THE INCIDENCE OF ROOT DENTINAL MICRO-CRACKS CAUSED BY RECIPROCATING AND CONTINUOUS ROTARY INSTRUMENTATION

The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of root canal dentinal micro-cracks after canal instrumentation using reciprocating files (WaveOne Gold® and Twisted Adaptive®) and continuous rotation files (Edge Evolve® and EndoSequence®) in an ex-vivo benchtop study. This project used a novel methodology of finding dentinal defects using the “K-cube”, which allows evaluators to visualize sectioned root surfaces before instrumentation and after instrumentation. Mesial roots from 40 human mandibular first molars were divided into 4 groups of 10 for each file type. Root section pictures were taken with a Zeiss Discovery V20 stereomicroscope before and after canal instrumentation. Each of the pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation images were evaluated for dentinal defects by four calibrated endodontists utilizing REDCap survey. Using a chi-square analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between dentinal defects created by continuous and reciprocating rotation (p=0.1924) and no difference between the four file types (p=0.2317)

IMPACTS FROM CAPTIVE SUPPLIES ON FED CATTLE TRANSACTION PRICES

Increased use of noncash-price procurement methods has concerned cattlemen for the past several years. This research estimated impacts of captive supplies on transaction prices for fed cattle. Negative relationships were found between transaction prices and percentage deliveries from the inventory of forward contracted and marketing agreement cattle. However, impacts from the absolute size of the total captive supply inventory were not significant. Price differences were found among procurement methods with forward contract prices being much lower. On balance, captive supplies had small but often negative effects on fed cattle transaction prices.Demand and Price Analysis,

Why Are German Employers Associations Declining? A Challenge to the Conventional Wisdom. CES Germany & Europe Working Papers, No. 05.3, 2005

This paper challenges the conventional explanation for declining density of German employers associations. The dominant account asserts that German trade unions have taken advantage of increased globalization since the 1980s which has made internationally active enterprises more vulnerable to production disruptions to extract additional monopoly rents from multinational employers via aggressive collective bargaining. Small firms have responded to the increased union pressures by avoiding membership employers associations, which has produced the density declines. Data, however, disconfirm the conventional explanation; compensation increases have actually become increasingly smaller over the decades. This paper presents an alternative explanation that is consistent with the data. We argue that it is the large product manufacturers rather than the trade unions that have greatly increased price pressures on parts suppliers, which has led to a disproportionate number of suppliers to quit employers associations. The paper also discusses these findings in light of the "varieties of capitalism" literature. It points out that this literature has depicted national models as too homogeneous. The decision of several German employers associations to offer different classes of membership represents an accentuation of variety within national varieties of capitalism

Early Prevention of Severe Neurodevelopmental Behavior Disorders: An Integration

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities on 1/1/2012, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/19315864.2011.593697.There is a very substantial literature over the past 50 years on the advantages of early detection and intervention on the cognitive, communicative, and social-emotional development of infants and toddlers at risk for developmental delay due to premature birth or social disadvantage. Most of these studies excluded children with severe delays or other predisposing conditions, such as genetic or brain disorders. Many studies of children with biological or socio-developmental risk suggest that behavior disorders appear as early as three years and persist into adulthood if not effectively treated. By contrast, little is known about the infants and toddlers with established risk for severe delays, who make up a significant proportion of the population with dual diagnoses later in life. In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in early detection and intervention with children aged birth to three years, e.g. the P.L.99-457, Part C Birth-Three population, who may have disabilities and severe behavior problems, e.g. aggression, self-injury, and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. The available research is scattered in the behavior analytic literature, in the child development literature, as well as in the child mental health and psychiatry literature, the developmental disability literature, the animal modeling literature, and the genetics literature. The goal of this introductory overview is to integrate these literatures, by cross-referencing members of these various groups who have worked in this field, in order to provide the reader with an integrated picture of what is known and of future directions that need more research

Valuing Fed Cattle Using Objective Tenderness Measures

Beef tenderness is critical in consumer satisfaction with beef steak products. Current fed cattle valuation systems do not differentiate carcasses based upon tenderness variation. However, considerable research indicates consumers are willing to pay more for tender relative to tough beef steak. This article develops a tenderness-augmentation to current fed cattle grid pricing systems. Using a large set of actual carcasses, we determine that a tenderness-augmented price grid would reorder fed cattle value by on average nearly $5.00/cwt dressed relative to current valuation methods. Substantial opportunity is present to improve beef tenderness through new price signals to producers.beef quality, meat tenderness, cattle value, cattle price, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, Q11, Q13, M31,

Response of avian community to willow ring management in Prairie Pothole Wetlands

Paper presented at the 13th North American Agroforesty Conference, which was held June 19-21, 2013 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.In Poppy, L., Kort, J., Schroeder, B., Pollock, T., and Soolanayakanahally, R., eds. Agroforestry: Innovations in Agriculture. Proceedings, 13th North American Agroforestry Conference, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada, June 19-21, 2013.Wetlands surrounded by willow vegetation (willow rings) within the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are an important part of the prairie landscape. They provide habitat for wildlife, remove agricultural runoff, and reduce soil salinity. However, willow rings in the PPR are continually destroyed to increase crop production. Recently willow rings have been targeted as a renewable source of biomass for bioenergy operations because it is adapted for quick growth following harvest. Management of willow vegetation from wetlands will increase the economic incentive to retain wetlands intact on the prairie landscape. However, there is currently, little known about the avian species inhabiting willow rings or the impact that harvesting natural willow vegetation will have on these species. My research will look at the natural variation in willow ring coverage and age to simulate harvest treatments of willow rings. Point counts will provide information on the bird species that use each wetland as well as how birds react to changes in willow vegetation structure. Comparisons of high and low density wetland areas across different land cover types will be used to demonstrate any habitat preferences bird species may have. The results of this research will determine the impact that willow harvest will have on avian populations inhabiting these wetlands. This research can then be used to create guidelines for sustainable willow ring management practice in the future.Melissa Mushanski (1), Stephen Davis (2), Bill Schroeder (3) and Chris Somers (1) ; 1. Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2. 2. Canadian Wildlife Services, Environment Canada, 300 2365 Albert Street, Regina, SK,S4P 4K1. 3. Agroforestry Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 940, Indian Head, SK, S0G 2K0.Includes bibliographical references

Emotions and Crime over the Life Course: A Neo-Meadian Perspective on Criminal Continuity and Change

A symbolic interactionist perspective on the emotions is presented that highlights their social character, forges links to cognitive processes, and suggests ways in which emotions influence long-term patterns of criminal involvement. This neo-Meadian perspective contrasts with theories of desistance that focus on the role of informal social controls and develops the view of an emotional self that flourishes somewhat independent of the major role transitions typically emphasized in sociological studies of the life course. The authors also explore ways in which attention to the emotional realms of experience adds to traditional treatments of the impact of adult transition events ( e. g., the good marriage effect ). Interviews with male and female adolescent offenders and two waves of adult follow-u data document general patterns of association and support the argument that a social view of emotional processes is critical to a comprehensive understanding of life course patterns of criminal continuity and change

From point cloud to textured model the Zamani laser scanning pipeline in heritage documentation

The paper describes the stages of the laser scanning pipeline from data acquisition to the final 3D computer model based on experiences gained during the ongoing creation of data for the African Cultural Heritage Sites and Landscapes database. The various processes are briefly discussed and challenges are highlighted which need to be addressed to develop the full potential of laser scanning. Experiences with fieldwork, scan registration, hole-filling, data cleaning, modelling and texturing are reported. The potential strengths and weaknesses of the emerging tool of “Structure from Motion” are briefly explored for their potential use in combination with laser scanning