8,199 research outputs found
Classification of factorial generalized down-up algebras
We determine when a generalized down-up algebra is a Noetherian unique
factorisation domain or a Noetherian unique factorisation ring
Controlling the Error on Target Motion through Real-time Mesh Adaptation: Applications to Deep Brain Stimulation
We present an error-controlled mesh refinement procedure for needle insertion
simulation and apply it to the simulation of electrode implantation for deep
brain stimulation, including brain shift. Our approach enables to control the
error in the computation of the displacement and stress fields around the
needle tip and needle shaft by suitably refining the mesh, whilst maintaining a
coarser mesh in other parts of the domain. We demonstrate through academic and
practical examples that our approach increases the accuracy of the displacement
and stress fields around the needle without increasing the computational
expense. This enables real-time simulations. The proposed methodology has
direct implications to increase the accuracy and control the computational
expense of the simulation of percutaneous procedures such as biopsy,
brachytherapy, regional anesthesia, or cryotherapy and can be essential to the
development of robotic guidance.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure
Leland & Pyle Meet Foreign Aid? Adverse Selection and the Procyclicality of Financial Aid Flows
Official development assistance (grants and subsidized loans from foreign aid agencies) is the main source of external finance in developing countries. These financial aid flows are positively correlated with the recipients' business cycles, which is puzzling because it reinforces already strong and costly macroeconomic fluctuations in the recipient countries. We propose an explanation related to a familiar corporate finance theory of inside equity commitments. We assume that donor agencies and recipient governments value projects differently, and that donors know less than recipients do about projects. We show that donors can make an aid recipient idientify high-return projects by conditioning aid on the recipient's committing some of its own funds to the selected projects. This commitment makes recommending bad projects costly. Contributing "counterpart funds" is more difficult during economic downturns, however - which leads to aid procyclicality. This simple model of investment financing and aid provision produces aid contracts consistent with those used by aid agencies, rationalizes observed aid flow patterns, and yields a rich set of testable empirical predictions.Aid, Altruism, Adverse selection, Counterpart funds, Capital flow procyclicality
A model-independent dark energy reconstruction scheme using the geometrical form of the luminosity-distance relation
We put forward a new model-independent reconstruction scheme for dark energy
which utilises the expected geometrical features of the luminosity-distance
relation. The important advantage of this scheme is that it does not assume
explicit ansatzes for cosmological parameters but only some very general
cosmological properties via the geometrical features of the reconstructed
luminosity-distance relation. Using the recently released supernovae data by
the Supernova Legacy Survey together with a phase space representation, we show
that the reconstructed luminosity-distance curves best fitting the data
correspond to a slightly varying dark energy density with the Universe
expanding slightly slower than the Lambda CDM model. However, the Lambda CDM
model fits the data at 1 sigma significance level and the fact that our best
fitting luminosity-distance curve is lower than that of the corresponding
Lambda CDM model could be due to systematics. The transition from an
accelerating to a decelerating expansion occurs at a redshift larger than
z=0.35. Interpreting the dark energy as a minimally coupled scalar field we
also reconstruct the scalar field and its potential. We constrain
using the baryon acoustic oscillation peak in the SDSS luminous
red galaxy sample and find that the best fit is obtained with
, in agreement with the CMB data.Comment: 10 pages, 18 figure
Haldane's Fractional Statistics and the Riemann-Roch Theorem
The new definition of fractional statistics given by Haldane can be
understood in some special cases in terms of the Riemann-Roch theorem.Comment: 38050 Povo, Trento and Division de Physique Th\'eorique, IPN, 91406
Orsay Cedex, 19 pages, IPNO/TH 94-11, SISSA/27/94/EP,UFT/32
Interaction Quench in Nonequilibrium Luttinger Liquids
We study the relaxation dynamics of a nonequilibrium Luttinger liquid after a
sudden interaction switch-on ("quench"), focussing on a double-step initial
momentum distribution function. In the framework of the non-equilibrium
bosonization, the results are obtained in terms of singular Fredholm
determinants that are evaluated numerically and whose asymptotics are found
analytically. While the quasi-particle weights decay exponentially with time
after the quench, this is not a relaxation into a thermal state, in view of the
integrability of the model. The steady-state distribution emerging at infinite
times retains two edges which support Luttinger-liquid-like power-law
singularities smeared by dephasing. The obtained critical exponents and the
dephasing length are found to depend on the initial nonequilibrium state.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Spatial coherence and stability in a disordered organic polariton condensate
Although only a handful of organic materials have shown polariton
condensation, their study is rapidly becoming more accessible. The spontaneous
appearance of long-range spatial coherence is often recognized as a defining
feature of such condensates. In this work, we study the emergence of spatial
coherence in an organic microcavity and demonstrate a number of unique features
stemming from the peculiarities of this material set. Despite its disordered
nature, we find that correlations extend over the entire spot size and we
measure values of nearly unity at short distances and of 50%
for points separated by nearly 10 m. We show that for large spots, strong
shot to shot fluctuations emerge as varying phase gradients and defects,
including the spontaneous formation of vortices. These are consistent with the
presence of modulation instabilities. Furthermore, we find that measurements
with flat-top spots are significantly influenced by disorder and can, in some
cases, lead to the formation of mutually incoherent localized condensates.Comment: Revised versio
- …