2,841 research outputs found
Communication in quantum networks of logical bus topology
Perfect state transfer (PST) is discussed in the context of passive quantum
networks with logical bus topology, where many logical nodes communicate using
the same shared media, without any external control. The conditions under
which, a number of point-to-point PST links may serve as building blocks for
the design of such multi-node networks are investigated. The implications of
our results are discussed in the context of various Hamiltonians that act on
the entire network, and are capable of providing PST between the logical nodes
of a prescribed set in a deterministic manner.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Current versus voltage characteristics of GaN/AlGaN/GaN double heterostructures with varying AlGaN thickness and composition under hydrostatic pressure
We have studied current versus voltage characteristics of n-GaN∕u-AlGaN∕n-GaN double heterostructure devices under hydrostatic pressure up to 500MPa. Devices were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy using epitaxial layer overgrowth. The effect of AlGaN layer thickness and composition on the pressure sensitivity was investigated. For a fixed applied bias, we found that the current decreases approximately linearly in magnitude with increasing hydrostatic pressure over the range of voltages and pressures applied. The decrease in current magnitude can be attributed to piezoelectric effects and is consistent with model calculations. The polarizationcharge densities at the GaN∕AlGaN interfaces change with hydrostatic pressure, which in turn modifies the internal potential barrier. Changes in the AlGaN layer thickness and composition also modify the interfacial polarization, with thicker AlGaN layers and higher AlN content increasing the effect of pressure on the observed current versus voltage characteristics. The strain gauge factors obtained for these devices range from ∼200 to 800
A new temperature and humidity dependent surface site density approach for deposition ice nucleation
Deposition nucleation experiments with Arizona Test Dust (ATD) as
a surrogate for mineral dusts were conducted at the AIDA cloud
chamber at temperatures between 220 and 250 K. The influence
of the aerosol size distribution and the cooling rate on the ice
nucleation efficiencies was investigated. Ice nucleation active
surface site (INAS) densities were calculated to quantify the ice
nucleation efficiency as a function of temperature, humidity and the
aerosol surface area concentration. Additionally, a contact angle
parameterization according to classical nucleation theory was fitted
to the experimental data in order to relate the ice nucleation
efficiencies to contact angle distributions. From this study it can
be concluded that the INAS density formulation is a very useful tool
to describe the temperature- and humidity-dependent ice nucleation
efficiency of ATD particles.
Deposition nucleation on ATD particles can be described by
a temperature- and relative-humidity-dependent INAS density function
ns(T, Sice) with
ns(xtherm) = 1.88 ×105 · exp(0.2659 · xtherm) [m−2] , (1)
where the temperature- and saturation-dependent function xtherm is defined as
xtherm = −(T−273.2)+(Sice−1) ×100, (2)
with the saturation ratio with respect to ice Sice >1 and within a temperature range between 226 and
250 K. For lower temperatures, xtherm deviates
from a linear behavior with temperature and relative humidity over
ice.
Also, two different approaches for describing the time dependence of
deposition nucleation initiated by ATD particles are proposed. Box
model estimates suggest that the time-dependent contribution is only
relevant for small cooling rates and low number fractions of
ice-active particles
Nanometer-scale sharpness in corner-overgrown heterostructures
A corner-overgrown GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure is investigated with
transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy, demonstrating
self-limiting growth of an extremely sharp corner profile of 3.5 nm width. In
the AlGaAs layers we observe self-ordered diagonal stripes, precipitating
exactly at the corner, which are regions of increased Al content measured by an
XEDS analysis. A quantitative model for self-limited growth is adapted to the
present case of faceted MBE growth, and the corner sharpness is discussed in
relation to quantum confined structures. We note that MBE corner overgrowth
maintains nm-sharpness even after microns of growth, allowing the realization
of corner-shaped nanostructures.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Leucine Zipper-Bearing Kinase Is a Critical Regulator of Astrocyte Reactivity in the Adult Mammalian CNS.
Reactive astrocytes influence post-injury recovery, repair, and pathogenesis of the mammalian CNS. Much of the regulation of astrocyte reactivity, however, remains to be understood. Using genetic loss and gain-of-function analyses in vivo, we show that the conserved MAP3K13 (also known as leucine zipper-bearing kinase [LZK]) promotes astrocyte reactivity and glial scar formation after CNS injury. Inducible LZK gene deletion in astrocytes of adult mice reduced astrogliosis and impaired glial scar formation, resulting in increased lesion size after spinal cord injury. Conversely, LZK overexpression in astrocytes enhanced astrogliosis and reduced lesion size. Remarkably, in the absence of injury, LZK overexpression alone induced widespread astrogliosis in the CNS and upregulated astrogliosis activators pSTAT3 and SOX9. The identification of LZK as a critical cell-intrinsic regulator of astrocyte reactivity expands our understanding of the multicellular response to CNS injury and disease, with broad translational implications for neural repair
A new temperature- and humidity-dependent surface site density approach for deposition ice nucleation
Deposition nucleation experiments with Arizona Test Dust (ATD) as a surrogate for mineral dusts were conducted at the AIDA cloud chamber at temperatures between 220 and 250 K. The influence of the aerosol size distribution and the cooling rate on the ice nucleation efficiencies was investigated. Ice nucleation active surface site (INAS) densities were calculated to quantify the ice nucleation efficiency as a function of temperature, humidity and the aerosol surface area concentration. Additionally, a contact angle parameterization according to classical nucleation theory was fitted to the experimental data in order to relate the ice nucleation efficiencies to contact angle distributions. From this study it can be concluded that the INAS density formulation is a very useful tool to describe the temperature- and humidity-dependent ice nucleation efficiency of ATD particles.
Deposition nucleation on ATD particles can be described by a temperature- and relative-humidity-dependent INAS density function ns(T, Sice) with
ns(xtherm) = 1.88 ×105 · exp(0.2659 · xtherm) [m-2] , (1)
where the temperature- and saturation-dependent function xtherm is defined as
xtherm = -(T-273.2)+(Sice-1) ×100, (2)
with the saturation ratio with respect to ice Sice >1 and within a temperature range between 226 and 250 K. For lower temperatures, xtherm deviates from a linear behavior with temperature and relative humidity over ice.
Also, two different approaches for describing the time dependence of deposition nucleation initiated by ATD particles are proposed. Box model estimates suggest that the time-dependent contribution is only relevant for small cooling rates and low number fractions of ice-active particles
Hybrid Mechanical Systems
We discuss hybrid systems in which a mechanical oscillator is coupled to
another (microscopic) quantum system, such as trapped atoms or ions,
solid-state spin qubits, or superconducting devices. We summarize and compare
different coupling schemes and describe first experimental implementations.
Hybrid mechanical systems enable new approaches to quantum control of
mechanical objects, precision sensing, and quantum information processing.Comment: To cite this review, please refer to the published book chapter (see
Journal-ref and DOI). This v2 corresponds to the published versio
Hartree simulations of coupled quantum Hall edge states in corner-overgrown heterostructures
The electronic states in a corner-overgrown bent GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well heterostructure are studied with numerical Hartree simulations. Transmission electron microscope pictures of the junction sharpness are shown to justify the sharp-corner potential assumed for these calculations. In a tilted magnetic field, both facets of the bent quantum well are brought to a quantum Hall (QH) state, and the corner hosts an unconventional hybrid system of coupled counter-propagating quantum Hall edges and an additional 1D accumulation wire. We show how, in contrast to coplanar barrier-junctions of QH systems, the coupling between the three subsystems increases as a function of the applied magnetic field, and discuss the implications of the numerical results for the interpretation of experimental data on bent quantum Hall systems reported elsewhere. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.16542
The visibility of IQHE at sharp edges: Experimental proposals based on interactions and edge electrostatics
The influence of the incompressible strips on the integer quantized Hall
effect (IQHE) is investigated, considering a cleaved-edge overgrown (CEO)
sample as an experimentally realizable sharp edge system. We propose a set of
experiments to clarify the distinction between the large-sample limit when bulk
disorder defines the IQHE plateau width and the small-sample limit smaller than
the disorder correlation length, when self-consistent edge electrostatics
define the IQHE plateau width. The large-sample or bulk QH regime is described
by the usual localization picture, whereas the small-sample or edge regime is
discussed within the compressible/incompressible strips picture, known as the
screening theory of QH edges. Utilizing the unusually sharp edge profiles of
the CEO samples, a Hall bar design is proposed to manipulate the edge potential
profile from smooth to extremely sharp. By making use of a side-gate
perpendicular to the two dimensional electron system, it is shown that the
plateau widths can be changed or even eliminated altogether. Hence, the
visibility of IQHE is strongly influenced when adjusting the edge potential
profile and/or changing the dc current direction under high currents in the
non-linear transport regime. As a second investigation, we consider two
different types of ohmic contacts, namely highly transmitting (ideal) and
highly reflecting (non-ideal) contacts. We show that if the injection contacts
are non-ideal, however still ohmic, it is possible to measure directly the
non-quantized transport taking place at the bulk of the CEO samples. The
results of the experiments we propose will clarify the influence of the edge
potential profile and the quality of the contacts, under quantized Hall
conditions.Comment: Substantially revised version of manuscript arXiv:0906.3796v1,
including new figures et
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