L’INTEGRAZIONE DELLE SECONDE GENERAZIONI E IL RUOLO DELL’ITALIANO PER LO STUDIO

Come sta reagendo la scuola italiana di fronte alla presenza crescente dei figli dell’immigrazione? In assenza di direttive e di chiare indicazioni didattiche da parte delle autorità ministeriali, le scuole hanno risposto all’emergenza mettendo in campo l’unica risorsa abbondante di cui disponevano: la buona volontà dei docenti. Si è così assistito a un decennio di sperimentazioni e di proposte autonomamente gestite con un’infinità di iniziative di prima accoglienza e di educazione interculturale. Ma, se guardiamo al futuro, quali potrebbero essere le prospettive? Come si realizzerà l’integrazione delle seconde generazioni in Italia? Il contributo descrive le possibili traiettorie, partendo dal presupposto che l’integrazione non sarà l’esito di un percorso unico, uguale per tutti, ma discenderà da un vero e proprio mosaico di combinazioni originali tra diversi territori e comunità immigrate, ognuno con la propria identità e cultura. In tale direzione si muove il progetto sperimentale “Italiano per studiare”, promosso e sostenuto dalla Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, in collaborazione con USR Piemonte e con l’ASAI di Torino che offre ai ragazzi di origine immigrata, con una buona conoscenza dell’italiano orale, un corso di rafforzamento della comprensione e dell’uso dell’italiano scritto, per migliorarne l’approccio ai testi disciplinari e dunque la capacità di studio.THE INTEGRATION OF SECOND GENERATION IMMIGRANTS AND THE ROLE OF ITALIAN AT SCHOOLHow are Italian schools reacting to the growing presence of the children of immigrants? In the absence of directives and clear didactic indications on the part of the Ministry, schools have addressed the emergency by making use of the only plentiful resource they have: the good will of the teachers. The past decade has been characterized by experimentation and autonomous proposals managed thanks to countless integration initiatives and intercultural education. But if we look towards the future, what are the perspectives? How will second generations be integrated in Italy? Several possibilities are illustrated, starting from the idea that integration is not the result of a single experience, the same for all, but it is a real mosaic of combinations between the different territories and the communities of immigrants, each with their own identity and culture.The project “Italiano per studiare”, promoted and supported by the Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli, together with the USR Piemonte and the ASAI in Turin, offers a course to improve the approach to textbooks and thus to studying in general for immigrants with a sufficient knowledge of spoken Italian

Shape of the spatial mode function of photons generated in noncollinear spontaneous parametric downconversion

We show experimentally how noncollinear geometries in spontaneous parametric downconversion induce ellipticity of the shape of the spatial mode function. The degree of ellipticity depends on the pump beam width, especially for highly focused beams. We also discuss the ellipticity induced by the spectrum of the pump beam

Biogeographic deconstruction of phylogenetic and functional diversity provides insights into the formation of regional assemblages

Evolutionary history and environmental filtering shape the phylogenetic and functional structure of regional assemblages. However, detecting the footprint of such eco-evolutionary drivers is challenging because these may often counter each other's signature. Here, we examined whether a biogeographic deconstruction approach of phylogenetic (PD) and functional diversity (FD) patterns may help in identifying eco-evolutionary signals in extant regional assemblages. As model system, we used forest understorey angiosperms found in three regions of Italy (Alpine, Mediterranean, Continental). We quantified PD and FD of all species inhabiting the three regions (regional assemblages). Then, we computed PD and FD for the subsets of species restricted to each region (biogeographic elements), also examining diversity patterns of species found across the three regions (widespread element). We used aboveground and belowground traits capturing major plant functions to calculate FD. Additionally, we assessed FD patterns decoupled from phylogeny. We found that species restricted to climatically harsh regions (Alpine and Mediterranean elements) were phylogenetically and functionally clustered, whereas widespread species were characterised by overdispersion. Species confined to the climatically intermediate (Continental) region were randomly sorted. By including all species occurring within a region, the patterns found for the region-restricted species blurred. Phylogenetically decoupled FD patterns were qualitatively similar to non-decoupled ones with the exception of the Alpine element, where we detected a clear signature of functional differentiation between closely related species. This suggests that recent speciation events contributed to shaping the Alpine flora. Compared to the belowground compartment, aboveground traits showed a more coherent pattern with that of all-trait FD – likely because most biomass is allocated aboveground in forest understoreys. This biogeographic deconstruction study illustrates which type of eco-evolutionary insights can be gained by implementing multifaceted and integrated approaches at the macroecological scal

Biogeographic deconstruction of phylogenetic and functional diversity provides insights into the formation of regional assemblages

Evolutionary history and environmental filtering shape the phylogenetic and functional structure of regional assemblages. However, detecting the footprint of such eco-evolutionary drivers is challenging because these may often counter each other's signature. Here, we examined whether a biogeographic deconstruction approach of phylogenetic (PD) and functional diversity (FD) patterns may help in identifying eco-evolutionary signals in extant regional assemblages. As model system, we used forest understorey angiosperms found in three regions of Italy (Alpine, Mediterranean, Continental). We quantified PD and FD of all species inhabiting the three regions (regional assemblages). Then, we computed PD and FD for the subsets of species restricted to each region (biogeographic elements), also examining diversity patterns of species found across the three regions (widespread element). We used aboveground and belowground traits capturing major plant functions to calculate FD. Additionally, we assessed FD patterns decoupled from phylogeny. We found that species restricted to climatically harsh regions (Alpine and Mediterranean elements) were phylogenetically and functionally clustered, whereas widespread species were characterised by overdispersion. Species confined to the climatically intermediate (Continental) region were randomly sorted. By including all species occurring within a region, the patterns found for the region-restricted species blurred. Phylogenetically decoupled FD patterns were qualitatively similar to non-decoupled ones with the exception of the Alpine element, where we detected a clear signature of functional differentiation between closely related species. This suggests that recent speciation events contributed to shaping the Alpine flora. Compared to the belowground compartment, aboveground traits showed a more coherent pattern with that of all-trait FD – likely because most biomass is allocated aboveground in forest understoreys. This biogeographic deconstruction study illustrates which type of eco-evolutionary insights can be gained by implementing multifaceted and integrated approaches at the macroecological scal

Rectification of light refraction in curved waveguide arrays

An 'optical ratchet' for discretized light in photonic lattices, which enables to observe rectification of light refraction at any input beam conditions, is theoretically presented, and a possible experimental implementation based on periodically-curved zigzag waveguide arrays is proposed.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure

Giacitura e origine dei cristalli gessosi di lapis specularis nell\u2019area mediterranea

The Mediterranean basin is characterized by a remarkable variety of widespread gypsum outcrops ranging in age from the Permian to the Holocene. Among them, the Miocene deposits contain large gypsum crystals filling fractures and ancient karst caves that were exploited by the Romans to produce thin transparent cleavage plates to be used as substitute of glass in window panels (lapis specularis). For their size (at least some decimeters across) and perfect transparency, the most sought crystals were those from Spain, which is also the area with the richest lapis specularis deposits. In Italy traces of mining activity have been discovered only recently, while in Cyprus and Turkey, the quarries described by the Roman sources are still unknown. The increasing number of excavation sites continuously discovered in the Vena del Gesso of the Northern Apennines suggests that important discoveries could be made in Sicily, Cyprus and Turkey through specific studies. As indicated by our geological analysis, lapis specularis crystals could also be present in Albania, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Greece, Israel, Romania and Tunisia. These locations could represent potential sites of excavation of Roman not mentioned in ancient sources

Interaction between Sulfate and Selenate in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) Genotypes

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient of fundamental importance to human health and the main Se source is from plant-derived foods. Plants mainly take up Se as selenate (SeO42−), through the root sulfate transport system, because of their chemical similarity. The aims of this study were (1) to characterize the interaction between Se and S during the root uptake process, by measuring the expression of genes coding for high-affinity sulfate transporters and (2) to explore the possibility of increasing plant capability to take up Se by modulating S availability in the growth medium. We selected different tetraploid wheat genotypes as model plants, including a modern genotype, Svevo (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum), and three ancient Khorasan wheats, Kamut, Turanicum 21, and Etrusco (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum). The plants were cultivated hydroponically for 20 days in the presence of two sulfate levels, adequate (S = 1.2 mM) and limiting (L = 0.06 mM), and three selenate levels (0, 10, 50 μM). Our findings clearly showed the differential expression of genes encoding the two high-affinity transporters (TdSultr1.1 and TdSultr1.3), which are involved in the primary uptake of sulfate from the rhizosphere. Interestingly, Se accumulation in shoots was higher when S was limited in the nutrient solution

Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de filtrantes a base de muña (Minthostachys mollis) y culén (Psoralea glandulosa L.)

Actualmente en el mundo se ha generado una tendencia naturalista que consiste en el incremento de consumo de productos a base de hierbas, tal es el caso de los filtrantes a base de muña y culén que gracias a sus propiedades curativas y digestivas ayudan a combatir la gastritis. Esta tendencia permitió encontrar un mercado en el cual se podrá desarrollar el proyecto. Para determinar la demanda específica del presente estudio se analizó la data histórica de un producto sustituto (té verde) para hallar la demanda interna aparente. Proyectada dicha tendencia con una regresión lineal (2021 al 2025) y segmentando bajo la población urbana mayores a 16 años de los niveles socioeconómico A, B y C de Lima Metropolitana y datos recopilados de la encuesta como intensidad, intención y factor de preferencia. Se empleó el ranking de factores para la macrolocalización y microlocalización con la finalidad de encontrar el lugar más adecuado para la implementación de la planta de producción. Para el tamaño de planta, se consideró al tamaño de la tecnología como limitante con una capacidad de 23 748 kg/año. El cuello de botella es en el secado con una capacidad de 20 kg/hora. Asimismo, se realizó la disposición de la planta en la cual se determinó un área de 896 m². La inversión del proyecto es de S/ 406 907. Al determinar los ingresos por ventas, costos y gastos que tendrá el proyecto se obtuvo el VAN económico S/ 311 064 TIR económico 50,58%, VAN financiero S/ 493 803 y TIR financiero 91,55% y al comparar con el COK 22,81%, se puede concluir que el proyecto es viable.Currently, a naturalistic trend has been generated in the world, which consists in the increase in the consumption of herbal products, such is the case of fillets based on muña and culen that, thanks to their curative and digestive properties, help to combat gastritis. This trend allowed to find a market in which the project can be developed. To determine the specific demand of the present study, the historical data of a substitute product (green tea) was analyzed to find the apparent internal demand. Projected this trend with a linear regression (2021 to 2025) and segmenting it under the urban population over 16 years of socioeconomic levels A, B and C of Metropolitan Lima and data collected from the survey as intensity, intention and preference factor. The ranking of factors for macro localization and micro localization was used in order to find the most suitable place for the implementation of the production plant. For plant size, technology size was considered as limiting with a capacity of 23 748 kg / year. The bottleneck is drying with a capacity of 20 kg / hour. Likewise, the layout of the plant in which an area of 896 m² was determined was made. The investment of the project is S/ 406 907. When determining the income from sales, costs and expenses that the project will have, the economic VAN S/ 311 064, economic TIR 50,58%, financial VAN S/ 493 803 and financial TIR 91,55% and when compared with the COK 22,81%, it can be concluded that the project is viable

Clonal dynamics in osteosarcoma defined by RGB marking

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone tumour characterized by considerable levels of phenotypic heterogeneity, aneuploidy, and a high mutational rate. The life expectancy of osteosarcoma patients has not changed during the last three decades and thus much remains to be learned about the disease biology. Here, we employ a RGB-based single-cell tracking system to study the clonal dynamics occurring in a de novo-induced murine osteosarcoma model. We show that osteosarcoma cells present initial polyclonal dynamics, followed by clonal dominance associated with adaptation to the microenvironment. Interestingly, the dominant clones are composed of subclones with a similar tumour generation potential when they are re-implanted in mice. Moreover, individual spontaneous metastases are clonal or oligoclonal, but they have a different cellular origin than the dominant clones present in primary tumours. In summary, we present evidence that osteosarcomagenesis can follow a neutral evolution model, in which different cancer clones coexist and propagate simultaneously.We thank ISCIII and CNIO flow cytometry and cell sorting units for their participation in our studies. We are thankful to the CCEH-Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center for LAM-PCR service. We acknowledge Raquel Pérez Tavarez, María Blázquez Mesa, Alicia Giménez Sánchez, Elena Calvo Cazalilla, and Monserrat Arroyo Correas for useful help on the pathology studies; and Teresa Cejalvo, Isabel Cubillo Moreno, and Miguel Angel Rodríguez-Milla for their contributions in experimental setup. We thank the visual artist Isabella Lacquaniti for her help with drawings and schematics. We are also thankful to the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS: PI11/00377 and PI14CIII/00005 to J.G.-C., FIS: CP11/00206 to A.A., and RTICC: RD12/0036/0027 to J.G.-C.), the Madrid Regional Government (CellCAM; P2010/BMD-2420 to J.G.-C.), the Asociación Pablo Ugarte, and the Asociación Afanion for grants support.S

Pulse Reflectometer and Doppler back-scattering diagnostics in the TCV Tokamak

Latest DBS and Pulse reflectometer developments in the TCV tokamak are presente