Develop, demonstrate, and verify large area composite structural bonding with polyimide adhesives

The technology required to produce graphite-polyimide structural components with operational capability at 598 K (600 F) is considered. A series of polyimide adhesives was screened for mechanical and physical properties and processibility in fabricating large midplane bonded panels and honeycomb sandwich panels in an effort to fabricate a structural test component of the space shuttle aft body flap. From 41 formulations, LaRC-13, FM34B-18, and a modified LaRC-13 adhesive were selected for further evaluation. The LaRC-13 adhesive was rated as the best of the three adhesives in terms of availability, cost, processibility, properties, and ability to produce void fee large area (12" x 12") midplane bonds. Surface treatments and primers for the adhesives were evaluated and processes were developed for the fabrication of honeycomb sandwich panels of very good quality which was evidenced by rupture in the honeycomb core rather than in the facesheet bands on flatwise tensile strength testing. The fabrication of the adhesively bonded honeycomb sandwich cover panels, ribs, and leading edge covers of Celion graphite/LARC-160 polyimide laminates is described

When assessment defines the content—understanding goals in between teachers and policy

© 2020 The Authors. The Curriculum Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Educational Research Association.Education policy development internationally reflect a widespread expansion of learning outcome orientation in policy, curricula and assessment. In this paper, teachers’ perceptions about their work are explored, as goals and assessment play a more prominent role driven by the introduction of a learning outcomes‐oriented system. This is investigated through interviews of Norwegian teachers and extensive policy analysis of Norwegian policy documents. The findings indicate that the teachers are finding ways to negotiate and adjust to the language in the policies investigated in this study. Furthermore, the findings show that the teachers have developed their professional language according to the policies. The teachers referred to their self‐made criteria and goal sheets as central tools in explicating what is to be learned. In many ways, the tools for assessment, thus determine the content of education as well as what is valued in the educational system.publishedVersio

Toward Affirming Therapy: What Sex Workers Want and Need From Mental Health Providers

Within the field of psychology, the development of a culture of competency both in training programs and, more specifically, related to working with historically underrepresented and underserved populations has been making significant progress. One group who has been neglected, however, consists of individuals who consensually work in the commercial sex trade industry (i.e., sex workers). The current Delphi study begins to address this gap. Using responses from eight sex workers to explore factors affecting disclosure of occupation to therapists, barriers and facilitators to receiving mental health care, and areas for educational growth among mental health professionals, the results reveal participants’ preference for therapists who take an affirming approach regarding their occupation (e.g., respecting the hard work, skill, and emotional labor) and do not assume that they are in therapy because of their work. Broadly, this article highlights the knowledge, skills, and attitudes sex workers believe comprise critical areas of competency for therapists working with this often-stigmatized population. Ultimately, these results can be used to advance competent, just, and effective therapy with this population

“Please Describe a Person who Sells Sex”: (De)humanizing Prototypic Perceptions in the USA

Introduction: People who trade sex face violence and discrimination across individual, community, and systemic levels. The goal of the current study is to examine the impact of the terms used for people who trade sex (e.g., sex worker, prostitute, individual who sells sex, whore, escort) on people’s perceptions of individuals who trade sex within the United States. Methods: The current study used a prototype methodology to understand the impact of these terms. Data were collected in 2022 and participants were asked to provide 5 characteristics of each term describing a person who trades sex and designate these characteristics as positive, negative, or neutral. Results: Participants attributed more negative than positive characteristics to people who trade sex, broadly. When describing a Prostitute, an Individual who Sells Sex (ISS), and a whore, participants reported markedly more negative characteristics than when describing a Sex Worker or an Escort. Conclusion: Greater attention to the language used to describe people who trade sex is needed. Policy Implications: At present, the term prostitute and/or prostitution is used consistently in legal statutes and literature. Given the markedly negative perceptions associated with these terms, reforming social and legal policies utilizing this and other stigmatizing terms is warranted

PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTORS AFFECTING HEAT ACCUMULATION WITH A WILDLAND FIREFIGHTER HELMET

K. Heinze, J. Center, T. Stenersen, C. Dumke FACSM University of Montana, Missoula, MT PURPOSE:This study evaluates the relationship between physiological factors and their effects on heat accumulation while wearing a wildland firefighter helmet. METHODS: Eleven male subjects were recruited between the ages of 18-40 with a VO2max between 40-65 ml/kg/min. The trials required the subject to walk at 50% VO2max for 90 min. with an ambient temperature and relative humidity of 35oC and 30% respectively. Prior to exercise, nude bodyweight was obtained, skin and rectal temperature probes were secured, and WLFF personal protective equipment (PPE) (Nomex and standard issue helmet) was donned excluding gloves and a pack. Subjects entered the heat chamber where resting values of heart rate (HR), core temperature (CT), skin temperature on neck and chest (STn, STch), perceived head heat (PHH), skin blood flow on neck and forehead (SBFn, SBFch), and head heat (Tih) were collected. Subjects walked in the heat chamber for two 45 min. increments with a 5 min. rest period in between. Every 15 min. HR, RPE, CT, STn, STch, and PHH were recorded. Subjects received 6 ml/kg of water every 30 min. HR, RPE, CT, STn,STch, PHH and SBFn, SBFchwere recorded at 45 min. and at the end of the trial. Following the trial, nude BW was measured and a urine sample was collected. Pearson correlations determined significant relationships between physiological characteristics and peak outcomes. RESULTS:Body surface area (BSA) related positively with end-trial CT(R=0.78; P=0.013). Increased absolute exercise intensity showed higher STn(R=0.82; P=0.002), SBFn(R=0.68; P=0.020) and sweat rates (R=0.67; P=0.025) during final stages of the trials. Perceived exertion was found to be significantly correlated to PSI (R=0.73; P=0.016). SBFncorrelated positively with Tih(R=0.88; P\u3c0.001), STnand STch(R=0.7; P\u3c0.02). CONCLUSION: This data suggests that larger individuals and greater absolute exercise intensity predispose wildland firefighters to overheating. Non-compensable heat gain from wildland firefighter PPE is related to elevated head heat, ST and SBF suggesting the inability to unload metabolic heat. Funded by the USFS (14-CR-11138200-009