 K) sample. We review the known biases
in the current sample of Kepler planet candidates relevant to evaluating planet
population statistics with the current Kepler planet candidate sample.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, Accepted ApJ Supplemen
The Vehicle, Fall 1970
Vol. 13, No. 1
Table of Contents
A Thought Written in a Locked RoomJudy Huntpage 1
The Eggshell MoonWilliam Probeckpage 2
PoemBarb Parkerpage 3
4/5, May, 1970J. Michael Sainpage 5
A TreeRichard Stickannpage 6
both or noneMichelle Hallpage 6
The TrainSteve Sestinapage 8
Attempted DiscoveryDonald R. Johnsonpage 16
Island of SmokeVerna L. Jonespage 18
AwakeRobert Bladepage 19
PoemMary Klinkerpage 19
In ChurchMuriel Poolpage 21
PoemBarb Parkerpage 21
PoemMichelle Hallpage 22
Pod\u27nerVerna L. Jonespage 23
Rain and Other ThingsCarol Staniecpage 24
PoemAnn Graffpage 24
Examination of StudentdomMelvin Zaloudekpage 26
Women\u27s LiberationTonya Mortonpage 27
Morning Reflections on the Evening NewsPrudence Herberpage 29
Art and Photography Credits
Jim Diaspage 4
Mike Dorseypages 7, 20
David Griffithpages 8, 17, 25
Cover PhotographyMark McKinneyhttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1024/thumbnail.jp
Evaluation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia by oligonucleotide-based microarray analysis uncovers novel aberrations not detected by FISH or cytogenetic analysis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cytogenetic evaluation is a key component of the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We performed oligonucleotide-based comparative genomic hybridization microarray analysis on 34 samples with CLL and known abnormal karyotypes previously determined by cytogenetics and/or fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization (FISH).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using a custom designed microarray that targets >1800 genes involved in hematologic disease and other malignancies, we identified additional cryptic aberrations and novel findings in 59% of cases. These included gains and losses of genes associated with cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and susceptibility loci on 3p21.31, 5q35.2q35.3, 10q23.31q23.33, 11q22.3, and 22q11.23.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results show that microarray analysis will detect known aberrations, including microscopic and cryptic alterations. In addition, novel genomic changes will be uncovered that may become important prognostic predictors or treatment targets for CLL in the future.</p
Masses, radii, and orbits of small Kepler planets : The transition from gaseous to rocky planets
We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Kepler stars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detected through transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the host stars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along with high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11 stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities (FPPs) for all of the transiting planets (41 of 42 have an FPP under 1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planets are smaller than three times the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal was securely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For the other 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limits to their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rocky composition. We identify six planets with densities above 5 g cm-3, suggesting a mostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatible with a purely rocky composition are smaller than 2 R ⊕. Larger planets evidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O).Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio
Kepler-21b: A 1.6REarth Planet Transiting the Bright Oscillating F Subgiant Star HD 179070
We present Kepler observations of the bright (V=8.3), oscillating star HD
179070. The observations show transit-like events which reveal that the star is
orbited every 2.8 days by a small, 1.6 R_Earth object. Seismic studies of HD
179070 using short cadence Kepler observations show that HD 179070 has a
frequencypower spectrum consistent with solar-like oscillations that are
acoustic p-modes. Asteroseismic analysis provides robust values for the mass
and radius of HD 179070, 1.34{\pm}0.06 M{\circ} and 1.86{\pm}0.04 R{\circ}
respectively, as well as yielding an age of 2.84{\pm}0.34 Gyr for this F5
subgiant. Together with ground-based follow-up observations, analysis of the
Kepler light curves and image data, and blend scenario models, we
conservatively show at the >99.7% confidence level (3{\sigma}) that the transit
event is caused by a 1.64{\pm}0.04 R_Earth exoplanet in a 2.785755{\pm}0.000032
day orbit. The exoplanet is only 0.04 AU away from the star and our
spectroscopic observations provide an upper limit to its mass of ~10 M_Earth
(2-{\sigma}). HD 179070 is the brightest exoplanet host star yet discovered by
Kepler.Comment: Accepted to Ap
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