A 78 year-old man with hyponatremia, malaise and weight loss caused by a pituitary mass

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Allur texti - Full textA 78 year-old male was admitted for rehabilitation after a trans-tibial amputation three months earlier. Scheduled training with a prosthetic leg was postponed due to muscle atrophy and weakness. As the patient's status deteriorated, blood results showed worsening hyponatremia.Work-up revealed pituitary insufficiency caused by a pituitary mass. The patient's general health improved greatly and the hyponatremia corrected after hormonal replacement therapy with Hydrocortisone, Thyroxin and Testosterone was initiated.Tæplega áttræður karlmaður var lagður inn á sjúkrahús til endurhæfingar eftir aflimun á fæti þremur mánuðum fyrr. Vegna vöðvarýrnunar og slappleika var fyrirhugaðri þjálfun með gervilim frestað. Líðan sjúklings hrakaði jafnt og þétt og rannsóknir sýndu meiri lækkun á natríum í sermi. Uppvinnsla leiddi í ljós skort á heiladingulshormónum sem reyndist stafa af æxli í heiladingli. Eftir að uppbótarmeðferð með kortisóli, þýroxíni og testósteróni var hafin lagaðist ástand sjúklings til muna og natríumgildi leiðréttust

The Complex Evaluation of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic at Universities: A Soft Computing Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the educational process since the teaching process has been forced to go online in many countries. This enforced change revealed the weaknesses and strengths of the national educational systems and particular institutions. This article aims to analyse the impact of COVID-19 at selected European universities and assess the satisfaction of students, teachers, IT staff and management. This study is unique for its systematicity and complexity – it aggregates the opinions of all interested groups of stakeholders, distinguishes several time periods (before, during and after the pandemic), and allows the respondents to express hesitance in their evaluation. The evaluation model uses fuzzy sets to capture the uncertainty and to aggregate the opinions of different stakeholder groups. The empirical results show that most of the satisfaction development is the same or similar for all institutions examined. Then, the pandemic strongly influenced the satisfaction of all stakeholder groups at the universities examined. This impact was mostly negative, however, several lessons learnt have been revealed. Therefore, it was shown that it is highly beneficial to include these aspects to obtain a reliable picture of overall satisfaction

Fatlaðir í fjölmiðlum

Viðfangsefni rannsóknarinnar er að kanna hvort að munur sé á tíðni umfjöllunar um fatlaða í fjölmiðlum eftir miðlum. Einnig að kanna að hve miklu leyti skoðun unglinga á fötluðum mótast af fjölmiðlum. Tíðni umfjöllunar um fatlaða í ljósvakamiðlum var skoðuð á tímabili sem spannaði tvær vikur. Athugað var hversu oft fatlaðir voru fréttefni og hvort að fatlaðir voru viðmælendur. Kom í ljós að töluverður munur er á milli dagblaðanna og smávægilegur munur á milli sjónvarpsstöðva. Spurningalisti var lagður fyrir 42 unglinga í KA á aldrinum 14-20 ára. Átti hann að gefa einhverja hugmynd um skoðun unglinga á fötluðum. Könnunin leiddi það í ljós að unglingar telja skoðun sína á fötluðum ekki mótast af fjölmiðlum

A 78 year-old man with hyponatremia, malaise and weight loss caused by a pituitary mass

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/Open Allur texti - Full textA 78 year-old male was admitted for rehabilitation after a trans-tibial amputation three months earlier. Scheduled training with a prosthetic leg was postponed due to muscle atrophy and weakness. As the patient's status deteriorated, blood results showed worsening hyponatremia.Work-up revealed pituitary insufficiency caused by a pituitary mass. The patient's general health improved greatly and the hyponatremia corrected after hormonal replacement therapy with Hydrocortisone, Thyroxin and Testosterone was initiated.Tæplega áttræður karlmaður var lagður inn á sjúkrahús til endurhæfingar eftir aflimun á fæti þremur mánuðum fyrr. Vegna vöðvarýrnunar og slappleika var fyrirhugaðri þjálfun með gervilim frestað. Líðan sjúklings hrakaði jafnt og þétt og rannsóknir sýndu meiri lækkun á natríum í sermi. Uppvinnsla leiddi í ljós skort á heiladingulshormónum sem reyndist stafa af æxli í heiladingli. Eftir að uppbótarmeðferð með kortisóli, þýroxíni og testósteróni var hafin lagaðist ástand sjúklings til muna og natríumgildi leiðréttust

Muscle activity in hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament tear. Electromyographical measurment on control and comparison group carrying out Nordic hamstring- and TRX hamstring exercises

Deilt hefur verið um áhrif þess að taka hluta af hálfsinungsvöðva við endurgerð fremra krossbands á starfsemi vöðvans. Styrkur beygjuvöðva hnéliðar hefur verið töluvert rannsakaður eftir aðgerð en aftur á móti hefur sértæk virkni vöðvanna lítið verið skoðuð. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna vöðvavirkni þeirra vöðvahópa sem koma að beygju hnéliðar við starfrænar hreyfingar hjá íþróttamönnum sem hafa fengið aftanlæris ígræðslu (HG) eftir fremra krossbandsslit. Átján knattspyrnumenn með HG ígræðslu eftir fremra krossbandsslit (rannsóknarhópur (RH); tími frá sliti 1-6 ár) og 18 aðrir sem ekki höfðu slitið (samanburðarhópur (SH)) tóku þátt í rannsókninni. Allir gengust undir vöðvarafritsmælingar með yfirborðselektróðum við framkvæmd Nordic-hamstring (NH) og TRX aftanlæris æfinga. Fjórir vöðvar voru mældir á hvorum fæti (miðlægur/hliðlægur hamstrings, miðlægur/hliðlægur kálfatvíhöfði) og söfnunartíðni 1600 Hz. Merkið var síað og kvarðað með því merki sem fékkst við hámarks ísómetrískan samdrátt (MIVC), og fjölþátta dreifnigreining (ANOVA) var notuð við tölfræðigreiningu gagna. Marktæk víxlhrif fyrir útlim og æfingu, milli hópa (pkálfatvíhöfðavöðva), á meðan vöðvavirkni hamstrings var minni en hjá kálfatvíhöfðavöðva áverkamegin, en meiri hinum megin hjá RH. Munur á vöðvavirkni RH og SH bendir til þess að breyting verði á vöðvavirkni beygjuvöðva í hné eftir fremra krossbandsslit. Óljóst er hvort það tengist krossbandsáverkanum sjálfum, eða gerist í kjölfar þess áverka sem hálfsinungsvöðvi verður fyrir við endurgerð krossbandsins

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Iceland 1992-2012

Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Laeknafelag Islands. All rights reserved.INNGANGUR Frumkomin trefjunargallgangabólga er langvinnur bólgusjúkdómur í gallvegum innan og/eða utan lifrar sem getur valdið skorpulifur, lokastigs lifrarbilun og leitt til lifrarígræðslu. Bólgusjúkdómar í meltingarvegi, fyrst og fremst sáraristilbólga, er algengur áhættuþáttur. Hæsta nýgengi fullorðinna sem hefur verið birt var 1,2- 1,3/100.000 í Noregi og Svíþjóð og 60-76% höfðu bólgusjúkdóm í meltingarvegi. Markmið þessarar fyrstu rannsóknar sjúkdómsins á Íslandi var að kanna faraldsfræði hans frá árunum 1992-2012 og afdrif sjúklinganna. AÐFERÐIR Leit var framkvæmd í gagnagrunnum Landspítala og Sjúkrahússins á Akureyri að sjúkdómsgreiningunni: K83.0, „Gallgangabólga“, frá 1992 til 2012. Að auki var gerð leit að sjúklingum með yfirferð á öllum gallvegaspeglunum og segulómunum af gallvegum sem framkvæmdar voru á Landspítala 1992-2012. Einnig var gerð textaleit bæði í gagnagrunnum beggja spítalanna og í gagnagrunni meinafræðinnar fyrir lifrarsýni. NIÐURSTÖÐUR Alls fundust 42 sjúklingar með sjúkdóminn innan umrædds tímabils. Miðgildi aldurs við greiningu var 34 ára, 67% voru karlkyns og 90% fullorðnir (≥18 ára). Meðalnýgengi á ári var 0,69/100.000 manns á rannsóknartímabilinu. Alls 88% sjúklinga reyndust vera með bólgusjúkdóm í meltingarvegi, þar af 89% sjúklinga með sáraristilbólgu. Sjö sjúklingar hafa verið greindir með krabbamein, þar af fjórir með meinið í gallgöngum og einn í gallblöðru. Innan tímabilsins dóu 5 sjúklingar (12%), 51 mánuði (miðgildi) frá greiningu og þar af þrír úr gallgangakrabbameini 51 mánuðum (miðgildi) frá greiningu. Þrír (7%) þurftu lifrarígræðslu, þar af einn í tvígang. ÁLYKTANIR Nýgengi á Íslandi reyndist lægra en í nágrannalöndum okkar í Skandinavíu. Það er óljóst hvort það stafar af vangreiningu tilfella og/eða að sjúkdómurinn sé sjaldgæfari á Íslandi en í Noregi og Svíþjóð. Alls 7% þurftu á lifrarígræðslu að halda og 12% dóu úr sjúkdómnum, aðallega vegna gallgangakrabbameins. Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease affecting the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tree with inflammation and progressive stricture formation that can lead to cirrhosis, end stage liver failure and liver transplantation. Known risk factors include inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC). Highest reported incidence in an adult population is 1.2- 1.3/100.000 in Norway and Sweden, where 60-76% have IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology of PSC in Iceland in the years 1992 to 2012 and the patients outcomes. Methods: A search for the diagnosis “cholangitis“ (ICD-10, K83.0) was performed in the database for hospital records in Landspítali (The National University Hospital of Iceland, LSH) and Akureyri Hospital from 1992 to 2012. We also looked through all ERCP and MRCP imaging done in LSH in the same period along with a text search in both the hospital records and the pathology database for liver biopsies. Data on these patients was collected until the end of 2016. Results: A total of 42 patient got the diagnosis PSC within the period. Median age at diagnosis was 34 years, 67% were male and 90% adults (≥18 years old). Mean incidence per year was 0.69/100.000. Overall 88% of patients had IBD, thereof 89% UC. Seven patients have been diagnosed with cancer, four with cancer in the bile ducts and one in the gallbladder. Within the study period a total of five patients died (12%), 51 months (median) from diagnosis and three from cholangiocarcinoma, 51 months (median) from diagnosis. Three patients (7%) underwent liver transplantation, one required a transplant two times. Conclusions: The incidence of PSC in Iceland turned out to be lower than in our neighbouring countries in Scandinavia. It is unclear if this is due to underdiagnosis or, more likely, that PSC is simply more uncommon in Iceland. Overall 7% underwent liver transplantation and 12% died within the study period, main cause of mortality being cholangiocarcinoma.Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease affecting the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tree with inflammation and progressive stricture formation that can lead to cirrhosis, end stage liver failure and liver transplantation. Known risk factors include inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC). Highest reported incidence in an adult population is 1.2-1.3/100.000 in Norway and Sweden, where 60-76% have IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology of PSC in Iceland in the years 1992 to 2012 and the patients outcomes. Methods: A search for the diagnosis “cholangitis“(ICD-10, K83.0) was performed in the database for hospital records in Landspítali (The National University Hospital of Iceland, LSH) and Akureyri Hospital from 1992 to 2012. We also looked through all ERCP and MRCP imaging done in LSH in the same period along with a text search in both the hospital records and the pathology database for liver biopsies. Data on these patients was collected until the end of 2016. Results: A total of 42 patient got the diagnosis PSC within the period. Median age at diagnosis was 34 years, 67% were male and 90% adults (≥18 years old). Mean incidence per year was 0.69/100.000. Overall 88% of patients had IBD, thereof 89% UC. Seven patients have been diagnosed with cancer, four with cancer in the bile ducts and one in the gallbladder. Within the study period a total of five patients died (12%), 51 months (median) from diagnosis and three from cholangiocarcinoma, 51 months (median) from diagnosis. Three patients (7%) underwent liver transplantation, one required a transplant two times. Conclusions: The incidence of PSC in Iceland turned out to be lower than in our neighbouring countries in Scandinavia. It is unclear if this is due to underdiagnosis or, more likely, that PSC is simply more uncommon in Iceland. Overall 7% underwent liver transplantation and 12% died within the study period, main cause of mortality being cholangiocarcinoma.Peer reviewe

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Iceland 1992-2012

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadINNGANGUR Frumkomin trefjunargallgangabólga er langvinnur bólgusjúkdómur í gallvegum innan og/eða utan lifrar sem getur valdið skorpulifur, lokastigs lifrarbilun og leitt til lifrarígræðslu. Bólgusjúkdómar í meltingarvegi, fyrst og fremst sáraristilbólga, er algengur áhættuþáttur. Hæsta nýgengi fullorðinna sem hefur verið birt var 1,2-1,3/100.000 í Noregi og Svíþjóð og 60-76% höfðu bólgusjúkdóm í meltingarvegi. Markmið þessarar fyrstu rannsóknar sjúkdómsins á Íslandi var að kanna faraldsfræði hans frá árunum 1992-2012 og afdrif sjúklinganna. AÐFERÐIR Leit var framkvæmd í gagnagrunnum Landspítala og Sjúkrahússins á Akureyri að sjúkdómsgreiningunni: K83.0, „Gallgangabólga“, frá 1992 til 2012. Að auki var gerð leit að sjúklingum með yfirferð á öllum gallvegaspeglunum og segulómunum af gallvegum sem framkvæmdar voru á Landspítala 1992-2012. Einnig var gerð textaleit bæði í gagnagrunnum beggja spítalanna og í gagnagrunni meinafræðinnar fyrir lifrarsýni. NIÐURSTÖÐUR Alls fundust 42 sjúklingar með sjúkdóminn innan umrædds tímabils. Miðgildi aldurs við greiningu var 34 ára, 67% voru karlkyns og 90% fullorðnir (≥18 ára). Meðalnýgengi á ári var 0,69/100.000 manns á rannsóknartímabilinu. Alls 88% sjúklinga reyndust vera með bólgusjúkdóm í meltingarvegi, þar af 89% sjúklinga með sáraristilbólgu. Sjö sjúklingar hafa verið greindir með krabbamein, þar af fjórir með meinið í gallgöngum og einn í gallblöðru. Innan tímabilsins dóu 5 sjúklingar (12%), 51 mánuði (miðgildi) frá greiningu og þar af þrír úr gallgangakrabbameini 51 mánuðum (miðgildi) frá greiningu. Þrír (7%) þurftu lifrarígræðslu, þar af einn í tvígang. ÁLYKTANIR Nýgengi á Íslandi reyndist lægra en í nágrannalöndum okkar í Skandinavíu. Það er óljóst hvort það stafar af vangreiningu tilfella og/eða að sjúkdómurinn sé sjaldgæfari á Íslandi en í Noregi og Svíþjóð. Alls 7% þurftu á lifrarígræðslu að halda og 12% dóu úr sjúkdómnum, aðallega vegna gallgangakrabbameins.Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease affecting the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tree with inflammation and progressive stricture formation that can lead to cirrhosis, end stage liver failure and liver transplantation. Known risk factors include inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC). Highest reported incidence in an adult population is 1.2-1.3/100.000 in Norway and Sweden, where 60-76% have IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology of PSC in Iceland in the years 1992 to 2012 and the patients outcomes. Methods: A search for the diagnosis “cholangitis“ (ICD-10, K83.0) was performed in the database for hospital records in Landspítali (The National University Hospital of Iceland, LSH) and Akureyri Hospital from 1992 to 2012. We also looked through all ERCP and MRCP imaging done in LSH in the same period along with a text search in both the hospital records and the pathology database for liver biopsies. Data on these patients was collected until the end of 2016. Results: A total of 42 patient got the diagnosis PSC within the period. Median age at diagnosis was 34 years, 67% were male and 90% adults (≥18 years old). Mean incidence per year was 0.69/100.000. Overall 88% of patients had IBD, thereof 89% UC. Seven patients have been diagnosed with cancer, four with cancer in the bile ducts and one in the gallbladder. Within the study period a total of five patients died (12%), 51 months (median) from diagnosis and three from cholangiocarcinoma, 51 months (median) from diagnosis. Three patients (7%) underwent liver transplantation, one required a transplant two times. Conclusions: The incidence of PSC in Iceland turned out to be lower than in our neighbouring countries in Scandinavia. It is unclear if this is due to underdiagnosis or, more likely, that PSC is simply more uncommon in Iceland. Overall 7% underwent liver transplantation and 12% died within the study period, main cause of mortality being cholangiocarcinoma

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Iceland 1992-2012

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadINNGANGUR Frumkomin trefjunargallgangabólga er langvinnur bólgusjúkdómur í gallvegum innan og/eða utan lifrar sem getur valdið skorpulifur, lokastigs lifrarbilun og leitt til lifrarígræðslu. Bólgusjúkdómar í meltingarvegi, fyrst og fremst sáraristilbólga, er algengur áhættuþáttur. Hæsta nýgengi fullorðinna sem hefur verið birt var 1,2-1,3/100.000 í Noregi og Svíþjóð og 60-76% höfðu bólgusjúkdóm í meltingarvegi. Markmið þessarar fyrstu rannsóknar sjúkdómsins á Íslandi var að kanna faraldsfræði hans frá árunum 1992-2012 og afdrif sjúklinganna. AÐFERÐIR Leit var framkvæmd í gagnagrunnum Landspítala og Sjúkrahússins á Akureyri að sjúkdómsgreiningunni: K83.0, „Gallgangabólga“, frá 1992 til 2012. Að auki var gerð leit að sjúklingum með yfirferð á öllum gallvegaspeglunum og segulómunum af gallvegum sem framkvæmdar voru á Landspítala 1992-2012. Einnig var gerð textaleit bæði í gagnagrunnum beggja spítalanna og í gagnagrunni meinafræðinnar fyrir lifrarsýni. NIÐURSTÖÐUR Alls fundust 42 sjúklingar með sjúkdóminn innan umrædds tímabils. Miðgildi aldurs við greiningu var 34 ára, 67% voru karlkyns og 90% fullorðnir (≥18 ára). Meðalnýgengi á ári var 0,69/100.000 manns á rannsóknartímabilinu. Alls 88% sjúklinga reyndust vera með bólgusjúkdóm í meltingarvegi, þar af 89% sjúklinga með sáraristilbólgu. Sjö sjúklingar hafa verið greindir með krabbamein, þar af fjórir með meinið í gallgöngum og einn í gallblöðru. Innan tímabilsins dóu 5 sjúklingar (12%), 51 mánuði (miðgildi) frá greiningu og þar af þrír úr gallgangakrabbameini 51 mánuðum (miðgildi) frá greiningu. Þrír (7%) þurftu lifrarígræðslu, þar af einn í tvígang. ÁLYKTANIR Nýgengi á Íslandi reyndist lægra en í nágrannalöndum okkar í Skandinavíu. Það er óljóst hvort það stafar af vangreiningu tilfella og/eða að sjúkdómurinn sé sjaldgæfari á Íslandi en í Noregi og Svíþjóð. Alls 7% þurftu á lifrarígræðslu að halda og 12% dóu úr sjúkdómnum, aðallega vegna gallgangakrabbameins.Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease affecting the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tree with inflammation and progressive stricture formation that can lead to cirrhosis, end stage liver failure and liver transplantation. Known risk factors include inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC). Highest reported incidence in an adult population is 1.2-1.3/100.000 in Norway and Sweden, where 60-76% have IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiology of PSC in Iceland in the years 1992 to 2012 and the patients outcomes. Methods: A search for the diagnosis “cholangitis“ (ICD-10, K83.0) was performed in the database for hospital records in Landspítali (The National University Hospital of Iceland, LSH) and Akureyri Hospital from 1992 to 2012. We also looked through all ERCP and MRCP imaging done in LSH in the same period along with a text search in both the hospital records and the pathology database for liver biopsies. Data on these patients was collected until the end of 2016. Results: A total of 42 patient got the diagnosis PSC within the period. Median age at diagnosis was 34 years, 67% were male and 90% adults (≥18 years old). Mean incidence per year was 0.69/100.000. Overall 88% of patients had IBD, thereof 89% UC. Seven patients have been diagnosed with cancer, four with cancer in the bile ducts and one in the gallbladder. Within the study period a total of five patients died (12%), 51 months (median) from diagnosis and three from cholangiocarcinoma, 51 months (median) from diagnosis. Three patients (7%) underwent liver transplantation, one required a transplant two times. Conclusions: The incidence of PSC in Iceland turned out to be lower than in our neighbouring countries in Scandinavia. It is unclear if this is due to underdiagnosis or, more likely, that PSC is simply more uncommon in Iceland. Overall 7% underwent liver transplantation and 12% died within the study period, main cause of mortality being cholangiocarcinoma

Large-Scale Screening for Monogenic and Clinically Defined Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Iceland.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadObjective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is traditionally defined as a monogenic disease characterized by severely elevated LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels. In practice, FH is commonly a clinical diagnosis without confirmation of a causative mutation. In this study, we sought to characterize and compare monogenic and clinically defined FH in a large sample of Icelanders. Approach and Results: We whole-genome sequenced 49 962 Icelanders and imputed the identified variants into an overall sample of 166 281 chip-genotyped Icelanders. We identified 20 FH mutations in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 with combined prevalence of 1 in 836. Monogenic FH was associated with severely elevated LDL-C levels and increased risk of premature coronary disease, aortic valve stenosis, and high burden of coronary atherosclerosis. We used a modified version of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria to screen for the clinical FH phenotype among living adult participants (N=79 058). Clinical FH was found in 2.2% of participants, of whom only 5.2% had monogenic FH. Mutation-negative clinical FH has a strong polygenic basis. Both individuals with monogenic FH and individuals with mutation-negative clinical FH were markedly undertreated with cholesterol-lowering medications and only a minority attained an LDL-C target of <2.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL; 11.0% and 24.9%, respectively) or <1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 0.0% and 5.2%, respectively), as recommended for primary prevention by European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society cholesterol guidelines. Conclusions: Clinically defined FH is a relatively common phenotype that is explained by monogenic FH in only a minority of cases. Both monogenic and clinical FH confer high cardiovascular risk but are markedly undertreated.Landspitali University Hospital Research Fun