8,780 research outputs found
Method of complex paths and general covariance of Hawking radiation
We apply the technique of complex paths to obtain Hawking radiation in
different coordinate representations of the Schwarzschild space-time. The
coordinate representations we consider do not possess a singularity at the
horizon unlike the standard Schwarzschild coordinate. However, the event
horizon manifests itself as a singularity in the expression for the
semi-classical action. This singularity is regularized by using the method of
complex paths and we find that Hawking radiation is recovered in these
coordinates indicating the covariance of Hawking radiation. This also shows
that there is no correspondence between the particles detected by the model
detector and the particle spectrum obtained by the quantum field theoretic
analysis -- a result known in other contexts as well.Comment: 9 pages, uses MPLA Style file, Accepted for publication in Mod. Phys.
Letts.
A study of turbulent flow between parallel plates by a statistical method
Turbulent Couette flow between parallel plates was studied from a statistical mechanics approach utilizing a model equation, similar to the Boltzmann equation of kinetic theory, which was proposed by Lundgren from the velocity distribution of fluid elements. Solutions to this equation are obtained numerically, employing the discrete ordinate method and finite differences. Two types of boundary conditions on the distribution function are considered, and the results of the calculations are compared to available experimental data. The research establishes that Lundgren's equation provides a very good description of turbulence for the flow situation considered and that it offers an analytical tool for further study of more complex turbulent flows. The present work also indicates that modelling of the boundary conditions is an area where further study is required
Flux Expulsion - Field Evolution in Neutron Stars
Models for the evolution of magnetic fields of neutron stars are constructed,
assuming the field is embedded in the proton superconducting core of the star.
The rate of expulsion of the magnetic flux out of the core, or equivalently the
velocity of outward motion of flux-carrying proton-vortices is determined from
a solution of the Magnus equation of motion for these vortices. A force due to
the pinning interaction between the proton-vortices and the neutron-superfluid
vortices is also taken into account in addition to the other more conventional
forces acting on the proton-vortices. Alternative models for the field
evolution are considered based on the different possibilities discussed for the
effective values of the various forces. The coupled spin and magnetic evolution
of single pulsars as well as those processed in low-mass binary systems are
computed, for each of the models. The predicted lifetimes of active pulsars,
field strengths of the very old neutron stars, and distribution of the magnetic
fields versus orbital periods in low-mass binary pulsars are used to test the
adopted field decay models. Contrary to the earlier claims, the buoyancy is
argued to be the dominant driving cause of the flux expulsion, for the single
as well as the binary neutron stars. However, the pinning is also found to play
a crucial role which is necessary to account for the observed low field binary
and millisecond pulsars.Comment: 23 pages, + 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
IoT-Based Solution for Paraplegic Sufferer to Send Signals to Physician via Internet
We come across hospitals and non-profit organizations that care for people
with paralysis who have experienced all or portion of their physique being
incapacitated by the paralyzing attack. Due to a lack of motor coordination by
their mind, these persons are typically unable to communicate their
requirements because they can speak clearly or use sign language. In such a
case, we suggest a system that enables a disabled person to move any area of
his body capable of moving to broadcast a text on the LCD. This method also
addresses the circumstance in which the patient cannot be attended to in person
and instead sends an SMS message using GSM. By detecting the user part's tilt
direction, our suggested system operates. As a result, patients can communicate
with physicians, therapists, or their loved ones at home or work over the web.
Case-specific data, such as heart rate, must be continuously reported in health
centers. The suggested method tracks the body of the case's pulse rate and
other comparable data. For instance, photoplethysmography is used to assess
heart rate. The decoded periodic data is transmitted continually via a
Microcontroller coupled to a transmitting module. The croaker's cabin contains
a receiver device that obtains and deciphers data as well as constantly
exhibits it on Graphical interfaces viewable on the laptop. As a result, the
croaker can monitor and handle multiple situations at once
Hawking radiation in different coordinate settings: Complex paths approach
We apply the technique of complex paths to obtain Hawking radiation in
different coordinate representations of the Schwarzschild space-time. The
coordinate representations we consider do not possess a singularity at the
horizon unlike the standard Schwarzschild coordinate. However, the event
horizon manifests itself as a singularity in the expression for the
semiclassical action. This singularity is regularized by using the method of
complex paths and we find that Hawking radiation is recovered in these
coordinates indicating the covariance of Hawking radiation as far as these
coordinates are concerned.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, Uses IOP style file; final version; accepted in
Class. Quant. Gra
Simultaneous determination of levocetrizine and phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride by RP-HPLC
The aim of the present study was to develop the simple, selective, rapid, precise and economical reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of levocetirizine and phenylpropanolamine HCl in solid dosage forms. The method was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna C18 (25 cm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μ) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.5% triethylamine (70:30 v/v, pH 3.0) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 220 nm. The retention time (RT) 1.8 min and 2.6 min for phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride and levocetrizine respectively. The % recovery of standard phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride and levocetrizine was found to be 98.17 to 103.56 and 98.893 to 10.422 respectively. The % recovery of sample phenylpropanolamine hydrocholride and levocetrizine was found to be 101.30 and 100.63 respectively. The validation of the proposed method was also carried out. The proposed method can be used for the estimation of these drugs in combined dosage forms
Estimation of properties of low-lying excited states of Hubbard models : a multi-configurational symmetrized projector quantum Monte Carlo approach
We present in detail the recently developed multi-configurational symmetrized
projector quantum Monte Carlo (MSPQMC) method for excited states of the Hubbard
model. We describe the implementation of the Monte Carlo method for a
multi-configurational trial wavefunction. We give a detailed discussion of
issues related to the symmetry of the projection procedure which validates our
Monte Carlo procedure for excited states and leads naturally to the idea of
symmetrized sampling for correlation functions, developed earlier in the
context of ground state simulations. It also leads to three possible averaging
schemes. We have analyzed the errors incurred in these various averaging
procedures and discuss and detail the preferred averaging procedure for
correlations that do not have the full symmetry of the Hamiltonian. We study
the energies and correlation functions of the low-lying excited states of the
half-filled Hubbard model in 1-D. We have used this technique to study the
pair-binding energies of two holes in and systems, which compare
well the Bethe ansatz data of Fye, Martins and Scalettar. We have also studied
small clusters amenable to exact diagonalization studies in 2-D and have
reproduced their energies and correlation functions by the MSPQMC method. We
identify two ways in which a multiconfigurational trial wavefunction can lead
to a negative sign problem. We observe that this effect is not severe in 1-D
and tends to vanish with increasing system size. We also note that this does
not enhance the severity of the sign problem in two dimensions.Comment: 29 pages, 2 figures available on request, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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