A változás csatornái: hálózati mechanizmusok összevetése a beavatkozások következtében

A tanulmány a személyes kapcsolathálózatoknak az egyén viselkedésére tett hatását vizsgálva a közösségtudomány (community science) ismeretanyagát bővíti, egyúttal csökkentve a kutatástól a gyakorlatig terjedő szakadékot. A kutatás két hálózati jellemzőre (a kohézióra és a strukturális ekvivalenciára) összpontosít, amikor a városi általános iskolák pedagógusainak azon beavatkozásait vizsgálja, amelyek a diákok iskolai előmenetelét és viselkedészavarainak enyhítését célozzák. Regressziós modellekkel vizsgáljuk, hogy a tanácsadói hálózatban elfoglalt hely miként befolyásolja a napi jelentőkártya (daily report card), illetve a társas tanulás (peer-assisted learning) módszerének heti használatát, összesen három iskolában, az óvodáskorúaktól a negyedik osztályosokig tanító pedagógusok körében. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a beavatkozások alkalmazása inkább a hasonló tanácsadói kapcsolathálózati mintázatokkal rendelkező tanárok körében terjed (tehát strukturális ekvivalencián keresztül), nem pedig a tanácsadói pozícióban lévők segítségével (vagyis a kohézió által). A más körülmények között kapott , hasonló eredményekkel összhangban a tanulmány arra hívja fel a figyelmet, hogy amennyiben a beavatkozás erősítése a cél, nem a közvetlen kapcsolatok, hanem a kapcsolathálózati minta alapján érdemes kiválasztani a változásügynököket (change agent)

Leveraging After-school Programs to Minimize Risks for Internalizing Symptoms Among Urban Youth: Weaving Together Music Education and Social Development

This study examined a university-community partnership, focusing on mental health promotion within an after-school music program. We pursued two goals: (a) supporting staff around student engagement and behavior management; (b) integrating social-emotional activities into the curriculum. We assessed youth’s mental health needs and examined feasibility of social-emotional activities delivered. One-hundred sixty-two youth participated in activities, while a subset of youth (n = 61) and their parents provided information on mental health need. Rates of anxiety and depression symptoms were high, and youth reported high satisfaction with the activities. Results suggest promise of this model for mental health promotion for urban youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved

Closing the research to practice gap: Redefining feasibility

Recent attention to closing the research to practice gap reflects a new paradigm in which community partners assume more active roles in intervention research. Funders are shaping this new genre of collaborative research, and yet still require letters of support from investigators documenting access to sites as evidence of feasibility. Defining feasibility by access, however, derives from a basic research model that translates poorly to a collaborative one. At the same time, university–community collaboration within externally funded research poses a number of ethical challenges. We encourage a redefinition of feasibility that prioritizes collaboration by reconstructing the purpose and content of letters of support and by encouraging investigators to build into studies sufficient time and specific plans for building sustainable partnerships

Association of a Park-Based Violence Prevention and Mental Health Promotion After-School Program With Youth Arrest Rates

This cohort study estimates the association of a park-based violence prevention and mental health promotion after-school program with youth arrest rates in Miami-Dade County, Florida

Two-Year Changes in Neighborhood Juvenile Arrests After Implementation of a Park-Based Afterschool Mental Health Promotion Program in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2015-2017

To examine the association of Fit2Lead, an afterschool park-based youth mental health promotion program, and neighborhood juvenile arrests (2015-2017) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. We tracked juvenile (ages 12-17 years) arrest rates over 2 years of program implementation across zip codes matched by (1) park and (2) baseline sociodemographics and youth arrests. Fit2Lead mental and physical health, meditation, resilience, and life skills activities were offered in 12 high-need areas for youths (n = 501) aged 12 to 17 years. We tested the association of Fit2Lead implementation (binary variable) and change in juvenile arrest rates by zip code, adjusting for area-level gender, age, race/ethnicity, single-parent households, and poverty. Fit2Lead was offered in areas composed of 48% male youths, 60% Hispanics, 29% non-Hispanic Blacks, 33% single-parent households, and 33% of residents living in poverty. After covariate adjustment, zip codes with Fit2Lead implementation showed a significant mean reduction (  < .001) in youth arrests per 10 000 youths aged 12 to 17 years per year compared with zip codes without program implementation (b = -6.9; 95% confidence interval = -9.21, -4.65). Park-based programs may have the potential to promote mental health and resilience, and also to prevent violence among at-risk youths

Fine-mapping of the 5p15.33, 6p22.1-p21.31, and 15q25.1 regions identifies functional and histology-specific lung cancer susceptibility loci in African-Americans.

BackgroundGenome-wide association studies of European and East Asian populations have identified lung cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 5p15.33, 6p22.1-p21.31, and 15q25.1. We investigated whether these regions contain lung cancer susceptibly loci in African-Americans and refined previous association signals by using the reduced linkage disequilibrium observed in African-Americans.Methods1,308 African-American cases and 1,241 African-American controls from 3 centers were genotyped for 760 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spanning 3 regions, and additional SNP imputation was carried out. Associations between polymorphisms and lung cancer risk were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by tumor histology where appropriate.ResultsThe strongest associations were observed on 15q25.1 in/near CHRNA5, including a missense substitution [rs16969968: OR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-1.97; P, 1.1 × 10(-4)) and variants in the 5'-UTR. Associations on 6p22.1-p21.31 were histology specific and included a missense variant in BAT2 associated with squamous cell carcinoma (rs2736158: OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.48-0.85; P, 1.82 × 10(-3)). Associations on 5p15.33 were detected near TERT, the strongest of which was rs2735940 (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73-0.93; P, 1.1 × 10(-3)). This association was stronger among cases with adenocarcinoma (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.65-0.86; P, 8.1 × 10(-5)).ConclusionsPolymorphisms in 5p15.33, 6p22.1-p21.31, and 15q25.1 are associated with lung cancer in African-Americans. Variants on 5p15.33 are stronger risk factors for adenocarcinoma and variants on 6p21.33 associated only with squamous cell carcinoma.ImpactResults implicate the BAT2, TERT, and CHRNA5 genes in the pathogenesis of specific lung cancer histologies