CHAMBER FEEDER OF DELIVERY PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT PLANT

FIELD: pneumotransport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to discharge of loose materials, such as alumina, cement or other aggressive dust forming materials from flexible container by means of compressed air. Proposed chamber feeder has intake chamber with cover, discharge pipeline with intake branch pipe, and discharge nozzle with knife device. Flexible container is placed in intake chamber. Intake branch pipe is installed for free travel along discharge pipeline being furnished with knife device to cut upper part of flexible container. Discharge pipeline is furnished with intake branch pipe travel stop. Intake branch pipe installed for movement in discharge pipeline at aeration of material in process of delivery of compressed air through discharge nozzle into intake chamber provides its lowering to into material layer to close to discharge nozzle. Such free travel of intake branch pipe provides maximum capacity of chamber feeder. EFFECT: reduced power consumption for bringing material out of chamber feeder, increased reliability of its operation. 5 dwg.Изобретение относится к пневмотранспорту, а именно к выгрузке из гибкой оболочки (тары) сыпучих материалов, например глинозема, цемента и других агрессивных пылеобразующих материалов с помощью сжатого воздуха. Камерный питатель содержит приемную камеру с крышкой, разгрузочный трубопровод с заборным патрубком, нагнетательное сопло с ножевым устройством. Гибкая тара размещена в приемной камере. Заборный патрубок установлен с возможностью свободного перемещения вдоль разгрузочного трубопровода и снабжен ножевым устройством для разрезания верхней части гибкой тары. Разгрузочный трубопровод снабжен ограничителем движения в нем заборного патрубка. Подвижно установленный в разгрузочном трубопроводе заборный патрубок при аэрировании материала в процессе подачи сжатого воздуха через нагнетательное сопло в приемную камеру обеспечивает опускание его в слой материала до непосредственной близости к нагнетательному соплу. Такое свободное передвижение заборного патрубка обеспечивает максимальную производительность камерного питателя. Кроме того, изобретение обеспечивает уменьшение энергозатрат на вынос материала из камерного питателя и повышение надежности его работы. 5 ил

Heat transfer enhancement of the open-type heat recovery unit

An increase in the heat transfer efficiency of the open-type heat recovery unit due to the sequential heat and mass transfer enhancement is considered. The graphs of variances in the water temperature, gas temperature, gas enthalpy and gas specific humidity at the end of each site are presented. The proposed designs of the open-type heat recovery unit can be used for the flue gas disposal, including the disposal of natural gas combustion products in the greenhouse facility

Use of the Microheterogeneous Model to Assess the Applicability of Ion-Exchange Membranes in the Process of Generating Electricity from a Concentration Gradient

The paper shows the possibility of using a microheterogeneous model to estimate the transport numbers of counterions through ion-exchange membranes. It is possible to calculate the open-circuit potential and power density of the reverse electrodialyzer using the data obtained. Eight samples of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes were studied, two samples for each of the following types of membranes: Ralex CM, Ralex AMH, MK-40, and MA-41. Samples in each pair differed in the year of production and storage conditions. In the work, these samples were named “batch 1” and “batch 2”. According to the microheterogeneous model, to calculate the transport numbers of counterions, it is necessary to use the concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity and diffusion permeability. The electrolyte used was a sodium chloride solution with a concentration range corresponding to the conditional composition of river water and the salinity of the Black Sea. During the research, it was found that samples of Ralex membranes of different batches have similar characteristics over the entire range of investigated concentrations. The calculated values of the transfer numbers for membranes of different batches differ insignificantly: ±0.01 for Ralex AMH in 1 M NaCl. For MK-40 and MA-41 membranes, a significant scatter of characteristics was found, especially in concentrated solutions. As a result, in 1 M NaCl, the transport numbers differ by ±0.05 for MK-40 and ±0.1 for MA-41. The value of the open circuit potential for the Ralex membrane pair showed that the experimental values of the potential are slightly lower than the theoretical ones. At the same time, the maximum calculated power density is higher than the experimental values. The maximum power density achieved in the experiment on reverse electrodialysis was 0.22 W/m2, which is in good agreement with the known literature data for heterogeneous membranes. The discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical data may be the difference in the characteristics of the membranes used in the reverse electrodialysis process from the tested samples and does not consider the shadow effect of the spacer in the channels of the electrodialyzer

Femtosecond Er-Doped All-Fiber Laser with High-Density Well-Aligned Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thin-Film Saturable Absorber

International audienceWe have studied the ultrafast saturation behavior of a high-density well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes saturable absorber (HDWA-SWCNT SA), obtained by a high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of commercially available single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related it to femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser performance. We have observed the polarization dependence of a nonlinear optical saturation, along with a low saturation energy level of <1 fJ, limited to the detector threshold used, and the ultrafast response time of <250 fs, while the modulation depth was approximately 12%. We have obtained the generation of ultrashort stretched pulses with a low mode-locking launching threshold of ~100 mW and an average output power of 12.5 mW in an erbium-doped ring laser with the hybrid mode-locking of a VDVA-SWNT SA in combination with the effects of nonlinear polarization evolution. Dechirped pulses with a duration of 180 fs were generated, with a repetition rate of about 42.22 MHz. The average output power standard deviation was about 0.06% RMS during 3 h of measurement

Femtosecond Er-Doped All-Fiber Laser with High-Density Well-Aligned Carbon-Nanotube-Based Thin-Film Saturable Absorber

We have studied the ultrafast saturation behavior of a high-density well-aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes saturable absorber (HDWA-SWCNT SA), obtained by a high-pressure and high-temperature treatment of commercially available single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and related it to femtosecond erbium-doped fiber laser performance. We have observed the polarization dependence of a nonlinear optical saturation, along with a low saturation energy level of &lt;1 fJ, limited to the detector threshold used, and the ultrafast response time of &lt;250 fs, while the modulation depth was approximately 12%. We have obtained the generation of ultrashort stretched pulses with a low mode-locking launching threshold of ~100 mW and an average output power of 12.5 mW in an erbium-doped ring laser with the hybrid mode-locking of a VDVA-SWNT SA in combination with the effects of nonlinear polarization evolution. Dechirped pulses with a duration of 180 fs were generated, with a repetition rate of about 42.22 MHz. The average output power standard deviation was about 0.06% RMS during 3 h of measurement

The Yukagir Bison:The exterior morphology of a complete frozen mummy of the extinct steppe bison, Bison priscus from the early Holocene of northern Yakutia, Russia

The paper presents analyses of the exterior morphology of one of the extinct and dominating species of the Late Pleistocene megafauna of Eurasia, the steppe bison, Bison priscus. The frozen mummy of the Yukagir Bison found in northern Yakutia, Russia represents the most complete specimen of this species in the world. It belongs to a young, 4.1-4.5 year old male, which dates back about 10,500 cal BP. The analyses revealed that the overall size of this specimen was comparable to a 6-year old European and American bison. Its horn spread falls within the upper limits of B. bison athabascae and B. bison bison males, as well as within the average sizes of B. priscus occidentalis from East Siberia and North America. While most of the not fully-grown Yukagir Bison body size fell within the average parameters of both grown modern species, the body and hind foot lengths were closer to the lower limits of the European bison. The color and hair pattern appeared to be close to the Blue Babe mummy (B. priscus) and modern Wood bison (modern morphotype of B. bison athabascae) and European (B. bonasus) bison. The geological age of the Yukagir Bison, along with the data from other specimens indicate that this species, which survived the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, became rare but was still widely distributed in the northern part of centraleastern Siberia until about 8000 years ago. The juxtaposed data from arctic latitude sediments and the Bison priscus stomach content pollen indicate that it was selective grazer in the environment dominated by unfavorable shrub and forest-tundra vegetation. The scarce Holocene steppe bison remains in Eastern Siberia reflects the dramatic decrease of suitable habitats and pastures during the early Holocene climatic optimum in the high Arctic, which was a major factor of irreversible population fragmentation and decline leading to the species' extinction. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved

Stratigraphic correlations between the continental and marine Tethyan and Peri-Tethyan basins during the Late Carboniferous and the Early Permian

Volume: 20Start Page: 521End Page: 59