Changes in Phospholipid Composition Studied by HPLC and Electric Properties of Liver Cell Membrane of Ethanol-Poisoned Rats

Ethanol introduced into the organism undergoes rapid metabolism to acetaldehyde and then to acetic acid. The process is accompanied by formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage mainly lipids of membrane cells. The effects of ROS can be neutralized by administering preparations with antioxidant properties. The natural preparations of this kind are teas

Characterization of the Cell Membrane During Cancer Transformation

Abstract: The electric properties of the plasma membrane is an indicator of cell condition. The simple, and highly effective, normal-phase (NP) and reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods assess phospholipid and free unsaturated fatty acid content, respectively. Herein we focus on changes in phospholipid content [phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanoloamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC)] and free unsaturated fatty acid content [arachidonic acid (AA), linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), palmitoleic acid (PA)] in the plasma membranes of non-metastatic colorectal cancer cells (pT3 stage, G2 grade). Surface charge density of normal and tumor large intestine tissue was measured by electrophoresis. The surface charge density as a function of pH, acidic (C TA ) and basic (C TB-) functional group concentrations and their average association constants with hydrogen (K AH ) or hydroxyl (K BOH-) ions were evaluated. Cancer transformation was accompanied by an increase in total phospholipids as well as and increase in C TA , C TB and K BOH whereas the content of free fatty acids and K AH decreased compared with unchanged tumor cells

Comparison of Protective Effects of Melatonin and Amifostine on Radiation-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΗΨΗIn this study, we aimed to compare the protective effects of melatonin and amifostine on radiation-induced oxidative stress. Fifty female Wistar rats (3-4 months old, weighing 200±25 g) were divided into five groups (with ten rats each) and treated as follows: control (Cont), radiotherapy alone (RT), radiotherapy + amifostine (RT+AMI), radiotherapy + melatonin (RT+MEL), radiotherapy + amifostine + melatonin (RT+AMI+MEL). Rats were irradiated individually with a single dose of 8 Gy and amifostine (200 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) was administered to rats 30 minutes before irradiation. At the end of this follow-up period (72 hours) the rats were sacrificed. Spectrophotometric Analysis has been performed to kidney tissue samples. As a result of statistical comparison between groups after RT, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased, total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased, although the statistically significant change was only for OSI (p = 0.030). Addition of AMI or MEL to RT increased TAC and OSI significantly (p = 0.000), but there was no additive effect for TAC and OSI when both drugs were given together (p = 1.000, p = 0.172, respectively). In terms of TOS, statistically significant increasing was only for AMI (p = 0.000). There was protective effect when both drugs were given together against on Radiation-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress

Chemopreventive efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ethionine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosco) is widely used in foods as a spice all around the world. It has been reported to have antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. We investigated the effect of ginger in ethionine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1 and 2 served as controls and they received normal rat chow and olive oil respectively. Group 3 was fed with ginger oleoresin dissolved in olive oil at 100 mg/kg body wt. Group 4 was fed with choline deficient diet and 0.1% ethionine in drinking water (CDE diet), and group 5 received ginger with CDE diet. Blood samples were taken from the orbital sinus at 0 and 8 weeks of experiment for the determination of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and lipid peroxidation end product, malondialdehyde (MDA). Rats were also killed at 8 weeks for the observation of liver tumor formation. CDE diet induced the formation of liver nodules in rats and increased SODactivity. However, it had no effect on catalase, GPx and MDA levels when compared to both controls at 8 weeks of experiment. When CDE rats were treated with ginger, the formation of liver tumour, SOD activity and MDA level reduced, catalase activity was increased but no change was observed for GPx activity when compared to CDE group. In conclusion, ginger supplementation suppressed liver carcinogenesis by scavenging the free radical formation, and by reducing lipid peroxidation.Keywords: Choline deficient diet, Ethionine, Liver cancer, Ginger, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidatio

Green tea as an antioxidant which protects against alcohol induced injury in rats - a histopathological examination

Our study with animal models was designed to test the hypothesis that green tea protects against chronic (over 4 weeks) alcohol induced liver injury in rats. The research was conducted on Wistar male rats divided into 4 research groups: I - received the Libera-De Carli control diet (L-DC), II - received (L-DC) and green tea, III - received (L-DC) and ethanol and IV - received (L-DC), green tea and ethanol. When comparing groups I and II we saw less intensive steatosis in group II than in group I, which can suggest that green tea may affect the accumulation of fat in the hepatocytes and protect them against steatosis and disruption. In III, the ethanol group, the steatosis of the liver increased considerably and the green tea which was given with ethanol in group IV did not halt this, as in group IV we also observed intensive steatosis in the liver. From this data we conclude that green tea has an important, although not fully understood role in preventing liver injury

A Study on the Antioxidant Defense System in Breast cancer Patients.

Hospital based case control study carried out for reduced Glutathione levels (GSH), Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), Total Antioxidant Potential (AOP), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitrate levels in a  major referral hospital in Kashmir, North India involving patients with breast cancer (N=40) and healthy Controls (N=20). Patients with history of drug use or some other similar disorder which might influence antioxidant enzyme activity were not included in the study. The results were analyzed statistically using the Student’s t-test for unpaired variables. MDA, SOD and nitrite levels were increased in breast cancer patients as compared to controls (p<0.005, P<0.01 and P<0.05) respectively. GSH, and AOP levels in plasma of breast cancer patients were low as compared to healthy voluntary controls (P<0.005 and p<0.005). Increased oxidative stress in patients is indicated by increased SOD activity and is evident by depleted GSH levels and AOP. Key words: Reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Antioxidant potential (AOP), Malondialdehyde (MDA).

Beneficial effects of green tea: A literature review

The health benefits of green tea for a wide variety of ailments, including different types of cancer, heart disease, and liver disease, were reported. Many of these beneficial effects of green tea are related to its catechin, particularly (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, content. There is evidence from in vitro and animal studies on the underlying mechanisms of green tea catechins and their biological actions. There are also human studies on using green tea catechins to treat metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors

The Influence of L-Carnitine on Oxidative Modification of LDL In Vitro

Owing to their structure and function, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are particularly susceptible to the oxidative modifications. To prevent against oxidative modification of LDL, L-carnitine, with endogenous small water-soluble quaternary amine possessing antioxidative properties, was used. The aim of this paper was to prove the in vitro influence of L-carnitine on the degree of oxidative modification of the lipid part (estimated by conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde levels) and the protein part (estimated by dityrosine and tryptophan levels) of LDL native and oxidized by cooper ions. The level of lipophylic LDL antioxidant—α-tocopherol was also measured

The therapeutic potential of amifostine on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular dysfunction in rats: An experimental study

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a well-known alkylating anticancer agent used in the treatment of various malignant and non-malignant tumors. CP may also cause a variety of adverse effects, including reproductive toxicity. Amifostine is known as a cytoprotective drug having antioxidant properties. Objective: To evaluate the possible beneficial effects of amifostine on testicular toxicity induced by CP in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experimental study. The CP group animals received a single dose of 200 mg/kg CP on Day 8 by intraperitoneal injection and were left untreated for the following seven days. The two remaining groups of animals were treated with 200 mg/kg/day amifostine (AMF 200) and 400 mg/kg/day amifostine (AMF 400) for seven days prior to and following a single intraperitoneal injection of CP. Morphometrical analysis and histological examination of testicular tissue were performed. Serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were measured in serum using commercial ELISA kits. The epidydimal sperm count was determined. Results: The tubular epithelial height in the testis was significantly higher in the AMF400 group compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Animals in the AMF400 group showed minimal debris in the tubules, no Sertoli cell damage, and the Johnsen scores were slightly higher in the AMF400 group. The epididymal sperm count was significantly lower in the CP-administered animals compared to the control animals and was significantly higher in the AMF200 and AMF400 groups compared to the CP group (p = 0.006, and p = 0.019 respectively). Conclusion: Amifostine, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, may have a protective effect on testicular damage induced by CP in rats