41 research outputs found

    Quantum dot-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an energy-band tunable electron-transporting layer for open air-fabricated planar perovskite solar cells

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    Perovskite solar cells have been attracted as new representatives for the third-generation photovoltaic devices. Simple strategies for high efficiency with the long-term stability of solar cells are the challenges for commercial solar cell technology. Another challenge of the development toward industrial scale in perovskite solar cells is the production under the ambient and high humidity. In this sense, we successfully fabricated perovskite solar cells via solution depositions of all layers under ambient air with a relative humidity above 50%. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with the roles for efficient charge extraction and electron transportation properties were used as an electron-transporting layer in the cell fabrication. The modification of TiO₂ nanoparticles for energy band adjustment was done by doping with nontoxic cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots. With the variation of CdS concentrations, energy band is not only changeable, but the enhancement of the perovskite solar cells efficiency could be achieved compared with the conventional cells made of pristine-TiO₂ film and TiO₂ nanoparticles

    Advantages of N-Type Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Oxide Films for Micromorph Silicon Solar Cells

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    We report on the development and application of n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide films (n ξc-SiO:H) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide/hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (a-SiO:H/ξc-Si:H) micromorph solar cells. The n ξc-SiO:H films with high optical bandgap and low refractive index could be obtained when a ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) to silane (SiH4) flow rate was raised; however, a trade-off against electrical property was observed. We applied the n ξc-SiO:H films in the top a-SiO:H cell and investigated the changes in cell performance with respect to the electrical and optical properties of the films. It was found that all photovoltaic parameters of the micromorph silicon solar cells using the n top ξc-SiO:H layer enhanced with increasing the CO2/SiH4 ratio up to 0.23, where the highest initial cell efficiency of 10.7% was achieved. The enhancement of the open circuit voltage (Voc) was likely to be due to a reduction of reverse bias at subcell connection—n top/p bottom interface—and a better tunnel recombination junction contributed to the improvement in the fill factor (FF). Furthermore, the quantum efficiency (QE) results also have demonstrated intermediate-reflector function of the n ξc-SiO:H films

    Study of an Amorphous Silicon Oxide Buffer Layer for p-Type Microcrystalline Silicon Oxide/n-Type Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells and Their Temperature Dependence

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    Intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (i-a-SiO:H) films were used as front and rear buffer layers in crystalline silicon heterojunction (c-Si-HJ) solar cells. The surface passivity and effective lifetime of these i-a-SiO:H films on an n-type silicon wafer were improved by increasing the CO2/SiH4 ratios in the films. Using i-a-SiO:H as the front and rear buffer layers in c-Si-HJ solar cells was investigated. The front i-a-SiO:H buffer layer thickness and the CO2/SiH4 ratio influenced the open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and temperature coefficient (TC) of the c-Si-HJ solar cells. The highest total area efficiency obtained was 18.5% (Voc=700 mV, Jsc=33.5 mA/cm2, and FF=0.79). The TC normalized for this c-Si-HJ solar cell efficiency was −0.301%/°C

    Effect of the CO 2

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    This paper reports the preparation of wide gap p-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide (p-ξc-SiO:H) films using a 40 MHz very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. The reported work focused on the effects of the CO2/SiH4 ratio on the properties of p-ξc-SiO:H films and the effectiveness of the films as an emitter layer of crystalline silicon heterojunction (c-Si-HJ) solar cells. A p-ξc-SiO:H film with a wide optical band gap (E04), 2.1 eV, can be obtained by increasing the CO2/SiH4 ratio; however, the tradeoff between E04 and dark conductivity must be considered. The CO2/SiH4 ratio of the p-ξc-SiO:H emitter layer also significantly affects the performance of the solar cells. Compared to the cell using p-ξc-Si:H (CO2/SiH4 = 0), the cell with the p-ξc-SiO:H emitter layer performs more efficiently. We have achieved the highest efficiency of 18.3% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 692 mV from the cell using the p-ξc-SiO:H layer. The enhancement in the Voc and the efficiency of the solar cells verified the potential of the p-ξc-SiO:H films for use as the emitter layer in c-Si-HJ solar cells

    āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ• āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ

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    Master of Business Administration (Hospitality and Tourism Management), 2022Since the information and communication technology (ICT) advancement has shifted from traditional to digital marketing and hotel business in the tourism industry is also the primary sector that implements ICT. Thus, it is crucial to study and assess whether the sales and marketing personnel working in the hotel business in Phuket, Thailand are equipped with sales and digital marketing skill sets for the changing business environment. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to sales and marketing personnel working in the hotel business in Phuket, Thailand. A total of 210 useable questionnaires were subject to descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. It is found that the respondents acquired most of the skills in the dimension of interpersonal and salesmanship skills. Moreover, the skills of the dimension of interpersonal and salesmanship skills were also the required skills that the respondents perceived that it is important to be equipped with to work in hotel business’s sales and marketing. However, there were 34 out of 39 skill gaps that were statistically significantly different between the current level of acquired and future important level of required skill set. In addition, most of the skills in the dimension of search engine marketing (SEM) were the biggest skill gap that sales and digital marketing personnel are facing. The study result indicates that interpersonal skills, salesmanship skills, and digital marketing skills are perceived as essential skills that require reskilling and upskilling to gain a competitive advantage in the hotel business in the digital economy.āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āđ€āļ—āļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļš āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļēāļŠāļĩāļžāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ‰āļ°āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļžāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨāļˆāļķāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļˆāļēāļ āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ•āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 210 āļ„āļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰ āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāđāļšāļšāļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļīāļžāļĢāļĢāļ“āļ™āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļīāļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡ Paired sample t-test āđāļĨāļ° One-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļˆāļēāļāļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļē āļžāļ™āļąāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™ āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļ āļđāđ€āļāđ‡āļ•āļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒ āļ­āļĩāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ•āļ­āļšāđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ‡āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ° āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđāļĢāļ‡āđāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ• āđāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡ āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ° āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļĄāļĩ34 āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļˆāļēāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 39 āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ° āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ­āļ™āļēāļ„āļ•āđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļš āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļĒāļ°āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļī āļˆāļķāļ‡āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļē āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļĩāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™ SEM āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ Search Engine Marketing āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ” āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāļļāļ›āļœāļĨāļŠāļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļąāļāļĐāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨ āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ” āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļļāļ„āļĨāļēāļāļĢāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĨāļēāļ”āļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđāļĢāļĄāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢ āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļĻāļąāļāļĒāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļ‚āđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļąāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļĢāļ‡āđāļĢāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĒāļļāļ„āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆāļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļą

    Human Rights and Participatory Politics in Southeast Asia.

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