Teaching End-of-Life Care in Speech-Language Pathology: A Tutorial

Speech-language pathologists often lack preparation for working with patients near the end of life (EoL). Few academic training programs offer dedicated or sufficient content in the area of end-of-life care (EoLC). Furthermore, traditional knowledge-focused outcomes are not the most effective pedagogical strategy in teaching EoL and palliative care to students. Instead, a focus on self-awareness and personal beliefs in relation to death and dying have been shown to have a positive effect on attitudes toward EoLC. The purposes of this paper are three-fold: First, to explore what is known about the teaching and training of EoL in the discipline of speech-language pathology; second, to explore successful pedagogical strategies being used to teach this content; and third, to provide evidence-based suggestions for the inclusion of this content into speech-language pathology curriculum

Use of an "Intelligent Knife" (iknife), Based on the Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry Technology, for Authenticity Assessment of Pistachio Samples

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Get privacy trending: Best practices for the social media educator

Social media is an increasingly popular forum for medical education. Many educators, including those in infectious diseases, are now creating and sharing unique and educational patient cases online. Unfortunately, some educators unknowingly threaten patient privacy and open themselves to legal liability. Further, the use of published figures or tables creates risk of copyright infringement. As more and more infectious diseases physicians engage in social media, it is imperative to create best practices to protect both patients and physicians. This summary will define the legal requirements of patient de-identification as well as other practical recommendations as they relate to use of clinical case information, patient images, and attribution of primary references on social media

At-line boar taint classification by means of Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (REIMS)

Increasing awareness of animal welfare has led to a European incentive to ban the surgical castration of piglets. A valid alternative for castration is the rearing of entire male pigs, but this allows the (re)occurrence of boar taint, an off-odour in meat from entire boars (1). Hence, due to adverse consumer reactions to pork with boar taint, the rearing of entire boars requires valid boar taint mitigation strategies. However, the introduction of Rapid Evaporative Ionisation MS (REIMS) offers compelling perspectives for the rapid as well as accurate at-line detection of boar taint by significantly reducing analysis time and workload, yet enhancing research output and efficiency (2). In this study, REIMS was used as a direct analysis technique to train predictive models for identification of boar taint above the odour threshold (based on sensory (soldering iron method) as well as chemical analysis (UHPLC-HRMS analysis of indole, skatole and androstenone levels) 3. Adipose tissue was sampled using a prototype bipolar handheld sampling device connected directly to a Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF system equipped with REIMS source (Fig. 1). The results demonstrate that untargeted mass spectrometric profiling in negative ionisation mode enables the construction of predictive models using LiveID, AMX and Simca (Q2 = 0.547, R2Y = 0.652 and p = 0) for the classification of carcasses according to boar taint status based on alterations in lipid profiles. As REIMS eliminates sample pre-treatment with analysis taking < 10 seconds, it offers significant potential as the first technique enabling accurate in-situ detection of boar taint. REIMS is a promising and highly innovative tool for several types of food quality and safety applications, furthermore allowing us to move state-of-the-art equipment and applications from bench to production site. Acknowledgments: This research was partly funded by the Flemish Government, department of animal welfare (LNE/STG/DWZ/16/11). References: [1] K. Verplanken, Ghent University PhD dissertation, (2018) 1-15. [2] K. Verplanken et al., Talanta, 169 (2017) 30–36. [3] K. Bekaert et al., Journal of Chromatography A, 1239 (2012) 49-55

Resistance to the Antimicrobial Peptide Polymyxin Requires Myristoylation of Escherichia Coli and Salmonella Typhimurium Lipid A

Attachment of positively charged, amine-containing residues such as 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose (L-Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium lipid A is required for resistance to the cationic antimicrobial peptide, polymyxin. In an attempt to discover additional lipid A modifications important for polymyxin resistance, we generated polymyxin-sensitive mutants of an E. coli pmrAC strain, WD101. A subset of polymyxin-sensitive mutants produced a lipid A that lacked both the 3′-acyloxyacyl-linked myristate (C14) and L-Ara4N, even though the necessary enzymatic machinery required to synthesize L-Ara4N-modified lipid A was present. Inactivation of lpxM in both E. coli and S. typhimurium resulted in the loss of L-Ara4N addition, as well as, increased sensitivity to polymyxin. However, decoration of the lipid A phosphate groups with pEtN residues was not effected in lpxM mutants. In summary, we demonstrate that attachment of L-Ara4N to the phosphate groups of lipid A and the subsequent resistance to polymyxin is dependent upon the presence of the secondary linked myristoyl group

Impact of standardised packaging in the UK on warning salience, appeal, harm perceptions and cessation-related behaviours: A longitudinal online survey

Introduction In the UK, since 20 May 2017, tobacco companies must sell cigarettes and rolling tobacco in standardised packs. Methods Three waves of a longitudinal online survey with smokers (≥16) before standardised packaging (wave 1 (W1): April to May 2016) and after standardised packaging (wave 2 (W2): September to November 2017; wave 3 (W3): May to July 2019). Of the 6233 smokers at W1, 4293 responded at W2 and 3175 at W3. We explored smokers’ response to warning salience, appeal (appeal, quality, value, satisfaction and taste compared with a year ago), harm (harmfulness compared with a year ago, harm compared with other brands and whether some brands have more harmful substances), and quit plans, attempts and quitting. Results Compared with W1, the proportions noticing warnings first on packs, and rating cigarettes/rolling tobacco less appealing and worse value than a year ago, were higher at W2 and W3. Disagreeing that some brands contain more harmful substances was higher at W2. Interactions between social grade and survey wave for warning salience, and each appeal and harm outcome, were non-significant. Smokers switching from not noticing warnings first at W1 to noticing warnings first at W2, or who had a lower composite appeal score at W2, were more likely to plan to quit and to have made a quit attempt at W2. Smokers who switched to disagreeing that some brands contain more harmful substances at W2, after giving a different response at W1, were more likely to quit at W3. Conclusions Standardised packaging appears to be having the intended impacts.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin

The response of smokers to health warnings on packs in the United Kingdom and Norway following the introduction of standardized packaging

Introduction Standardised packaging was phased in between May 2016 and May 2017 in the UK and July 2017 and July 2018 in Norway. In both countries the health warnings on packs prior to standardised packaging being implemented were from the former Tobacco Products Directive library of warnings (text warnings covering 43% of the pack front and pictorial warnings covering 53% of the pack reverse). The warnings on packs, post-implementation, were from the current Tobacco Products Directive library of warnings (novel pictorial warnings covering 65% of the pack front and reverse) for the UK but unchanged in Norway. Methods Longitudinal online surveys were conducted prior to standardised packaging (UK: April-May 2016; Norway: May-June 2017) and post-implementation (UK: October-November 2017; Norway: August-September 2018). We explored smokers’ response to the on-pack warnings (salience, cognitive reactions, behavioural reactions). Results In the UK, noticing warnings on packs, reading or looking closely at them, thinking about them, thinking about the health risks, avoidant behaviours, forgoing cigarettes and being more likely to quit due to the warnings significantly increased from waves 1 to 2, and then decreased from waves 2 to 3, but remained higher than at wave 1. In Norway, noticing warnings, reading or looking closely at them, thinking about them, thinking about the health risks, and being more likely to quit due to the warnings significantly decreased from waves 1 to 2; avoidant behaviours and forgoing cigarettes remained unchanged. Conclusions The inclusion of large novel pictorial warnings on standardised packs increases warning salience and effectiveness. Implications Two longitudinal online surveys in the UK and Norway explored the impact of standardised packaging on warning salience and effectiveness. That warning salience and effectiveness only increased in the UK post-implementation, where standardised packaging was implemented alongside new larger pictorial warnings on the pack front and reverse, and not in Norway, where standardised packaging was introduced but older smaller text warnings (pack front) and pictorial warnings (pack reverse) were retained, highlights the importance of removing full branding and introducing stronger warnings simultaneousl