Extreme ultraviolet and X-ray spectroheliograph for OSO-H

A complex scientific instrument was designed, fabricated, tested, and calibrated for launch onboard OSO-H. This instrument consisted of four spectroheliographs and an X-ray polarimeter. The instrument is designed to study solar radiation at selected wavelengths in the X-ray and the extreme ultraviolet ranges, make observations at the H-alpha wavelength, and measure the degree of polarization of X-ray emissions

Scaling and Suppression of Anomalous Heating in Ion Traps

We measure and characterize anomalous motional heating of an atomic ion confined in the lowest quantum levels of a novel rf ion trap that features moveable electrodes. The scaling of heating with electrode proximity is measured, and when the electrodes are cooled from 300 to 150 K, the heating rate is suppressed by an order of magnitude. This provides direct evidence that anomalous motional heating of trapped ions stems from microscopic noisy potentials on the electrodes that are thermally driven. These observations are relevant to decoherence in quantum information processing schemes based on trapped ions and perhaps other charge-based quantum systems

Searching for Atlanticus: Isolating Bacteriophages Infecting Marinobacter

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. They have a considerable effect on ecosystems (Focardi et al., 2020). Scientists believe phages are present virtually everywhere, although marine bacteriophages have remained largely undiscovered and understudied. Using ocean water samples from various parts of the United States (Figure 1), protocols adapted from the SEA-PHAGES program (site Discovery Guide), and a flocculation protocol (John, et al 2011) we are attempting to isolate bacteriophages that infect two species of marine bacteria, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus and Marinobacter atlanticus

Особенности учета расходов и доходов, и их влияние на финансовый результат деятельности субъекта хозяйствования

Основная цель статьи - раскрыть специфику отражения на счетах бухгалтерского учета расходов, доходов и определить их влияние на формирование финансового результата от операционной, финансовой или инвестиционной деятельности.Основна мета статті - розкрити специфіку віддзеркалення на рахунках бухгалтерського обліку витрат, доходів і визначити їх вплив на формування фінансового результату від операційної, фінансової або інвестиційної діяльності

Periodicity and Chaos Amidst Twisting and Folding in Two-Dimensional Maps

We study the dynamics of three planar, noninvertible maps which rotate and fold the plane. Two maps are inspired by real-world applications whereas the third map is constructed to serve as a toy model for the other two maps. The dynamics of the three maps are remarkably similar. A stable fixed point bifurcates through a Hopf-Neimark-Sacker which leads to a countably infinite set of resonance tongues in the parameter plane of the map. Within a resonance tongue a periodic point can bifurcate through a period-doubling cascade. At the end of the cascade we detect Henon-like attractors which are conjectured to be the closure of the unstable manifold of a saddle periodic point. These attractors have a folded structure which can be explained by means of the concept of critical lines. We also detect snap-back repellers which can either coexist with Henon-like attractors or which can be formed when the saddle-point of a Henon-like attractor becomes a source

Sex hormone-binding globulin regulation of androgen bioactivity in vivo : validation of the free hormone hypothesis

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the high-affinity binding protein for androgens and estrogens. According to the free hormone hypothesis, SHBG modulates the bioactivity of sex steroids by limiting their diffusion into target tissues. Still, the in vivo physiological role of circulating SHBG remains unclear, especially since mice and rats lack circulating SHBG post-natally. To test the free hormone hypothesis in vivo, we examined total and free sex steroid concentrations and bioactivity on target organs in mice expressing a human SHBG transgene. SHBG increased total androgen and estrogen concentrations via hypothalamic-pituitary feedback regulation and prolonged ligand half-life. Despite markedly raised total sex steroid concentrations, free testosterone was unaffected while sex steroid bioactivity on male and female reproductive organs was attenuated. This occurred via a liganddependent, genotype-independent mechanism according to in vitro seminal vesicle organ cultures. These results provide compelling support for the determination of free or bioavailable sex steroid concentrations in medicine, and clarify important comparative differences between translational mouse models and human endocrinology

Will HIV Vaccination Reshape HIV Risk Behavior Networks? A Social Network Analysis of Drug Users\u27 Anticipated Risk Compensation

Background An HIV vaccine could substantially impact the epidemic. However, risk compensation (RC), or post-vaccination increase in risk behavior, could present a major challenge. The methodology used in previous studies of risk compensation has been almost exclusively individual-level in focus, and has not explored how increased risk behavior could affect the connectivity of risk networks. This study examined the impact of anticipated HIV vaccine-related RC on the structure of high-risk drug users\u27 sexual and injection risk network. Methods A sample of 433 rural drug users in the US provided data on their risk relationships (i.e., those involving recent unprotected sex and/or injection equipment sharing). Dyad-specific data were collected on likelihood of increasing/initiating risk behavior if they, their partner, or they and their partner received an HIV vaccine. Using these data and social network analysis, a post-vaccination network was constructed and compared to the current network on measures relevant to HIV transmission, including network size, cohesiveness (e.g., diameter, component structure, density), and centrality. Results Participants reported 488 risk relationships. Few reported an intention to decrease condom use or increase equipment sharing (4% and 1%, respectively). RC intent was reported in 30 existing risk relationships and vaccination was anticipated to elicit the formation of five new relationships. RC resulted in a 5% increase in risk network size (n = 142 to n = 149) and a significant increase in network density. The initiation of risk relationships resulted in the connection of otherwise disconnected network components, with the largest doubling in size from five to ten. Conclusions This study demonstrates a new methodological approach to studying RC and reveals that behavior change following HIV vaccination could potentially impact risk network connectivity. These data will be valuable in parameterizing future network models that can determine if network-level change precipitated by RC would appreciably impact the vaccine\u27s population-level effectiveness

Effects of flutter and PEP mask physiotherapy on symptoms and lung function in children with cystic fibrosis

Recently, the flutter was introduced as a new device to improve sputum expectoration. Preliminary data suggested a significant improvement in expectoration and lung function during flutter treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the flutter and the positive expiratory pressure (PEP) mask on symptoms and lung function in children with CF. In a crossover randomized study 22 patients with CF (mean age 12 yrs, range 7-17 yrs) performed physiotherapy using either the flutter or the PEP mask twice a day during two treatment periods of 2 weeks, separated by a one week wash-out period, in a random sequence. Lung function parameters (peak expiratory flow, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second, maximal midexpiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow at 25% of FVC, thoracic gas volume, total lung capacity, residual volume/total lung capacity, airway resistance and specific airway conductance) and changes in transcutaneous oxygen haemoglobin saturation were assessed before and after the first supervised session and at the end of each treatment period. Throughout the study peak flow was measured and symptoms were scored daily. No significant changes in any lung function parameter occurred after a single session or after 2 weeks of physiotherapy with either method. There was no difference in acceptability and subjective efficacy. In conclusion, any superiority of the flutter over the positive expiratory pressure mask technique for expectoration could not be confirmed during 2 weeks of daily treatment in children with cystic fibrosis. Both methods are well accepted by children and do not change lung function. Long-term comparison of both methods, including expectoration measurements, seems to be required for further evaluation of the potential success of physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis