Los hermanos Goujaud Bonpland: dos enfoques complementarios del conocimiento botánico

French botanists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries deeply influenced the discovery and description of plant diversity in the Neotropics. Most of them studied medicine or pharmacy, for which systematics and comparative morphology played an extremely important role in the comprehension of useful plants. Some of them took courses by the most renowned European botanists and later themselves became the foremost scientists in charge of naming the plant diversity of most American countries. This article highlights the major contributions of the Goujaud Bonpland brothers to botany and describes the different ways they influenced the natural sciences at a local, regional and planetary scale.Los botánicos franceses de finales del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX influenciaron profundamente el descubrimiento y la descripción de la diversidad vegetal que alberga la región Neotropical. La mayoría de estos botánicos realizaron estudios de medicina o farmacia, en el marco de los cuales la sistemática y la morfología comparativa jugaron un rol muy importante en la comprensión de la utilidad de las plantas. De esta manera, algunos de ellos tomaron cursos impartidos por los más reconocidos botánicos europeos y se convirtieron posteriormente en importantes investigadores a cargo de la identificación de la diversidad vegetal de la mayoría de los países americanos. La presente contribución pone en evidencia el aporte de los hermanos Goujaud Bonpland y describe las diferentes maneras en las que influenciaron los estudios de ciencias naturales a nivel local, regional y mundial

Microactuators based on ion implanted dielectric electroactive polymer (EAP) membranes

We report on the first successfully microfabricated and tested ion-implanted dielectric electroactive polymer (EAP or DEAP) actuators. Dieletric EAP (DEAP) actuators combine exceptionally high energy-density with large amplitude displacements [1,2]. Scaling DEAPs down to the milimeter and micron scale requires patterning compliant electrodes on such a scale on the surfaces of the polymer. We used ion implantation to make the surfaces of the polymer locally conducting. Implanting the compliant electrodes solves the problem of microfabricating patterned electrodes whose elasticity is close to that of the insulating elastomer, thus avoiding the deposition of metal electrodes on the polymer which leads to significant stiffening of the membrane [3]. Several techniques based on ion implantation for chip level and wafer level fabrication are presented. Ion implanted DEAP membranes were both simulated (FEM) and characterized. We report measurements on an actuator consisting of a 30-um-thick ion implanted PDMS membrane bonded to a silicon chip into which a cavity had been etched. We measured 110 um vertical displacements for a 0.72 mm2 square membrane, achieving for the first time the same percent displacement in microscopic EAPs as in macroscopic devices. These observations show that ion implantation allows the patterning of electrodes on PDMS membranes with negligible increase in stiffness

Labyrinthus, Oder: Irr-Garten Päpstischer Lehre

LABYRINTHUS, ODER: IRR-GARTEN PÄPSTISCHER LEHRE Labyrinthus, Oder: Irr-Garten Päpstischer Lehre ([1]r) Einband ( - ) Titelseite ([1]r) Text ([2]r

[Stammbuch Sigismund Heinrich Hüls] / Sigismundus Henricus Hülsius

[STAMMBUCH SIGISMUND HEINRICH HÜLS] / SIGISMUNDUS HENRICUS HÜLSIUS [Stammbuch Sigismund Heinrich Hüls] / Sigismundus Henricus Hülsius ( - ) Einband ( - ) Besitzvermerk (7v 8r) Steenbock, Friedrich; Blatt 89 (88v 89r) Falckner, Johann Christoph; Blatt 97 (96v 97r) Hammer, Georg Reichard; Blatt 103 (102v 103r) Linck, Heinrich; Blatt 189 (188v 189r) Holtzschuher, Christoph Engelhard; Blatt 191 (190v 191r) Rollwagen, Jacob Friedrich; Blatt 200 (200v 201r) Beyer, Andreas; Blatt 213 (212v 213r) Frümel, Martin; Blatt 216 (215v 216r) Schmid, Balthasar; Blatt 227 (226v 227r) Hartmann, Franziskus Thomas; Blatt 231 (230v 231r) Erasmi, Otto Johann; Blatt 231 (231v 232r) Evers, Gerhard; Blatt 232 (231v 232r) Kininmondt, Robert; Blatt 234 (233v 234r) Persius von Lonsdorff, Ernst Julius; Blatt 235 (234v 235r) Stauffer, Johann Ferdinand; Blatt 245 (244v 245r) Camerarius, Benedict; Blatt 248 (247v 248r) Hoffmann, Christian; Blatt 261 (260v 261r) Wirz, Adolph; Blatt 269 (268v 269r) Finck, Johann Martin; Blatt 272 (271v 272r) Seiter, Johann Andreas; Blatt 273 (272v 273r) Erdinger, Wolfgang Friedrich; Blatt 276 (275v 276r) Walther, Christian; Blatt 277 (276v 277r) Iselin, German; Blatt 278 (277v 278r) Müller, Johann Daniel; Blatt 281 (280v 281r) Unbekannt, Blatt 282 (281v 282r) Sommerfeld, Alexander von; Blatt 283 (282v 283r) Gumpelzheimer, Johann Albert; Blatt 284 (283v 284r) Unbekannt, Blatt 284v (284v 285r) Löffelholtz von Colberg, Johann Dietrich; Blatt 285 (284v 285r) Schlüsselfelder, Johann Carl; Blatt 286 (285v 286r) Fedeler, Conrad; Blatt 287 (286v 287r) Wolff, Jacob; Blatt 288 (287v 288r) Fetzer, Johann Paul; Blatt 290 (289v 290r) Reich, Jacob Christoph; Blatt 291 (291v 292r) Mueg, Georg Friedrich; Blatt 292 (291v 292r) Reich, Joachim; Blatt 292 (292v 293r) Endter, Johann Michael; Blatt 294 (293v 294r) Fuchs, Georg Ferdinand; Blatt 294 (294v 295r) Cölln, Johann Hieronymus von; Blatt 295 (294v 295r) Lutz, Johann Joachim; Blatt 296 (295v 296r) Dreher, Georg Paul; Blatt 296 (296v 297r) Gammersfelder, Joachim Sigismund; Blatt 297 (296v 297r) Mair, Johann Michael; Blatt 297 (297v 298r) Krannöst, Gottlieb; Blatt 298 (297v 298r) Götsche, Michael; Blatt 299 (298v 299r) Haller von Hallerstein, Jakob Bilibald; Blatt 300 (300v 301r) Ebner, Friedrich Wilhelm; Blatt 301 (300v 301r) Cöper, Heinrich; Blatt 302 (301v 302r) Nicolai, Heinrich; Blatt 303 (302v 303r) Wurffbain, Sigismund Ludwig; Blatt 325 (324v 325r) Wetzel, Johann Caspar; Blatt 325 (324v 325r

Discovery of Novel Allosteric, Non-Bisphosphonate Inhibitors of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase by Integrated Lead Finding

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is an established target for bone diseases, but also shows promise as an anticancer and anti-infective drug target. Currently available anti-FPPS drugs are active-site directed bisphosphonate inhibitors whose peculiar pharmacological profile is inadequate for therapeutic indications beyond bone diseases. The recent discovery of an allosteric binding site has paved the way towards the development of novel, non-bisphosphonate FPPS inhibitors with broader therapeutic potential, notably as immuno-modulators in oncology. Herein we report the discovery of two new classes of allosteric FPPS inhibitors by an integrated lead finding approach. We present their synthesis, biochemical and cellular activity, structure-activity relationships, and provide X-ray structures of several representative FPPS complexes