1,457 research outputs found
Conductivity and Atomic Structure of Isolated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
We report associated high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
and transport measurements on a series of isolated multiwalled carbon
nanotubes. HRTEM observations, by revealing relevant structural features of the
tubes, shed some light on the variety of observed transport behaviors, from
semiconducting to quasi-metallic type. Non Ohmic behavior is observed for
certain samples which exhibit "bamboo like" structural defects. The resistance
of the most conducting sample, measured down to 20 mK, exhibits a pronounced
maximum at 0.6 K and strong positive magnetoresistance.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figure
Quantum reflection of helium atom beams from a microstructured grating
We observe high-resolution diffraction patterns of a thermal-energy
helium-atom beam reflected from a microstructured surface grating at grazing
incidence. The grating consists of 10-m-wide Cr strips patterned on a
quartz substrate and has a periodicity of 20 m. Fully-resolved diffraction
peaks up to the order are observed at grazing angles up to 20
mrad. With changes in de Broglie wavelength or grazing angle the relative
diffraction intensities show significant variations which shed light on the
nature of the atom-surface interaction potential. The observations are
explained in terms of quantum reflection at the long-range attractive
Casimir-van der Waals potential.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
New results on rewrite-based satisfiability procedures
Program analysis and verification require decision procedures to reason on
theories of data structures. Many problems can be reduced to the satisfiability
of sets of ground literals in theory T. If a sound and complete inference
system for first-order logic is guaranteed to terminate on T-satisfiability
problems, any theorem-proving strategy with that system and a fair search plan
is a T-satisfiability procedure. We prove termination of a rewrite-based
first-order engine on the theories of records, integer offsets, integer offsets
modulo and lists. We give a modularity theorem stating sufficient conditions
for termination on a combinations of theories, given termination on each. The
above theories, as well as others, satisfy these conditions. We introduce
several sets of benchmarks on these theories and their combinations, including
both parametric synthetic benchmarks to test scalability, and real-world
problems to test performances on huge sets of literals. We compare the
rewrite-based theorem prover E with the validity checkers CVC and CVC Lite.
Contrary to the folklore that a general-purpose prover cannot compete with
reasoners with built-in theories, the experiments are overall favorable to the
theorem prover, showing that not only the rewriting approach is elegant and
conceptually simple, but has important practical implications.Comment: To appear in the ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, 49 page
An Exact Diagonalization Demonstration of Incommensurability and Rigid Band Filling for N Holes in the t-J Model
We have calculated S(q) and the single particle distribution function
for N holes in the t - J model on a non--square sqrt{8} X sqrt{32} 16--site
lattice with periodic boundary conditions; we justify the use of this lattice
in compariosn to those of having the full square symmetry of the bulk. This new
cluster has a high density of vec k points along the diagonal of reciprocal
space, viz. along k = (k,k). The results clearly demonstrate that when the
single hole problem has a ground state with a system momentum of vec k =
(pi/2,pi/2), the resulting ground state for N holes involves a shift of the
peak of the system's structure factor away from the antiferromagnetic state.
This shift effectively increases continuously with N. When the single hole
problem has a ground state with a momentum that is not equal to k =
(pi/2,pi/2), then the above--mentioned incommensurability for N holes is not
found. The results for the incommensurate ground states can be understood in
terms of rigid--band filling: the effective occupation of the single hole k =
(pi/2,pi/2) states is demonstrated by the evaluation of the single particle
momentum distribution function . Unlike many previous studies, we show
that for the many hole ground state the occupied momentum states are indeed k =
(+/- pi/2,+/- pi/2) states.Comment: Revtex 3.0; 23 pages, 1 table, and 13 figures, all include
Effect of the Three-Site Hopping Term on the t-J Model
We have used exact diagonalization and quantum Monte Carlo methods to study
the one-dimensional {t-J} model including the three-site hopping term derived
from the strong coupling limit of the Hubbard model. The three-site term may be
important to superconducting correlations since it allows direct hopping of
local singlet electron pairs. The phase diagram is determined for several
values of the strength of the three-site term and compared with that of the
{t-J} and Hubbard models. Phase separation, which exists in the t-J model is
suppressed. In the low electron density region the formation of local singlet
electron pairs is enhanced, leading to stronger superconducting correlations
even for values . A large spin gap region extends from low electron
densities up to high densities. In the low hole density region the
superconducting correlations are suppressed at in spite of enhanced
pair formation. This is because the three-site term, while enhancing the
formation of electron pairs, leads to a repulsion between holes.Comment: 9 pages including 9 figures and 1 Table. Self-unpacking postscript.
Unpacking instructions are at the beginning of the file. Submitted to
Physical Review
Lightly Doped t-J Three-Leg Ladders - an Analog for the Underdoped Cuprates
The three-leg ladder has one odd-parity and two even-parity channels. At low
doping these behave quite differently. Numerical calculations for a t-J model
show that the initial phase upon hole doping has two components - a conducting
Luttinger liquid in the odd-parity channel, coexisting with an insulating (i.e.
undoped) spin liquid phase in the even-parity channels. This phase has a
partially truncated Fermi surface and violates the Luttinger theorem. This
coexistence of conducting fermionic and insulating paired bosonic degrees of
freedom is similar to the recent proposal of Geshkenbein, Ioffe, and Larkin for
the underdoped spin-gap normal phase of the cuprates. A mean field
approximation is derived which has many similarities to the numerical results.
One difference however is an induced hole pairing in the odd-parity channel at
arbitrary small dopings, similar to that proposed by Geshkenbein, Ioffe, and
Larkin for the two-dimensional case. At higher dopings, we propose that a
quantum phase transition will occur as holes enter the even-parity channels,
resulting in a Luther-Emery liquid with hole pairing with essentially d-wave
character. In the mean field approximation a crossover occurs which we
interpret as a reflection of this quantum phase transition deduced from the
numerical results.Comment: RevTex, 36 pages with 16 figure
Human Coronavirus NL63 Open Reading Frame 3 encodes a virion-incorporated N-glycosylated membrane protein
Background: Human pathogenic coronavirus NL63 (hCoV-NL63) is a group 1 (alpha) coronavirus commonly
associated with respiratory tract infections. In addition to known non-structural and structural proteins all
coronaviruses have one or more accessory proteins whose functions are mostly unknown. Our study focuses on
hCoV-NL63 open reading frame 3 (ORF 3) which is a highly conserved accessory protein among coronaviruses.
Results: In-silico analysis of the 225 amino acid sequence of hCoV-NL63 ORF 3 predicted a triple membranespanning
protein. Expression in infected CaCo-2 and LLC-MK2 cells was confirmed by immunofluorescence and
Western blot analysis. The protein was detected within the endoplasmatic reticulum/Golgi intermediate
compartment (ERGIC) where coronavirus assembly and budding takes place. Subcellular localization studies using
recombinant ORF 3 protein transfected in Huh-7 cells revealed occurrence in ERGIC, Golgi- and lysosomal
compartments. By fluorescence microscopy of differently tagged envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N)
proteins it was shown that ORF 3 protein colocalizes extensively with E and M within the ERGIC. Using N-terminally
FLAG-tagged ORF 3 protein and an antiserum specific to the C-terminus we verified the proposed topology of an
extracellular N-terminus and a cytosolic C-terminus. By in-vitro translation analysis and subsequent endoglycosidase
H digestion we showed that ORF 3 protein is N-glycosylated at the N-terminus. Analysis of purified viral particles
revealed that ORF 3 protein is incorporated into virions and is therefore an additional structural protein.
Conclusions: This study is the first extensive expression analysis of a group 1 hCoV-ORF 3 protein. We give
evidence that ORF 3 protein is a structural N-glycosylated and virion-incorporated protein.Web of Scienc
Drude weight and dc-conductivity of correlated electrons
The Drude weight and the dc-conductivity of strongly
correlated electrons are investigated theoretically. Analytic results are
derived for the homogeneous phase of the Hubbard model in
dimensions, and for spinless fermions in this limit with -corrections
systematically included to lowest order. It is found that is
finite for all , displaying Fermi liquid behavior, , at low temperatures. The validity of this result for finite dimensions
is examined by investigating the importance of Umklapp scattering processes and
vertex corrections. A finite dc-conductivity for is argued to be a
generic feature of correlated lattice electrons in not too low dimensions.Comment: 15 pages, uuencoded compressed PS-fil
Properties of lightly doped t-J two-leg ladders
We have numerically investigated the doped t-J ladder using exact
diagonalization. We have studied both the limit of strong inter-chain coupling
and isotropic coupling. The ladder scales to the Luther-Emery liquid regime in
the strong inter-chain coupling limit. In this strong coupling limit there is a
simple picture of the excitation spectrum that can be continued to explain the
behavior at isotropic coupling. At J=0 we have indications of a ferromagnetic
ground state. At a large the ladder is phase separated into holes and a
Heisenberg ladder. At intermediate coupling the ground state shows hole pairing
with a modified d-wave symmetry. The excitation spectrum separates into a
limited number of quasiparticles which carry charge and spin and a triplet magnon mode. At half-filling the former vanish but the latter
evolves continuously into the magnon band of the spin liquid. At low doping the
quasiparticles form a dilute Fermi gas with a strong attraction but
simultaneously the Fermi wave vector, as would be measured in photoemission, is
large. The dynamical structure factors are calculated and are found to be very
similar to calculations on 2D clusters
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