Безпілотні літальні апарати в космосі

Recent years have shown a rapid increase in air traffic. Unmanned Air Vehicles will deteriorate this situation. For this reason, Air Traffic Management should be adopt Unmanned Air Vehicles, than Unmanned Air Vehicles flights within Controlled Airspace, Uncontrolled Airspace and Special Use AirspaceПоказано, что полеты беспилотных летательных аппаратов могут резко увеличить интенсивность воздушных сообщений. Предложено учредить службу управления воздушным движением беспилотных летательных аппаратов, которая будет разрешать полеты в контролируемом, неконтролируемом и специальном воздушном пространствеПоказано, що польоти літальних апаратів можуть збільшити інтенсивність повітряних сполучень. Запропоновано запровадити службу керівництва повітряним рухом безпілотних літальних апаратів, яка буде дозволяти польоти в контрольованому, неконтрольованому і спеціальному повітряному простор

Principle and data analysis of vertical angle calibration of geodetic instruments

Many opto-electronic digital instruments, such as rotary encoders, theodolites, total stations, laser trackers, etc. are used in machine engineering and instrumentation, geodesy, surveying, robotics and other branches of industry. Most of optical-electronic geodetic measuring instruments consist, among the other elements, of the circular scales and angular transducers for angle determination in two perpendicular planes – horizontal and vertical. Accuracy of the instrument mostly depends on the accuracy of these means for angle measurement. Even if calibration of horizontal angle measurement instrumentation can be relatively easily solved implementing rotary tables of different constriction the calibration of vertical angle measurement instrumentation is still a very complicated and not easily solvable task. Here in this paper we present a review and some simple means and methods that can be used in the angle measurement metrology, especially in vertical plane angle calibration. The results of the experimental calibration with the brief errors analysis and possibilities of accuracy increase of tested instrument are also give

Research of positioning accuracy of robot MOTOMAN SSF2000

Research of the dynamic properties, positioning precision and repeatability of MOTOMAN SSF2000 movement is presented in this article. Dynamic properties were analyzed using a mobile equipment of measuring „Machine Diagnostic Toolbox Type 9727“ with a DELL notebook. The manipulator vibrations were measured in two robot’s positions: vertical and horizontal, and at three different speeds. The research was made under three different conditions, changing the tool mass and spee

Rescue of Degradation-Prone Mutants of the FK506-Rapamycin Binding (FRB) Protein with Chemical Ligands

We recently reported that certain mutations in the FK506-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain disrupt its stability in vitro and in vivo (Stankunas et al. Mol. Cell , 2003 , 12 , 1615). To determine the precise residues that cause instability, we calculated the folding free energy (Δ G ) of a collection of FRB mutants by measuring their intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence during reversible chaotropic denaturation. Our results implicate the T2098L point mutation as a key determinant of instability. Further, we found that some of the mutants in this collection were destabilised by up to 6 kcal mol −1 relative to the wild type. To investigate how these mutants behave in cells, we expressed firefly luciferase fused to FRB mutants in African green monkey kidney (COS) cell lines and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). When unstable FRB mutants were used, we found that the protein levels and the luminescence intensities were low. However, addition of a chemical ligand for FRB, rapamycin, restored luciferase activity. Interestingly, we found a roughly linear relationship between the Δ G of the FRB mutants calculated in vitro and the relative chemical rescue in cells. Because rapamycin is capable of simultaneously binding both FRB and the chaperone, FK506-binding protein (FKBP), we next examined whether FKBP might contribute to the protection of FRB mutants. Using both in vitro experiments and a cell-based model, we found that FKBP stabilizes the mutants. These findings are consistent with recent models that suggest damage to intrinsic Δ G can be corrected by pharmacological chaperones. Further, these results provide a collection of conditionally stable fusion partners for use in controlling protein stability.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56088/1/1162_ftp.pd

The prevalence of self-reported underuse of medications due to cost for the elderly: Results from seven European urban communities

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported underuse of medications due to procurement costs amongst older persons from seven European urban communities. Methods: The data were collected in a cross-sectional study (“ABUEL, Elder abuse: A multinational prevalence survey”) in 2009. Randomly selected people aged 60–84 years (n = 4,467) from seven urban communities: Stuttgart (Germany), Athens (Greece), Ancona (Italy), Kaunas (Lithuania), Porto (Portugal), Granada (Spain) and Stockholm (Sweden) were interviewed. Response rate - 45.2 %. Ethical permission was received in each country. Results: The results indicate that 3.6 % (n = 162) of the respondents self-reported refraining from buying prescribed medications due to cost. The highest prevalence of this problem was identified in Lithuania (15.7 %, n = 99) and Portugal (4.3 %, n = 28). Other countries reported lower percentages of refraining from buying medications (Germany – 2.0 %, Italy – 1.6 %, Sweden – 1.0 %, Greece – 0.6 %, Spain – 0.3 %). Females refrained more often from buying medications than males (2.6 % vs. 4.4 %, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of this refraining tended to increase with economic hardship. Discussion: These differences between countries can be only partly described by the financing of health-care systems. In spite of the presence of cost reimbursement mechanisms, patients need to make co-payments (or in some cases to pay the full price) for prescribed medications. This indicates that the purchasing power of people in 10.1186/s12913-015-1089-4 the particular country can play a major role and be related with the economic situation in the country. Lithuania, which has reported the highest refrain rates, had the lowest gross domestic product (at the time of conducting this study) of all participating countries in the study. Conclusions: Refraining from buying the prescribed medications due to cost is a problem for women and men in respect to ageing people in Europe. Prevalence varies by country, sex, and economic hardship.The ABUEL was supported by the Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (EAHC) (Grant No., A/2007123) and participating institutions

Research of positioning accuracy of robot MOTOMAN SSF2000

Research of the dynamic properties, positioning precision and repeatability of MOTOMAN SSF2000 movement is presented in this article. Dynamic properties were analyzed using a mobile equipment of measuring „Machine Diagnostic Toolbox Type 9727“ with a DELL notebook. The manipulator vibrations were measured in two robot’s positions: vertical and horizontal, and at three different speeds. The research was made under three different conditions, changing the tool mass and spee

Research of positioning accuracy of robot MOTOMAN SSF2000

Research of the dynamic properties, positioning precision and repeatability of MOTOMAN SSF2000 movement is presented in this article. Dynamic properties were analyzed using a mobile equipment of measuring „Machine Diagnostic Toolbox Type 9727“ with a DELL notebook. The manipulator vibrations were measured in two robot’s positions: vertical and horizontal, and at three different speeds. The research was made under three different conditions, changing the tool mass and spee

The sound wave displacement-based ultrasonic meter dependence on various atmospheric factors

The dependence of speed of ultrasound in air on various climatic factors operating in the atmosphere has a significant impact on the accuracy of the ultrasonic flow measurement method. The article examines how to analyse, calculate and form mathematical formulas for air speed dependencies on all foreseen atmospheric factors that can affect the accuracy and results of measurements. The results obtained will be used for creating a mathematical model in MATLAB environment. The examination of a great number of sources suggests that a mathematical model of the speed of sound evaluating various influencing factors in a wide range has not been created until now. The article provides a partial analysis on this issue that would be applicable only for a partial application of the model used for an acoustic impulse mete

The sound wave displacement-based ultrasonic meter dependence on various atmospheric factors

The dependence of speed of ultrasound in air on various climatic factors operating in the atmosphere has a significant impact on the accuracy of the ultrasonic flow measurement method. The article examines how to analyse, calculate and form mathematical formulas for air speed dependencies on all foreseen atmospheric factors that can affect the accuracy and results of measurements. The results obtained will be used for creating a mathematical model in MATLAB environment. The examination of a great number of sources suggests that a mathematical model of the speed of sound evaluating various influencing factors in a wide range has not been created until now. The article provides a partial analysis on this issue that would be applicable only for a partial application of the model used for an acoustic impulse mete

Formalization of the observations of the sea level variations using XML data schemas and scalable vector graphics format

XML (Extended Markup Language) Data Schemas as the format for information exchange in graphical SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format is presented in the paper. SVG file format is a language for two-dimensional graphics and is based on XML. It is suggested to apply it as the advanced version of previous data exchange format TGINEX (Tide Gauge Independent Exchange Format), which contains the plain ASCII data. SVG graphics are formatted from the observations of sea level observations by the tide gauges. As an example, the formalization of data is shown on the base of the sea level observing station KLPD, which is a part of the European Sea Level Service network. XML Data Schemas, in addition, adds header’s information about the marine measurements' site, sensors and any additional necessary information. The correct header formation and the advantages of such data exchange format are analysed. Header is important for exchange between different sites from different countries as so it would be information standartization. Visual appearance of the SVG file, the source, headers and formation of the file in script are described in this paper als