Lime Needs and Trends in Arkansas

Consumption of agricultural lime in Arkansas declined significantly during the past seven years. During each of the past four years, lime consumption was lower than any time since 1960. The quantity of lime needed for optimum crop production on Arkansas\u27 soils is estimated to be 2,678,700 metric tons (MT) (3,000,000 tons), based on University of Arkansas soil testing summaries. Since 1980, less than 285,728 MT(320,000 tons) of lime have been used each year. It is the natural tendency for most soils in Arkansas to become more acidic with time. Periodic addition of agricultural limestone, however, can neutralize soil acidity and help to maintain soil productivity. Nitrogen fertilizers, applied for the production of most agricultural crops, may also contribute to the acidification of soils. The annual consumption of acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers in Arkansas increased from approximately 223,225 MT(250,000 tons) during fiscal year 1974-75 to about 392,876 MT(440,000 tons) by fiscal year 1983-84. At least 2.5 times more lime was needed than was used, just to neutralize the residual acidity from acid-forming nitrogen fertilizers alone, during the same period. Shifts in crop hectareages did not account for the magnitude of decline observed in lime consumption. If lime consumption does not increase in the future, and if acid-forming nitrogen fertilizer consumption follows the current increasing trend, soil acidity will cause a decline in the yields of acid-sensitive crops

Alien Registration- Chapman, Stanley (Caribou, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/26155/thumbnail.jp

Fly Ash as a Fertilizer and Lime Source in Arkansas

Percent calcium carbonate equivalent (neutralizing value) of five fly ash samples ranged from 34 to 41. Field soils at three sites were treated with fly ash at rates that ranged from 1 to 6 tons per acre. Fly ash applications had opposite effects on extractable P, B, Fe, and Cu at Sites 1 and 2. A three-fold increase in total B occurred in wheat plants taken from one field treated with fly ash. At Site 3 test results of soil samples collected three, six, nine and twelve months after treatment showed that 2 tons of agricultural limestone was equivalent to 4 to 6 tons of fly ash in raising soil pH. Most of the chemical changes occurred in the upper 2.5 cm of soil and within three months after treatment

Industrialization and Production: A Bibliographic Survey

Textile historians have not unnaturally focused on the regions and periods of most dramatic change—Flanders in the Middle Ages, Leiden in the seventeenth century, the Loire Valley in the eighteenth century, Lancashire and Yorkshire in the Industrial Revolution—neglecting declining regions and periods of stagnation. More attention needs to be given to other periods, particularly the early modern period and the twentieth century, and the less obvious but important textile centres; for example, London, Dublin and Saxony. Research may prove to be more fruitful if directed towards major themes. A few of these, such as capital, proto-industrialization, demographic change, have been the subject of some intense academic work, but others have been relatively neglected, including entrepre-neurship, markets and labour. Perhaps the most promising area may be based on team work and called 'cross-themes'; that is, fashion and industrial change, labour and technology, imperialism and markets, and international comparisons. Materials exist for this research, though some archives are too difficult or inaccessible for research students. They include insurance inventories, court records, census enumerators' returns, business records, bank archives and legal registers. For recent periods oral testimony, museum artifacts and machinery offer a neglected field of opportunity. Résumé Les historiens du textile ont bien natu-rellement concentré leur attention sur les régions et époques qui ont connu les chan-gements les plus spectaculaires : les Flandres au moyen âge, Ley de au XVIIe siècle, la vallée de la Loire au XVIIIe, le Lancashire et le Yorkshire à l'époque de la révolution indus-trielle, laissant de côté les régions en déclin et les périodes de stagnation. Il faudrait s'in-téresser davantage à d'autres époques, en particulier au début de l'époque moderne et au XXe siècle, ainsi qu'à d'autres centres textiles importants qui ne viennent pas spontanément à l'esprit, par exemple Londres, Dublin et la Saxe. La recherche pourra s'avérer plus fruc-tueuse si on l'axe sur des thèmes majeurs. Certains de ces thèmes, tels le capital, la proto-industrialisation et l'évolution démo-graphique, ont été abondamment exploités en milieu universitaire, mais d'autres ont été relativement négligés, par exemple l'entre-preneurship, les débouchés et le travail. L'orientation la plus prometteuse peut-être serait la recherche en équipe qu'on pourrait qualifier de «interthématique», c'est-à-dire où l'on recouperait la mode et l'évolution industrielle, le travail et la technologie ainsi que l'impérialisme et les débouchés, et où l'on ferait des comparaisons à l'échelle internationale. Les matériaux nécessaires à la recherche sont là, quoique certaines archives soient d'un abord trop difficile, voire inaccessibles, pour des chercheurs étudiants. La documentation comprend des inventaires pour fins d'assu-rance, des registres d'audience, des données recueillies par les recenseurs officiels, des archives d'entreprise, des archives bancaires et des registres d'état civil. Pour les périodes récentes, les témoignages oraux, les machines et les artefacts conservés dans les musées sont des sources sous-exploitées

Changes in Soil Chemistry Beneath Exposed Poultry House Pads and Manure Storage Areas

Concerns about nitrates in private drinking water supplies in the older poultry growing areas of Arkansas prompted soil and water testing in the early 1990\u27s. Exposed poultry house pads were recognized as a potential source of nitrates in the groundwater. Soils beneath nine different poultry house pads in five counties were sampled in 10-30 cm increments to bedrock or to a maximum sampling depth of 90 cm. The nine sites had been exposed to natural weathering conditions ranging from never to for more than 20 years. Routine soil tests were conducted by the University of Arkansas Soil Testing Lab at Marianna according to standard methods (Mehlich III extractant). The relatively immobile elements P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were mainly concentrated in the upper part of the soil profiles (0-30 cm). The more leachable NO3-N, K, and SO4-S were generally found throughout the soil profile. Sodium was found in high concentrations throughout the soil profile at two sites. This study shows that nitrate-N, potassium, and sulfate-S from exposed poultry house pads and manure storage areas have the potential of leaching into groundwater. The other eight elements tested do not pose a threat of leaching, but are possible surface water contaminants

Changes in Soil Chemistry Beneath Exposed Poultry House Pads and Manure Storage Areas

Concerns about nitrates in private drinking water supplies in the older poultry growing areas of Arkansas prompted soil and water testing in the early 1990\u27s. Exposed poultry house pads were recognized as a potential source of nitrates in the groundwater. Soils beneath nine different poultry house pads in five counties were sampled in 10-30 cm increments to bedrock or to a maximum sampling depth of 90 cm. The nine sites had been exposed to natural weathering conditions ranging from never to for more than 20 years. Routine soil tests were conducted by the University of Arkansas Soil Testing Lab at Marianna according to standard methods (Mehlich III extractant). The relatively immobile elements P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were mainly concentrated in the upper part of the soil profiles (0-30 cm). The more leachable NO3-N, K, and SO4-S were generally found throughout the soil profile. Sodium was found in high concentrations throughout the soil profile at two sites. This study shows that nitrate-N, potassium, and sulfate-S from exposed poultry house pads and manure storage areas have the potential of leaching into groundwater. The other eight elements tested do not pose a threat of leaching, but are possible surface water contaminants

Football goal distributions and extremal statistics

We analyse the distributions of the number of goals scored by home teams, away teams, and the total scored in the match, in domestic football games from 169 countries between 1999 and 2001. The probability density functions (PDFs) of goals scored are too heavy-tailed to be fitted over their entire ranges by Poisson or negative binomial distributions which would be expected for uncorrelated processes. Log-normal distributions cannot include zero scores and here we find that the PDFs are consistent with those arising from extremal statistics. In addition, we show that it is sufficient to model English top division and FA Cup matches in the seasons of 1970/71–2000/01 on Poisson or negative binomial distributions, as reported in analyses of earlier seasons, and that these are not consistent with extremal statistics

The application of deep eutectic solvent ionic liquids for environmentally-friendly dissolution and recovery of precious metals

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: The application of deep eutectic solvent ionic liquids for environmentally-friendly dissolution and recovery of precious metals journaltitle: Minerals Engineering articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.09.026 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)