Gothic Elements in Representations of a Pandemic: Borislav Pekic’s Rabies

The paper deals with the Gothic elements in the representation of a pandemic based on the 1983 novel Besnilo (‘Rabies’) by Serbian author Borislav Pekic. The authors start from the premise that the elements ‘borrowed’ from the Gothic genre play a key role in creating the main plot of the novel: a catastrophe caused by an extremely contagious and deadly man-manipulated version of the rabies virus. The theoretical framework is based on Fred Botting’s (1995) and Jerrold E. Hogle’s (2002) views of Gothic writing as a diffused mode that exceeds genres and categories and contributes its various elements to various literary forms. Furthermore, Gothic elements characteristic of Gothic science fiction, such as madness, monstrosity, the Mad Scientist, people meddling with nature with catastrophic consequences, the apocalyptic vision of human future and “the removal of man from his natural, living state and entry instead into a state of being neither completely human or monster, and neither fully alive or completely dead” (MacArthur 2015: 79) are traced in the novel and analysed in the context of literary representations of a pandemic. As Pekic’s novel is a mixture of various genres and is often defined and described as a horror thriller novel, an attempt is made to offer a new reading that would consider its constituent Gothic elements against a backdrop of the deeply and inherently human drama of the everlasting struggle between good and evil. Thus, pandemics are represented as a kind of catalyst that exposes both deeply human and rational, and deeply inhuman and irrational, impulses, leaving the final outcome of that struggle uncertain

Nostalgia in John Cheever’s The Housebreaker of Shady Hill and Other Stories

The paper deals with the notion and function of nostalgia in John Cheever’s short story cycle The Housebreaker of Shady Hill and Other Stories (1958). The analysis relies on Svetlana Boym’s definition of nostalgia as “a longing for a home that no longer exists or has never existed” (2001: xiii) and on Jennifer Smith’s (2017) study of nostalgia in the American short story cycle. The objective is to examine how and for what purposes Cheever’s cycle employs nostalgia in individual stories, and to show whether different evocations of nostalgia present partial or false versions of the past. Having in mind the recursive and accretive nature of the cycle as a genre, the authors intend to examine how individual stories come together to render a more collective sense of nostalgia, whether coherent or ambivalent, that might be in a correlation with a specific middle-class suburban locality of the American Northeast

Judiciary in the Serbian Constitution of 2006 and a critical review of draft amendments

This article analyzes the position of judiciary in the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. Legal norms on the organization of judiciary are one of the most important segments of constitutional matter, having in mind that for the functioning of democracy it is important to ensure complete independence of the judiciary from so-called 'political authorities' - legislative and executive. The independence of the judiciary can only be ensured by the constitution. However, the Serbian Constitution of 2006 has taken a different stand on this part of constitutional matter, giving the legislator a wide authority to regulate substantive issues relating to the judiciary (election and dismissal of judges), which largely subordinates judicial power to the legislative. First, the constitutional norms on judiciary will be analyzed in this paper. The Serbian Constitution contains five key issues related to the independence of judiciary. Further analysis will include proposed amendments to the Constitution. Ministry of Justice's Working Version of the Draft Amendments to the Constitution has not adequately solved any of five problems. Finally, useful conclusions about the position of the judiciary in the Republic of Serbia will be drawn.

Izvori proteina i njihov značaj u ishrani šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most widely cultured fish species in the world. It is predominantly cultivated in the Balkans in the semiintensive system that is based on the utilization of natural food from the fish pond and supplemental feed (cereals, pelleted and extruded feed). Currently, an intensified type of semi-intensive production is starting to be more present in Serbia, where cereals, as the most common supplemental feed, are replaced by concentrated feed that fill in the lack of proteins from carps' natural food in periods of its decreased production. The nutritional requirements for growth, reproduction and normal physiological functions of fish are similar to other animals, but generally fish need more proteins in their diet. Due to this, the efficiency in the use and utilization of proteins is more significant for fish than for other animals. The selection of supplemental feed in semi-intensive system of fish culture depends on the natural potential of the fish pond, culturing period, fish category, price and quality of feed.Šaran (Cyprinus carpio) kao jedna od najrasprostranjenijih gajenih vrsta riba u svetu, na prostorima Balkana dominantno se gaji u poluintenzivnom sistemu. Intenziviranjem poluintenzivnog sistema i saznanjima o prednosti koncentrovanim hranama, žitarice se polako potiskuju peletiranim i ekstrudiranim smešama. Takođe, u cilju globalnog povećanja proizvodnje, javljaju se potrebe za unošenje raznolikih komponenti u smeše za ishranu riba i njihove maksimalne iskoristivosti. Akvakultura je visoko zavisna od proizvodnje ribljeg brašna i ribljeg ulja zbog velike primene u industriji hrane za ribe. Ograničavajući faktori primene ribljeg brašna su: ograničenost resursa, porast potreba i porast cene. To je navelo na potrebu da se riblje brašno zameni alternativnim izvorima proteina kao što su: proizvodi od soje koji su najsličniji proteinima animalnog porekla, otpaci terestičnih životinja kao jeftiniji izvori kvalitetnih proteina, kril koji ima veliki potencijal u proizvodnji hrane, kao i jednoćelijski organizmi sa velikom brzinom rasta

Uticaj smeša koncentrata sa različitim učešćem proteina i masti na prirast i konverziju hrane u ishrani mlađi šarana (Cyprinus carpio, L., 1758)

Carp is cultured in all the 3 systems: extensive, semiintensive and intensive. Contrary to extensive rearing where weight gain depends exclusively on natural food, semiintensive and intensive systems are based on partial or complete reliance on added feed. During the rearing season the natural food in fish ponds with the semiintensive system has a prominent seasonality: in the period of natural food depression with optimal temperatures for carp growth (from mid June to the end of August) weight gain is primarily dependent on the quality and quantity of added feed. From an economical, and also an ecological point of view it is important to supply feed that will meet nutritional requirements of fish, and result in low feed conversion coefficient, high growth rate, good health condition, high quality of the final product – fish meat, and as low as possible load of the aquatic environment with organic matter, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Nutritional properties of fish feed are highly dependent on the protein and fat level. It is of utmost importance to stress that the amount of basic components in feed should not be fewer than the requirements of farmed fish, though, particularly from the economic point of view, this amount should’t be too high since the fish will not be able to utilise it. As the main building blocks, proteins are essential for body growth and a number of physiological processes. Their origin and quantity in feed mixtures are of crucial importance for the utilization of feed and growth of cultured fish. Fishmeal is the most desirable component of the feed that provides proteins with good amino acid composition in feed for carnivorous fish species, as well as for omnivorous fish in intensive production. Due to the deficit of this very important nutrient at the world market and their high prices, fishmeal and other feed of animal origin are combined or replaced with alternative sources of plant proteins. There is a constant tendency towards decreasing the share of fishmeal in feed while optimizing the amount of proteins in the meal...Šaran se gaji u sva tri sistema gajenja: ekstenzivni, poluintenzivni i intenzivni. Za razliku od ekstenzivnog gde prirast ribe iskljuĉivo zavisi od prirodne hrane, poluintenzivni i intenzivni sistemi su bazirani na delimiĉnoj ili potpunoj zavisnosti od dodatne hrane. Kako tokom sezone gajenja, prirodna hrana u ribnjacima sa poluintenzivnim sistemom ima veoma izraţen sezonalni karakter, u periodu sa optimalnim temperaturama za rast šarana (od sredine juna pa do kraja avgusta) prirast je u najvećoj meri zavistan od kvaliteta i koliĉine dodatne hrane. Sa ekonomskog, ali i ekološkog aspekta vaţno je obezbediti hranu koja će zadovoljiti nutritivne potrebe riba, rezultirati niskim koeficijentom konverzije, visokim tempom rasta, dobrim zdravstvenim stanjem gajenih riba, visokim kvalitetom finalnog proizvoda, odnosno ribljeg mesa i što manjim opterećenjem vodene sredine organskim materijama, fosforom i azotom. Nutritivna svojstva hrane za ribe u velikoj meri zavise od udela proteina i masti. Veoma je vaţno da osnovnih komponenti u hrani za ribe ne bude manje od potreba gajenih riba, ali i sa ekonomskog aspekta da ih u hrani ne bude više od koliĉine koju ribe mogu iskoristiti. Proteini kao gradivne komponente, su veoma vaţni za izgradnju tela ali i za brojne fiziološke procese u organizmu. Njihovo poreklo, sastav, kao i koliĉina u smešama od presudnog su znaĉaja za iskoristivost hrane i prirast gajenih riba. Najpoţeljnija komponenta, kao nosilac proteina odgovarajućeg aminokiselinskog sastava, za proizvodnju hrane za karnivorne vrste riba, ali i za intenzivno gajenje omnivornih riba je riblje brašno. Zbog deficita ovog veoma vaţnog hraniva na svetskoj pijaci i visoke cene na trţištu, riblje brašno, kao i ostala hraniva animalnog porekla se kombinuju ili pak potiskuju sa alternativnim biljnim izvorima proteina, uz optimizaciju koliĉine u obroku i uz stalnu teţnju da se što veći procenat ribljeg brašna potisne iz hrane. Masti prisutne u hrani doprinose efikasnijem iskorišćavanju proteina iz obroka, zahvaljujući ĉemu se skuplji proteini ĉuvaju od neracioanlnog iskorišćavanja kao dodatni izvor energije. U okviru odreĊenih granica, povećanje nivoa lipida u obroku, dovodi do poboljšanog iskorišćavanja hrane, tako što se lipidi koriste za obezbeĊivanje biološki korisne energije i na taj naĉin se štede proteini..

Effects of mixtures containing different protein and fatlevels on growth and feed conversion ratio of common carp (Cyprinus carpio,L., 1758)

Šaran se gaji u sva tri sistema gajenja: ekstenzivni, poluintenzivni i intenzivni. Za razliku od ekstenzivnog gde prirast ribe iskljuĉivo zavisi od prirodne hrane, poluintenzivni i intenzivni sistemi su bazirani na delimiĉnoj ili potpunoj zavisnosti od dodatne hrane. Kako tokom sezone gajenja, prirodna hrana u ribnjacima sa poluintenzivnim sistemom ima veoma izraţen sezonalni karakter, u periodu sa optimalnim temperaturama za rast šarana (od sredine juna pa do kraja avgusta) prirast je u najvećoj meri zavistan od kvaliteta i koliĉine dodatne hrane. Sa ekonomskog, ali i ekološkog aspekta vaţno je obezbediti hranu koja će zadovoljiti nutritivne potrebe riba, rezultirati niskim koeficijentom konverzije, visokim tempom rasta, dobrim zdravstvenim stanjem gajenih riba, visokim kvalitetom finalnog proizvoda, odnosno ribljeg mesa i što manjim opterećenjem vodene sredine organskim materijama, fosforom i azotom. Nutritivna svojstva hrane za ribe u velikoj meri zavise od udela proteina i masti. Veoma je vaţno da osnovnih komponenti u hrani za ribe ne bude manje od potreba gajenih riba, ali i sa ekonomskog aspekta da ih u hrani ne bude više od koliĉine koju ribe mogu iskoristiti. Proteini kao gradivne komponente, su veoma vaţni za izgradnju tela ali i za brojne fiziološke procese u organizmu. Njihovo poreklo, sastav, kao i koliĉina u smešama od presudnog su znaĉaja za iskoristivost hrane i prirast gajenih riba. Najpoţeljnija komponenta, kao nosilac proteina odgovarajućeg aminokiselinskog sastava, za proizvodnju hrane za karnivorne vrste riba, ali i za intenzivno gajenje omnivornih riba je riblje brašno. Zbog deficita ovog veoma vaţnog hraniva na svetskoj pijaci i visoke cene na trţištu, riblje brašno, kao i ostala hraniva animalnog porekla se kombinuju ili pak potiskuju sa alternativnim biljnim izvorima proteina, uz optimizaciju koliĉine u obroku i uz stalnu teţnju da se što veći procenat ribljeg brašna potisne iz hrane. Masti prisutne u hrani doprinose efikasnijem iskorišćavanju proteina iz obroka, zahvaljujući ĉemu se skuplji proteini ĉuvaju od neracioanlnog iskorišćavanja kao dodatni izvor energije. U okviru odreĊenih granica, povećanje nivoa lipida u obroku, dovodi do poboljšanog iskorišćavanja hrane, tako što se lipidi koriste za obezbeĊivanje biološki korisne energije i na taj naĉin se štede proteini...Carp is cultured in all the 3 systems: extensive, semiintensive and intensive. Contrary to extensive rearing where weight gain depends exclusively on natural food, semiintensive and intensive systems are based on partial or complete reliance on added feed. During the rearing season the natural food in fish ponds with the semiintensive system has a prominent seasonality: in the period of natural food depression with optimal temperatures for carp growth (from mid June to the end of August) weight gain is primarily dependent on the quality and quantity of added feed. From an economical, and also an ecological point of view it is important to supply feed that will meet nutritional requirements of fish, and result in low feed conversion coefficient, high growth rate, good health condition, high quality of the final product – fish meat, and as low as possible load of the aquatic environment with organic matter, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Nutritional properties of fish feed are highly dependent on the protein and fat level. It is of utmost importance to stress that the amount of basic components in feed should not be fewer than the requirements of farmed fish, though, particularly from the economic point of view, this amount should’t be too high since the fish will not be able to utilise it. As the main building blocks, proteins are essential for body growth and a number of physiological processes. Their origin and quantity in feed mixtures are of crucial importance for the utilization of feed and growth of cultured fish. Fishmeal is the most desirable component of the feed that provides proteins with good amino acid composition in feed for carnivorous fish species, as well as for omnivorous fish in intensive production. Due to the deficit of this very important nutrient at the world market and their high prices, fishmeal and other feed of animal origin are combined or replaced with alternative sources of plant proteins. There is a constant tendency towards decreasing the share of fishmeal in feed while optimizing the amount of proteins in the meal..

Bisimulations for Kripke models of Fuzzy Multimodal Logics

The main objective of the dissertation is to provide a detailed study of several different types of simulations and bisimulations for Kripke models of fuzzy multimodal logics. Two types of simulations (forward and backward) and five types of bisimulations (forward, backward, forward-backward, backward-forward and regular) are presented hereby. For each type of simulation and bisimulation, an algorithm is created to test the existence of the simulation or bisimulation and, if it exists, the algorithm computes the greatest one. The dissertation presents the application of bisimulations in the state reduction of fuzzy Kripke models, while preserving their semantic properties. Next, weak simulations and bisimulations were considered and the Hennessy-Milner property was examined. Finally, an algorithm was created to compute weak simulations and bisimulations for fuzzy Kripke models over locally finite algebras

Morphometric parameters as risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A MRI case-control study

Background/Aim. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee, representing 50% of all knee injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the morphometry of knee injury patients with an intact and a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament. Methods. The study included 33 matched pairs of patients divided into two groups: the study group with the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament rupture, and the control group with the diagnosis of patellofemoral pain but no anterior cruciate ligament lesion. The patients were matched on the basis of 4 attributes: age, sex, type of lesion (whether it was profession- related), and whether the lesion was left- or right-sided. Measurements were carried out using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results. The anterior and posterior edges of the anterior cruciate ligament in the control group were highly significantly smaller (p < 0.01; in both cases). The control group showed a statistically significantly larger width of the anterior cruciate ligament (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between the width of the anterior cruciate ligament and the width (p < 0.01) and height (p < 0.05) of the intercondylar notch was found to exist in the control group, but not in the study group (p > 0.05). The patients in the control group showed a shorter but wider anterior cruciate ligament in comparison to their matched pairs. The control group of patients was also characterized by the correlation between the width of the intercondylar notch and the width of the anterior cruciate ligament, which was not the case in the study group. Conclusions. According to the results of our study we can say that a narrow intercondylar notch contains a proportionally thin anterior cruciate ligament, but we cannot say that this factor necessarily leads to rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament

Analysis and design of the gas generator multifunctional bulkhead considering the thermal and structural loads

The operation of gas generators brings relatively high thermo-mechanical loads on the gas generator structure. The objective of this article is to determine the operating conditions, in terms of mechanical loads at extremely high temperatures in very limited and narrow space, of a multifunctional bulkhead for application on specific kinds of gas generators with back-to-back rotor concept. The paper contains numerical analysis and experimental investigation for determining the loads and behavior of the structure. Numerical analysis indicates that there is significant influence of the Tesla turbine effect on flow parameters. Also, uneven pressure distribution and significant thermal loads are identified. With experimental investigation and subsequent exploitation tests, it was concluded that the presented methodology identifies the operating conditions, truthfully simulates the bulkhead stress state and deformations and that the presented design solution satisfied all demands. Regarding results obtained by these numerical simulations, the innovative design solution for the multifunctional bulkhead was proposed

Histološke metode u proceni efekata hrane na morfologiju creva i jetre riba

This manuscript describes the importance of using histological methods to assess the effects of feed on the liver and intestine of fish. Due to the constantly increasing world production of fish and other aquatic organisms, it is necessary to replace fishmeal and fish oil in diets with less expensive raw materials of plant origin. Due to the increased fiber content, increased presence of carbohydrates, antinutritional factors, and inappropriate content of amino acids and new compounds can have negative effects on the digestive system of fish and therefore on fitness, health and production characteristics of cultivated fish. The liver and intestines are the most important organs for the digestion and absorption of nutrients from feed. Therefore, monitoring histological structure of fish liver and intestine is the method of choice in assessing the effects of nutrient mixtures that use raw materials of plant origin. For both of these vital organs the normal histological structure and the most important results obtained by research are discussed. This paper presents a critical review of the histological methods used in research on feed effects. Results related to the negative effects of raw soy-based feed on the occurrence of enteritis in carnivorous fish species are discussed. The results point out that use of modern approach in fish pathology such as improved histochemical, stereological, scoring, and other analytical methods could be a beneficial approach in an accurate assessment of new feed effects on fish.U radu je prikazan značaj upotrebe histoloških metoda u proceni efekata hrane na jetru i crevo riba. Usled konstantno rastuće svetske proizvodnje riba i drugih vodenih organizama pokazalo se neophodnim da se riblje brašno i riblje ulje u hranljivim smešama sve više zamenjuju manje skupim sirovinama biljnog porekla. Zbog povećanog sadržaja vlakana, povećanog prisustva ugljenih hidrata i antinutricionih faktora, te neodgovarajućeg sadržaja amino kiselina u ovim sirovinama delovanje novih smeša može negativno da utiče na digestivni sistem riba a time i na kondiciju, zdravstveno stanje i proizvodne karakteristike gajenih riba. Budući da su jetra i creva najvažniji organi u procesu varenja i apsorpcije hranljivih materija iz hrane, praćenje histološke građe jetre i creva riba je metoda izbora pri proceni efekata hranljivih smeša u kojima se koriste sirovine biljnog porekla. Za oba pomenuta vitalna organa je prikazana normalna histološka građa i najvažniji rezultati dobijeni u istraživanjima autora i iz literaturnih izvora. U radu je dat kritički osvrt na histološke metode koje se koriste u ovoj vrsti istraživanja i na najvažnije dobijene rezultate. Posebna pažnja je posvećena negativnom delovanju sirovina na bazi soje koje uzrokuju pojavu enteritisa kod karnivornih vrsta riba. Ukazuje se i na mogućnosti unapređenja metodologije procene efekata hrane korišćenjem savremenih pristupa u patohistološkim istraživanjima kao što su unapređene histohemijske, stereološke i druge metode