Изучение процессов формирования массивов капель золота на подложках кремния методом высокотемпературного отжига

In this study, the peculiarities of the transformations of gold films deposited on the Si wafer surfaces as a result of high temperature anneals are investigated experimentally depending on the conditions of wafer surface preparation and the annealing regimes. The morphology and the distribution functions of the crystallites of gold films as well as the gold droplets formed as a result of anneals are studied as functions of annealing temperature, type of annealing (rapid thermal or rapid furnace annealing), and the state of the surface of Si wafers. The results obtained can be used for the controlled preparation of the arrays of catalytic gold droplets for subsequent growth of Si wire-like crystals.В роботі вивчено особливості трансформації золотих плівок, нанесених на поверхню кремнієвих пластин, в результаті високотемпературного відпалу в залежності від умов підготовки поверхні пластин та режимів відпалу. Морфологія і розподіл кристалітів плівок золота, а також масивів крапель золота, сформованих в результаті відпалу, досліджені як функції температури і типу відпалу (швидкий термічний або швидкий відпал в печі) та стану поверхні пластин Si. Отримані результати можуть бути використані для контролю виготовлення масивів каталітичних крапель золота для подальшого вирощування нитковидних кристалів Si.В работе изучены особенности трансформации золотых пленок, нанесенных на поверхность кремниевых пластин, в результате высокотемпературного отжига в зависимости от условий подготовки поверхности пластин и режимов отжига. Морфология и распределение кристаллитов пленок золота, а также массивов капель золота, сформированных в результате отжига, исследованы как функции температуры и типа отжига (быстрый термический или быстрый отжиг в печи) и состояния поверхности пластин Si. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для контроля изготовления массивов каталитических капель золота для последующего выращивания нитевидных кристаллов Si

Air-thermal oxidation of zirconium materials

The results of the temperature effect on the process of oxide films formation on the surface of the zirconium materials are given. The changes of the morphology, structure and properties of the oxide films on the zirconium and Zr1%Nb alloy due to exposure of heat treatment in air at 500…800 ºС for a time up to 10 h are analyzed.Приведены результаты исследований влияния температуры на процесс образования оксидных пленок на поверхности циркониевых материалов. Проанализированы изменения морфологии, структуры и свойств оксидных пленок на цирконии и сплаве Zr1%Nb в результате воздействия термической обработки в воздуш- ной среде при 500…800 ºС в течение 10 ч.Приведено результати досліджень впливу температури на процес утворення оксидних плівок на поверхні цирконієвих матеріалів. Проаналізовано зміни морфології, структури і властивостей оксидних плівок на цирконії та сплаві Zr1%Nb в результаті впливу термічної обробки в повітряному середовищі при 500…800 ºС протягом 10 год

Effect of iron additives on the properties of Zr1%Nb alloy

The effect of iron additives on the microstructure and properties of Zr1%Nb alloy were investigated. The Zr1%Nb alloy with microadditives of iron was obtained by vacuum-arc melting method. Microhardness of experimental samples obtained during testing was measured. It was shown that microhardness of samples of the Zr1%Nb alloy varies with increasing iron concentration. It was found that the properties of the Zr1%Nb alloy can be enhanced significantly by addition of iron into the material.Досліджено вплив добавок заліза на мікроструктуру та властивості сплаву Zr1%Nb. Методом вакуумно-дугової плавки отримано сплав Zr1%Nb з мікрододатками заліза. Проведено вимірювання мікротвердості зразків сплаву Zr1%Nb, отриманих під час випробувань. Показано, що мікротвердість зразків сплаву Zr1%Nb змінюється зі збільшенням концентрації заліза. Встановлено, що властивості сплаву Zr1%Nb можуть бути значно покращені шляхом введення в матеріал заліза.Исследовано влияние добавок железа на микроструктуру и свойства сплава Zr1%Nb. Методом вакуумно-дуговой плавки получен сплав Zr1%Nb с микродобавками железа. Проведено измерение микротвердости образцов сплава Zr1%Nb, полученных в ходе испытаний. Показано, что микротвердость образцов сплава Zr1%Nb изменяется с увеличением концентрации железа. Установлено, что свойства сплава Zr1%Nb могут быть значительно улучшены в результате введения в материал железа

Youth physical education and sports: visions of future, problems and prospects

Objective of the study was to identify psychological and pedagogical features of perception of the future in adolescents during their physical education and sports activities. Methods and structure of the study. The study involved the 17-20 year-old full-time students of Smolensk Academy of Professional Education (Regional State Budget Professional Educational Institution SmolAPE), who were engaged in various sports (n=47). Creativity as a personality trait was tested in the 15-16 year-old male (n=18) and female (n=17) schoolchildren (tenth-graders) of Smolensk, who were engaged in team sports. Results of the study. We determined the overall level of meaning in life, total life satisfaction and irrational attitudes of university students, as well as the correlation between the scales of irrational attitudes and levels of life satisfaction index. Conclusion. The study showed that in the 10th grade, it was the hyperthymic type of accentuation of personality traits that prevailed in the students (34%). 23% of sporting school graduates belonged to the cyclothymic type of accentuation, and 20% - to the emotive one

Physical and sports activity under self–sufficiency and profitability

In the article, the authors reveal the characteristics of physical education and sports activity in the frame of pedagogical process, services rendered under multi-level education system. The issues of physical education, which becomes increasingly interesting for the commercial sector of economics, are covered. The conditions of using sports facilities for preparing sports reserve which are connected with the problems of selecting children for chosen sports and using effective means and methods of training at all stages of long-term preparation are highlighted. The basic selection criteria for young volleyball players and forecasting their potential opportunities based on morphological indicators and speed-strength qualities are given. The characteristics of the rates of biological maturation that affect physical development, level of physical fitness and young athletes’ sports achievements are given.В данной статье авторы раскрывают особенности физкультурно-спортивной деятельности с позиций педагогического процесса, сервисных услуг в процессе функционирования многоуровневой системы образования. Освещены вопросы физического воспитания, которое все больше входит в круг интересов коммерческого сектора экономики. Рассмотрены условия использования спортивных сооружений для подготовки спортивного резерва, что отражает проблемы отбора детей для занятий избранным видом спорта и применение эффективных средств и методов тренировки на всех этапах многолетней подготовки. Приведены основные критерии отбора юных волейболистов и прогнозирования их потенциальных возможностей на основе морфологических показателей и скоростно-силовых качеств. Дана характеристика темпам биологического созревания, которые влияют на физическое развитие, уровень физической подготовленности и спортивные достижения юных спортсменов

Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200GeV

We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[sNN]=200GeV using the STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We extract the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss radii and study their multiplicity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle dependence. The Gaussianness of the correlation function is studied. Estimates of the geometrical and dynamical structure of the freeze-out source are extracted by fits with blast-wave parametrizations. The expansion of the source and its relation with the initial energy density distribution is studied

Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at RHIC. $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent over the range $2.4 < |\eta| < 4$. The latter observation is similar to data from NA49 if the SPS rapidities are shifted by the difference in beam rapidity between RHIC and SPS. Back-to-back jets emitted out-of-plane are found to be suppressed more if compared to those emitted in-plane, which is consistent with {\it jet quenching}. Using the scalar product method, we systematically compared azimuthal correlations from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions. Flow and non-flow from these three different collision systems are discussed.Comment: Quark Matter 2004 proceeding, 4 pages, 3 figure

Azimuthal anisotropy: the higher harmonics

We report the first observations of the fourth harmonic (v_4) in the azimuthal distribution of particles at RHIC. The measurement was done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow generated at RHIC. The integrated v_4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v_2. For the sixth (v_6) and eighth (v_8) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the Quark Matter 2004 proceeding

Strange Resonance Production in p+p and Au+Au Collisions at RHIC Energies

Resonance yields and spectra from elementary p+p and Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} =$ 200 GeV from the STAR experiment at RHIC are presented and discussed in terms of chemical and thermal freeze-out conditions. Thermal models do not adequately describe the yields of the resonance production in central Au+Au collisions. The approach to include elastic hadronic interactions between chemical freeze-out and thermal freeze-out suggests a time of $\Delta \tau>$5 fm/c.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, proceedings of the Quark Matter 2004, in Oakland, California, to be published in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physic

Identified particles at large transverse momenta in STAR in Au+Au collisions @ sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

We report measurements of the ratios of identified hadrons (pi,K,p,Lambda) in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV as a function of both collision centrality and transverse momentum (p_T). Ratios of anti-baryon to baryon yields are independent of p_T within 2<p_T <6 GeV/c indicating that, for such a range, our measurements are inconsistent with theoretical pQCD calculations predicting a decrease due to a stronger contribution from valence quark scattering. For both strange and non-strange species, a strong baryon enhancement relative to meson yields is observed as a function of collision centrality in this intermediate p_T region, leading to p/pi and Lambda/K ratios greater than unity. The nuclear modification factor, R_cp (central relative to peripheral collisions), is used to illustrate the interplay between jet quenching and hadron production. The physics implications of these measurements are discussed with reference to different theoretical models.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of Quark Matter 2004 Conference, Jan 2004, Oakland, USA. Submitted to Journal of Physics