318 research outputs found

    To the iconography of the saint warrior horseman in the Byzantine sphragistics of the 12th - 13th centuries. Saint demetrios of Thessalonika

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    Introduction. The images of holy warriors were extremely popular in the art of Byzantium and the countries of the Byzantine cultural circle of the 11th - 14th centuries. They are known for numerous images in iconography, monumental painting, applied art. They are numerous in sphragistics. The image of a warrior horseman best known for the early 13th century monuments is the rarest and most recent formation. Introducing new sigilographic monuments into the scientific circulation and determining the time of appearance of this iconographic type on their basis are among the main goals of the proposed research. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary integrated approach that involves using methods of the comparative analysis of sfragistics, numismatic and other categories of monuments. Analysis. Two seals are kept in the State Hermitage Museum collection. Both sides of the first seal (M-12374) have the depiction of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki as a horseman triumphant. On the left, under the cloak, there is the inscription ΟΔΗ. that, apparently, can be revealed as FÏ (Rγιος) Δη(μήτριος). On the other side of the seal there is a full-length image of Saint Stephanos with a censer and pyxis in his hands. On the front side of the second seal (M-3751) there is the same image of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki with a similar inscription. On the reverse side of the seal there is the inscription “Defender, look at me, your slave Christopher”. Results. The images of Saint Demetrios of Thessaloniki on both seals are almost identical, which implies the existence of a common prototype, most likely an honored icon. We can assume that it was in Thessaloniki in the Basilica of Saint Demetrios. Probably, the image of the warrior triumphant is the latest version of the iconography of saint warrior and it is known for the few monuments of the late 11th - 12th centuries. As a result, both seals can be dated to the same time. © 2019 Volgograd State University. All rights reserved

    Сенахеримы в византии: Новая печать Феодора Сенахерима из Болгарии

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    Introduction. The new seal of proedros Theodoros Senachereim presents the oikeios of emperor Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118), well-known from written sources. Analysis. The finds of seals of individual representatives of the Senachereim family (Atouemes, proedros; Abou Sahl, proedros and kouropalates; Constantine, proedros, kouropalates and doux; Sebatas, protospatharios and strategos of the Serbion; John; Kourtikios and Zoe, nun), including on the territory of Bulgaria, provide grounds to suppose that the latter were administratively related in some way to the Balkan themes of Byzantium and, apparently, to the main Bulgarian centers of the Byzantine influence. Results. Traditionally, it was considered that the Senachereim and other representatives of the Armenian elite in Asia Minor disappeared from the political scene in connection with the Seljuk conquest of these territories. However, thanks to the finds of seals of the Senachereim it is obvious that the family survives at least until the beginning of the 13th century. © Алексеенко Н.А., Степаненко В.П., 202

    Image of St. George as Dragon-Slayerr on the Seal M-8759 from the State Hermitage Museum Collection

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    Submitted: 29.06.2020. Accepted: 15.10.2020.Поступила в редакцию 29.06.2020. Принята к печати 15.10.2020.This paper addresses the history of research of a Byzantine seal dating from the twelfth century and analyzes of its iconography. In 1884, Gustave Schlumberger first published an anonymous Byzantine seal from his private collection in the famous Byzantine Sigillography (p. 502). Between 1905 and 1910, Nikolai P. Likhachev acquired a part of G. Schlumberger’s collection. This anonymous seal attracted Likhachev’s special attention, as evidenced by the inventory card written by his hand that survived. When entering the State Hermitage Museum collection, this seal got the number M-8759. Later on, it became a subject of the research by Valentina S. Shandrovskaia. According to the legend on the reverse, the seal belonged to an official of unknown name with the rank of protospatharios ἐπὶ τοῦ Χρυσοτρικλίνου, who held the position of the domestikos tes ypourgeias (δομέστικος τῆς ὐπουργείας) at the Christ-loving despotes (i. e. emperor). The front side of the seal features St. George spearing a dragon. It has been noticed that the scene showing this saint performing the feat rarely occurs on the tenth-to-twelfth century Byzantine seals with similar iconography.Статья посвящена истории изучения одной византийской печати, датируемой XII в., и анализу ее иконографии. В 1884 г. в знаменитом труде Г. Шлюмберже «Византийская сигиллография» впервые была опубликована анонимная византийская печать из личной коллекции ученого (с. 502). Между 1905–1910 гг. часть коллекции Г. Шлюмберже приобрел Н. П. Лихачев. Данная анонимная печать привлекла особое внимание Н. П. Лихачева, свидетельством чего является сохранившаяся карточка, написанная его рукой. При поступлении в собрание Эрмитажа печать получила номер М-8759. В дальнейшем изучением печати занималась В. С. Шандровская. Согласно легенде, помещенной на оборотной стороне, печать принадлежала неизвестному по имени чиновнику, имевшему ранг протоспафария ἐπὶ τοῦ Χρυσοτρικλίνου и состоявшему в должности доместика ипургии (δο-μέστικος τῆς ὐπουργείας) христолюбивого деспота (императора). На лицевой стороне печати изображен св. Георгий, поражающий копьем дракона. Отмечается, что сцена, изображающая момент свершения подвига святого, редко встречается на византийских печатях X–XII вв. со сходной иконографией

    The Theme of Bosporos According to Sigillography

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    Поступила в редакцию: 23.08.2022. Принята к печати: 15.10.2022.Submitted: 23.08.2022. Accepted: 15.10.2022В 1895 г. Г. Шлюмбурже издал моливдовул протоспафария и стратига Боспора Аркадия. Второй экземпляр аналогичной печати, обнаруженный в Преславе, был опубликован в 2008 г. И. Йордановым. Стратиг Боспора упомянут в Тактиконе 975 г., изданном Н. Икономидисом. Согласно письменным источникам, Преслав был завоеван Византией в 971 г. и оставался под ее контролем до 986 г. По сообщению византийского историка Льва Диакона, во время переговоров с князем Святославом в 971 г. византийский император Иоанн Цимисхий требовал, чтобы киевский князь, «получив обещанную еще императором Никифором награду, удалился в свои области и к Боспору Киммерийскому». Таким образом, создание фемы Боспор было следствием появления русов на берегах Боспора до 971 г., где позже образовалось так называемое Тмутараканское княжество. Фема просуществовала непродолжительное время. В этом районе была обнаружена печать Льва, императорского спафария и турмарха Готии. Второй экземпляр данной печати происходит из Херсонеса. Появление печати Льва свидетельствует об изменениях в структуре византийской фемной администрации в Таврике в 970‑е гг.In 1895 G. Schlumberger published the seal of Arkadios, protospatharios and strategos of Bosporos. In 2008, I. Jordanov published the second find of similar seal found in Preslav. The strategos of Bosporos appeared in the Taktikon of 975, published by N. Oikonomides. According to written sources, Preslav was conquered by Byzantium in 971 and remained under its control as long as 986. According to the Byzantine historian Leo the Deacon, during negotiations with Prince Sviatoslav in 971, the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes demanded that the Prince of Kiev “should take the pay promised by the emperor Nikephoros and should return to his own territory and the Cimmerian Bosporos.” This way, the establishment of the theme of Bosporos was a consequence of the appearance of the Rus’, before 971, on the shores of the Straits of Bosporos, where the so-called Tmutorokan Principality occurred in a later period. The theme in question existed for a short time. The seal of Leo, imperial spatharios and tourmarches of Gothia, was discovered in the area under study. The second find of this seal originates from Chersonese. The appearance of Leo’s seal indicates the changes in the structure of the Byzantine theme administration in Taurica in the 970s

    Artsruni-Senaichereim Family in the Byzantine Administration of the Eleventh-Century Balkan Themes

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    Поступила в редакцию 22.07.2021. Принята к печати 11.10.2021.Submitted: 22.07.2021. Accepted: 11.10.2021.В 2009 г. В. С. Шандровская издала моливдовул Севаты Сенахерима, протоспафария и стратига фемы Сервия, датировав его концом Х – началом XI в. А. С. Мохов же датировал этот моливдовул второй половиной 980-х гг. Кроме того, он, основываясь на сообщении Иоанна Скилицы, согласно которому Никифор Ксифий по приказу Василия II Болгаробойцы разрушил и сровнял с землей все крепости в областях Сервии и Соска, утверждает, что разрушение крепости Сервии и ликвидидация фемы произошли в 1018 г. В статье оспариваются данные выводы. Автор статьи считает, что наличие в патрониме Севаты родового имени Сенахерим противоречит предложенным А. С. Моховым датировкам. Сенахеримы ведут происхождение от царя Васпуракана (Армения) Сенекерима Арцруни. Он и его семейство появились в Византии в 1021 г. Его потомки могли стать Сенахеримами только после смерти его около 1024 г. Таким образом, правление Севаты в Сервии может быть датировано 1020-ми гг., а фема Сервия вряд ли была ликвидирована в 1018 г.In 2009, Valentina S. Shandrovskaya published a seal of Sebatas Senaichereim, protospatharios and strategos of the theme of Servia and dated it from the late of the tenth to the early eleventh centuries. Anton S. Mokhov dated this molybdoboullon to the second half of the 980s. Additionally, the latter used John Skylitzes’s account that Nikephoros Xiphias, following the order of the Emperor Basil II the Bulgar Slayer, destroyed and razed to the ground all the fortresses in the regions of Servia and Soska to claim that the destruction of the fortress of Servia and the liquidation of this theme date to 1018. This paper doubts the said interpretations. The paper’s author considers that the family name of Senaichereim included into the patronymic of Sebatas contradicts the dates proposed by Anton S. Mokhov. The Senaichereim family descended from the king of Vaspurakan (Armenia) Senekerim Artsruni. He and his family appeared in Byzantium in 1021. His descendants could become the Senaicheriem family only after his death ca 1024. Therefore, Sebatas’ reign in Servia possibly dates to the 1020s, and the theme of Servia could hardly be liquidated in 1018

    Evaluation of the Innovation Potential of the Regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation

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    The present article analyzes the current approaches to the evaluation of innovation potential of the individual territories of the Russian Federation. The technique of evaluation of the innovation potential on the example of the Central Federal District regions by means of the functional model of evaluation is given consideration to. The algorithm of the innovation potential evaluation proposed by the authors includes six groups of indexes integrating twenty-eight individual indicator

    Random Walks in Local Dynamics of Network Losses

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    We suggest a model for data losses in a single node of a packet-switched network (like the Internet) which reduces to one-dimensional discrete random walks with unusual boundary conditions. The model shows critical behavior with an abrupt transition from exponentially small to finite losses as the data arrival rate increases. The critical point is characterized by strong fluctuations of the loss rate. Although we consider the packet arrival being a Markovian process, the loss rate exhibits non-Markovian power-law correlations in time at the critical point.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

    Жизненная некомпетентность воспитанников интернатных учреждений

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    У статті аналізується якість виховання дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківського піклування, у дитячих будинках та інтернатах; розглядається життєва некомпетентність випускників інтернатних закладів.In this article is analyzed the quality of upbringing of orphans and kids devoid of parental care in orphanages and orphans' asylums, examined life incompetence of graduates of institutions for orphans.В статье анализируется качество воспитания детей-сирот и детей, лишенных родительской заботы, в детских домах и интернатах; рассматривается жизненная некомпетентность выпускников интернатных заведений
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