Evaluation of Software Understandability Using Software Metrics

Understandability is one of the important characteristics of software quality, because it may influence the maintainability of the software. Cost and reuse of the software is also affected by understandability. In order to maintain the software, the programmers need to understand the source code. The understandability of the source code depends upon the psychological complexity of the software, and it requires cognitive abilities to understand the source code. The understandability of source code is get effected by so many factors, here we have taken different factors in an integrated view. In this we have chosen roughset approach to calculate the understandability based on outlier detection. Generally the outlier is having an abnormal behavior, here we have taken that project has may be easily understandable or difficult to understand. Here we have taken few factors, which affect understandability, an brings forward an integrated view to determine understandability

BIOMETRIC AND RFID BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING PROCEDURE WITH EMBEDDED PROTECTION

Our project proposes and implements an easy and guaranteed approach to polling election by utilizing biometric. Because of the changes happened within the technology, a lot of advancements were introduced in the area of voting. Voters visit polling booths and cast their votes underneath the supervision of approved parties. Then your votes are counted by hand when the election has completed. In democratic communities, voting is a vital tool to gather and re-act people thinking’s. Typically, voting is carried out in centralized or distributed places known as polling booths. The electronic voting systems can be used that switch the incident and more importantly error-prone human Component. The improvisations goal at growing the versatility security, reliability, scalability from the model and supply a shorter period consumption to announce the end result. Nowadays, the voting procedure occurred by hand operating machines as well as through SMS also. However this electronic voting machine is really a unique and new idea which saves considerable time and eliminates the false voting with a false person. Within this system, the consumer needs to use his fingerprint to poll the authenticated election. The finger marks module had been kept in the federal government database. Hence this project supplies a best answer to prevent the false voting. The electronic voting machine was associated with the pc

ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL AND QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL PHENOLS AND FLAVONOIDS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS

Objective: The modern research is directed towards finding naturally occurring antioxidants of plant origin. To search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants, present study was undertaken to quantify total phenols and flavonoids and, evaluation and correlation of antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn, (PAAEt) belongs to Euphorbiace family under in vitro condition.Methods: Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was performed by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The antioxidant potential of P. amarus was tested with different antioxidant test systems; inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, superoxide and nitric oxide radicals with reducing power. Results: The plant extract has appreciable amounts of total phenolic compounds (120±2.0 mg GA eq. g-1) and flavonoids (3.02±0.13 mg Q eq. g-1) of the extract. PAAEt exhibited effective and strong antioxidant activity in dose-dependent manners in inhibiting LPO (IC50 623.4 μg/ml) and scavenging of free radicals such as DPPH (IC50 200.2 μg/ml), hydroxyl (IC50 280.6 μg/ml), superoxide (IC50 201.5 μg/ml), nitric oxide (IC50 408.5 μg/ml) with reducing power (IC50 500.0 μg/ml). PAAEt showed effective and strong positive correlation with reducing power (r2= 0.972) and LPO inhibition (r2= 0.964) and free-radicals (P<0.05).Conclusion: Presence of high amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and appreciable amounts of IC50 for various free radicals and inhibition of LPO and reducing power with significant strong positive correlation for scavenging of free radicals, LPO inhibition and reducing power indicated that PAAEt has strong antioxidant potential.Â

HANDHELD MONEY DEPOSIT AND WITHDRAWAL CELL BANKING GADGET

The primary concept of the micro-bank product is the financial institution should employ special persons which are licensed because the business correspondents (BC) to hold a micro-bank machine together. Each Business correspondents will most likely be allotted to a particular handheld guaranteed electronic doorstep banking system machine. The bank’s commensurate huge clientele isn’t inside the urban level however, inside the frequently pretermitted rural areas. The micro-bank technique is always attached to the central banking server using GSM communication. During this paper an assured handheld doorstep banking industry proven to as Micro-bank machine should certainly grant plan to totally free styles in rural areas and remote places for example cities. The micro-bank machine that will get the OTP information will record breaking speed of the feel of this message. Light tasks like acquiring away and off to the ATM and retreating cash cause humans in cities lose their operating hrs. and, consequently, miss a big live in the profit also. The look can also be operated within as well as on the far side within the regular banking hrs. The primary goal within the handheld machine should be to administer banking services like money withdrawals and money deposit while not the individual ever striving having a bank during remote areas wherever a GSM cellular association isn’t possible

Bats in the Ghats: Agricultural intensification reduces functional diversity and increases trait filtering in a biodiversity hotspot in India

The responses of bats to land-use change have been extensively studied in temperate zones and the neotropics, but little is known from the palaeotropics. Effective conservation in heavily-populated palaeotropical hotspots requires a better understanding of which bats can and cannot survive in human-modified landscapes. We used catching and acoustic transects to examine bat assemblages in the Western Ghats of India, and identify the species most sensitive to agricultural change. We quantified functional diversity and trait filtering of assemblages in forest fragments, tea and coffee plantations, and along rivers in tea plantations with and without forested corridors, compared to protected forests. Functional diversity in forest fragments and shade-grown coffee was similar to that in protected forests, but was far lower in tea plantations. Trait filtering was also strongest in tea plantations. Forested river corridors in tea plantations mitigated much of the loss of functional diversity and the trait filtering seen on rivers in tea plantations without forested corridors. The bats most vulnerable to intensive agriculture were frugivorous, large, had short broad wings, or made constant frequency echolocation calls. The last three features are characteristic of forest animal-eating species that typically take large prey, often by gleaning. Ongoing conservation work to restore forest fragments and retain native trees in coffee plantations should be highly beneficial for bats in this landscape. The maintenance of a mosaic landscape with sufficient patches of forest, shade-grown coffee and riparian corridors will help to maintain landscape wide functional diversity in an area dominated by tea plantations

β1 Integrin Maintains Integrity of the Embryonic Neocortical Stem Cell Niche

IInteractions between laminins and integrin receptors hold neural stem cells in place at the ventricular surface of embryonic brain. Transient disruption leads to abnormal stem cell divisions and permanent cortical malformation

MGNREGA, power politics, and computerization in Andhra Pradesh

The link between e-governance and accountability of state administrations for service provision has been problematized in the literature to date. However, little is known about its application to anti-poverty programmes, of which public workfare schemes are an increasingly important subset. In this paper we fill the gap with a study of MGNREGA, India’s largest workfare scheme, as it is being computerized in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh. A state-level information system was devised to ensure transparency of transactions, and hence combat the illicit diversion of the programme’s funds to non-entitled recipients. But while doing so, the system carries a policy of centralization, which concentrates decision-making power in the hands of a limited set of actors rather than distributing it across the programme’s stakeholders. In particular the Field Assistants, appointed officials responsible for the village-level management of the scheme, have direct control on the information inputted in the system, which reinforces their position of authority rather than challenging it in favor of greater empowerment of wageseekers. Furthermore, wage payments are traced by the information system till they reach the disbursement agencies, but are prone to capture in the “last mile” where workers collect their salaries, which results in greater vulnerability for them. As a result, MGNREGA workers are constructed by the new information system as sheer beneficiaries rather than active participants in the programme, which concurs to crystallizing power structures rather than resulting in wageseekers’ empowerment. Lessons are drawn for other states currently computerizing their social safety nets

Observations with the High Altitude GAmma-Ray (HAGAR) telescope array in the Indian Himalayas

The High Altitude GAmma-Ray (HAGAR) array is a wavefront sampling array of 7 telescopes, set-up at Hanle, at 4270 m amsl, in the Ladakh region of the Himalayas (Northern India). It constitutes the first phase of the HImalayan Gamma-Ray Observatory (HIGRO) project. HAGAR is the first array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes established at a so high altitude, and was designed to reach a relatively low threshold (currently around 200 GeV) with quite a low mirror area (31 m2). Regular source observations are running since September 2008. Estimation of the sensitivity of the experiment is undergoing using several hours of data from the direction of Crab nebula, the standard candle source of TeV gamma-ray astronomy, and from dark regions. Data were acquired using the On-source/Off-source tracking mode, and by comparing these sky regions the strength of the gamma-ray signal could be estimated. Gamma-ray events arrive close to telescope axis direction while the cosmic-ray background events arrive from the whole field of view. We discuss our analysis procedures for the estimate of arrival direction, estimate of gamma ray flux from Crab nebula, and the sensitivity of the HAGAR system, in this paper

Bats in the anthropogenic matrix: Challenges and opportunities for the conservation of chiroptera and their ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes

Intensification in land-use and farming practices has had largely negative effects on bats, leading to population declines and concomitant losses of ecosystem services. Current trends in land-use change suggest that agricultural areas will further expand, while production systems may either experience further intensification (particularly in developing nations) or become more environmentally friendly (especially in Europe). In this chapter, we review the existing literature on how agricultural management affects the bat assemblages and the behavior of individual bat species, as well as the literature on provision of ecosystem services by bats (pest insect suppression and pollination) in agricultural systems. Bats show highly variable responses to habitat conversion, with no significant change in species richness or measures of activity or abundance. In contrast, intensification within agricultural systems (i.e., increased agrochemical inputs, reduction of natural structuring elements such as hedges, woods, and marshes) had more consistently negative effects on abundance and species richness. Agroforestry systems appear to mitigate negative consequences of habitat conversion and intensification, often having higher abundances and activity levels than natural areas. Across biomes, bats play key roles in limiting populations of arthropods by consuming various agricultural pests. In tropical areas, bats are key pollinators of several commercial fruit species. However, these substantial benefits may go unrecognized by farmers, who sometimes associate bats with ecosystem disservices such as crop raiding. Given the importance of bats for global food production, future agricultural management should focus on “wildlife-friendly” farming practices that allow more bats to exploit and persist in the anthropogenic matrix so as to enhance provision of ecosystem services. Pressing research topics include (1) a better understanding of how local-level versus landscape-level management practices interact to structure bat assemblages, (2) the effects of new pesticide classes and GM crops on bat populations, and (3) how increased documentation and valuation of the ecosystem services provided by bats could improve attitudes of producers toward their conservation