41 research outputs found
Quantum dot-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an energy-band tunable electron-transporting layer for open air-fabricated planar perovskite solar cells
Perovskite solar cells have been attracted as new representatives for the third-generation photovoltaic devices. Simple strategies for high efficiency with the long-term stability of solar cells are the challenges for commercial solar cell technology. Another challenge of the development toward industrial scale in perovskite solar cells is the production under the ambient and high humidity. In this sense, we successfully fabricated perovskite solar cells via solution depositions of all layers under ambient air with a relative humidity above 50%. Titanium dioxide (TiOâ) nanoparticles with the roles for efficient charge extraction and electron transportation properties were used as an electron-transporting layer in the cell fabrication. The modification of TiOâ nanoparticles for energy band adjustment was done by doping with nontoxic cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots. With the variation of CdS concentrations, energy band is not only changeable, but the enhancement of the perovskite solar cells efficiency could be achieved compared with the conventional cells made of pristine-TiOâ film and TiOâ nanoparticles
Advantages of N-Type Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Oxide Films for Micromorph Silicon Solar Cells
We report on the development and application of n-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide films (n Ξc-SiO:H) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide/hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (a-SiO:H/Ξc-Si:H) micromorph solar cells. The n Ξc-SiO:H films with high optical bandgap and low refractive index could be obtained when a ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) to silane (SiH4) flow rate was raised; however, a trade-off against electrical property was observed. We applied the n Ξc-SiO:H films in the top a-SiO:H cell and investigated the changes in cell performance with respect to the electrical and optical properties of the films. It was found that all photovoltaic parameters of the micromorph silicon solar cells using the n top Ξc-SiO:H layer enhanced with increasing the CO2/SiH4 ratio up to 0.23, where the highest initial cell efficiency of 10.7% was achieved. The enhancement of the open circuit voltage (Voc) was likely to be due to a reduction of reverse bias at subcell connectionân top/p bottom interfaceâand a better tunnel recombination junction contributed to the improvement in the fill factor (FF). Furthermore, the quantum efficiency (QE) results also have demonstrated intermediate-reflector function of the n Ξc-SiO:H films
Study of an Amorphous Silicon Oxide Buffer Layer for p-Type Microcrystalline Silicon Oxide/n-Type Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells and Their Temperature Dependence
Intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon oxide (i-a-SiO:H) films were used as front and rear buffer layers in crystalline silicon heterojunction (c-Si-HJ) solar cells. The surface passivity and effective lifetime of these i-a-SiO:H films on an n-type silicon wafer were improved by increasing the CO2/SiH4 ratios in the films. Using i-a-SiO:H as the front and rear buffer layers in c-Si-HJ solar cells was investigated. The front i-a-SiO:H buffer layer thickness and the CO2/SiH4 ratio influenced the open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and temperature coefficient (TC) of the c-Si-HJ solar cells. The highest total area efficiency obtained was 18.5% (Voc=700âmV, Jsc=33.5âmA/cm2, and FF=0.79). The TC normalized for this c-Si-HJ solar cell efficiency was â0.301%/°C
Effect of the CO 2
This paper reports the preparation of wide gap p-type hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon oxide (p-Ξc-SiO:H) films using a 40âMHz very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. The reported work focused on the effects of the CO2/SiH4 ratio on the properties of p-Ξc-SiO:H films and the effectiveness of the films as an emitter layer of crystalline silicon heterojunction (c-Si-HJ) solar cells. A p-Ξc-SiO:H film with a wide optical band gap (E04), 2.1âeV, can be obtained by increasing the CO2/SiH4 ratio; however, the tradeoff between E04 and dark conductivity must be considered. The CO2/SiH4 ratio of the p-Ξc-SiO:H emitter layer also significantly affects the performance of the solar cells. Compared to the cell using p-Ξc-Si:H (CO2/SiH4 = 0), the cell with the p-Ξc-SiO:H emitter layer performs more efficiently. We have achieved the highest efficiency of 18.3% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 692âmV from the cell using the p-Ξc-SiO:H layer. The enhancement in the Voc and the efficiency of the solar cells verified the potential of the p-Ξc-SiO:H films for use as the emitter layer in c-Si-HJ solar cells
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Master of Business Administration (Hospitality and Tourism Management), 2022Since the information and communication technology (ICT) advancement has shifted from traditional to digital marketing and hotel business in the tourism industry is also the primary sector that implements ICT. Thus, it is crucial to study and assess whether the sales and marketing personnel working in the hotel business in Phuket, Thailand are equipped with sales and digital marketing skill sets for the changing business environment. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to sales and marketing personnel working in the hotel business in Phuket, Thailand. A total of 210 useable questionnaires were subject to descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA.
It is found that the respondents acquired most of the skills in the dimension of interpersonal and salesmanship skills. Moreover, the skills of the dimension of interpersonal and salesmanship skills were also the required skills that the respondents perceived that it is important to be equipped with to work in hotel businessâs sales and marketing. However, there were 34 out of 39 skill gaps that were statistically significantly different between the current level of acquired and future important level of required skill set. In addition, most of the skills in the dimension of search engine marketing (SEM) were the biggest skill gap that sales and digital marketing personnel are facing.
The study result indicates that interpersonal skills, salesmanship skills, and digital marketing skills are perceived as essential skills that require reskilling and upskilling to gain a competitive advantage in the hotel business in the digital economy.āļāļąāļāļāļļāļāļąāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļĨāļĒāļĩāļŠāļēāļĢāļŠāļāđāļāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļĄāļĩāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļĨāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļđāļāđāļāļ
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āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļļāļĢāļāļīāļāđāļāļĒāļļāļāļāļīāļāļīāļāļąāļĨāļāļķāļāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļāļģāļĄāļēāļāļķāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāđāļāđāļāļđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļ
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āđāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļŠāļāļīāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļāļāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļāļīāļāļīāļāđāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļķāļ Paired sample t-test āđāļĨāļ° One-way
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