Veritas & Vanitas: A Journal of Creative Nonfiction

A journal of creative nonfiction produced by students at the Marion campus of The Ohio State University with contributions from the students and faculty at the Marion campus of The Ohio State University and Marion Technical College

Light-emitting diode spherical packages: an equation for the light transmission efficiency

Virtually all light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are encapsulated with a transparent epoxy or silicone-gel. In this paper we analyze the optical efficiency of spherical encapsulants. We develop a quasi-radiometric equation for the light transmission efficiency, which incorporates some ideas of Monte-Carlo ray tracing into the context of radiometry. The approach includes the extended source nature of the LED chip, and the chip radiance distribution. The equation is an explicit function of the size and the refractive index of the package, and also of several chip parameters such as shape, size, radiance, and location inside the package. To illustrate the use of this equation, we analyze several packaging configurations of practical interest; for example, a hemispherical dome with multiple chips, a flat encapsulation as a special case of the spherical package, and approximate calculations of an encapsulant with a photonic crystal LED or with a photonic quasi crystal LED. These calculations are compared with Monte-Carlo ray-tracing, giving almost identical values.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Исследовательская деятельность эколого-биологической направленности в НОУ "Эврика" - эффективное средство профессиональной ориентации учащихся

В статье научно-исследовательская деятельность эколого-биологической направленности старшеклассников НОУ "Эврика" г. Нижнего Новгорода рассматривается как одна из значимых инновационных форм профессионального самоопределения. Материалом исследования послужил анализ программ конференции городского научного общества учащихся "Эврика" и судьбы выпускников данного общества. Отмечена тенденция роста популярности эколого-биологических исследований среди старшеклассников г. Нижнего Новгорода и успешное вхождение в профессию выпускников научного общества учащихся.In the article, the research activity of the ecology and biology of senior pupils of the scientific society of the pupils "Eureka" in Nizhny Novgorod is considered as one of the significant innovative forms of professional self-determination. The material of the study was the analysis of the programs of the conference of the city scientific society of the students "Eureka" and the fate of the graduates of this society. The tendency of growth of popularity of ecological and biological researches among senior pupils of Nizhny Novgorod and successful entry into the profession of graduates of the scientific society of students is noted

Synaptic NMDA receptor activity boosts intrinsic antioxidant defenses

Intrinsic antioxidant defenses are important for neuronal longevity. We found that in rat neurons, synaptic activity, acting via NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling, boosted antioxidant defenses by making changes to the thioredoxin-peroxiredoxin (Prx) system. Synaptic activity enhanced thioredoxin activity, facilitated the reduction of overoxidized Prxs and promoted resistance to oxidative stress. Resistance was mediated by coordinated transcriptional changes; synaptic NMDAR activity inactivated a previously unknown Forkhead box O target gene, the thioredoxin inhibitor Txnip. Conversely, NMDAR blockade upregulated Txnip in vivo and in vitro, where it bound thioredoxin and promoted vulnerability to oxidative damage. Synaptic activity also upregulated the Prx reactivating genes Sesn2 (sestrin 2) and Srxn1 (sulfiredoxin), via C/EBPβ and AP-1, respectively. Mimicking these expression changes was sufficient to strengthen antioxidant defenses. Trans-synaptic stimulation of synaptic NMDARs was crucial for boosting antioxidant defenses; chronic bath activation of all (synaptic and extrasynaptic) NMDARs induced no antioxidative effects. Thus, synaptic NMDAR activity may influence the progression of pathological processes associated with oxidative damage

The Ohio State University Commencement Address by David Steigerwald, Autumn 2014

Commencement address given by David Steigerwald, Department of History, to the Autumn 2014 graduating class of The Ohio State University, Jerome Schottenstein Center, Columbus, Ohio, December 21, 2014

Debating the 1960s: Liberal, Conservative, and Radical Perspectives

The conventional interpretation of the 1960s emphasizes how liberal, even radical, the decade was. It was, after all, the age of mass protests against the Vietnam War and social movements on behalf of civil rights and women\u27s rights. It was also an era when the counterculture challenged many of the values and beliefs held by morally traditional Americans. But a newer interpretation stresses how truly polarized the 1960s were. It portrays how radicals, liberals, and conservatives repeatedly clashed in ideological combat for the hearts and minds of Americans. Millions in the center and on the right contested the counterculture, defended the Vietnam War, and opposed civil rights. Debating the 1960s explores the decade through the arguments and controversies between radicals, liberals, and conservatives. The focus is on four main areas of contention: social welfare, civil rights, foreign relations, and social order. The book also examines the emergence of the New Left and the modern conservative movement. Finally, it assesses the enduring importance of the 1960s on contemporary American politics and society. Combining analytical essays and historical documents, the book highlights the polarization of the decade by focusing on the political, social, and cultural debates that divided the nation then and now.https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/hist_books/1005/thumbnail.jp

Private Information and High-Frequency Stochastic Volatility

We study the e®ect of privately informed traders on measured high frequency price changes and trades in asset markets. We use a standard market microstructure framework where exogenous news is captured by signals that informed agents receive. We show that the entry and exit of informed traders following the arrival of news accounts for high-frequency serial correlation in squared price changes (stochastic volatility) and grades. Because the bid-ask spread of the market specialist tends to shrink as individuals trade and reveal their information, the model also accounts for the empirical observation that high-frequency serial correlation is more pronounced in trades than in squared price changes. A calibration test of the model shows that the features of the market microstructure, without serially correlated news, accounts qualitatively for the serial correlation in the data, but predicts less persistence than is present in the data

Private Information and High-Frequency Stochastic Volatility

We study the effect of privately informed traders on measured high frequency price changes and trades in asset markets. We use a standard market microstructure framework where exogenous news is captured by signals that informed agents receive. We show that the entry and exit of informed traders following the arrival of news accounts for high-frequency serial correlation in squared price changes (stochastic volatility) and trades. Because the bid-ask spread of the market specialist tends to shrink as individuals trade and reveal their information, the model also accounts for the empirical observation that high-frequency serial correlation is more pronounced in trades than in squared price changes. A calibration test of the model shows that the features of the market microstructure, without serially correlated news, accounts qualitatively for the serial correlation in the data, but predicts less persistence than is present in the data.