Diversity of mantids in tea plantation

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Incidence microbiological profile and drug resistance pattern of uropathogens causing asymptomatic bacteriuria among below poverty line diabetic male patients

Introduction: With the prevalence of DM increasing among rural population in developing countries, factors associated with diabetes and its complications also becomes more important. More than half of diabetic patients with ASB have upper urinary tract involvement and the frequency of symptomatic UTI had been significantly higher. Symptomatic UTIs tends to be more common in diabetic subjects with ASB than in those without ASB. Although ASB is of major concern in diabetic population, the long-term consequences of ASB in patients with DM are poorly documented, Almost all studies were performed among elderly women with type 2 diabetes and there is very little information on the occurrence of ASB among BPL diabetic males in our local setting. Hence in the present study the incidence and etiology of ASB among BPL diabetic male patients was monitored along with the resistance pattern of bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents.Materials and methods: Clean catch voided midstream urine samples were collected from 1131 BPL Diabetic male patients enrolled for the study. Wet film of centrifuged urine was performed to detect the presence of pus cells, epithelial cells, erythrocytes, microorganisms, cast. Culture was performed using standard loop method and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was studied using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method following CLSI guidelines.Results: Out of 1131 BPL diabetic male patients screened for ASB, 155 (13.7%) were culture positive. Among the uropathogens Gram negative bacilli was the most commonest type (72.7%) and the most prevalent organisms isolated was Klebsiella spp (35.2%), Enterococcus spp (22.4%), followed by E. coli (19.4 %) ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 7.3%), etc.,. 87.5% of E.coli isolated were ESBL, followed by 77.6 % of Klebsilla spp and 11.1 % Enteroabacter spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa reported in this study were 100% ESBL and 16.6% Metallo β lactamase (MBL) producers.8.1 % of Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) was also found in this study.Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high occurrence of ASB in BPL diabetic males (13.7%). Klebsiella was the most commonest uropathogen found in our study followed by Enterococcus , E.coli and Pseudomonas. E.coli and Pseudomonas showed high rates of drug resistance. Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin was the most effective drugs for majority of the isolates. Hence routine monitoring and screening for ASB in this population is essential. Moreover patients in rural parts of developing countries with diabetes has to be sensitized about the complications of ASB and regarding maintenance of their glycemic control which is of major importance in prevention of the condition

Phi-Meson Production at RHIC, Strong Color Fields and Intrinsic Transverse Momenta

We investigate the effects of strong color fields and of the associated enhanced intrinsic transverse momenta on the phi-meson production in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. The observed consequences include a change of the spectral slopes, varying particle ratios, and also modified mean transverse momenta. In particular, the composition of the production processes of phi mesons, that is, direct production vs. coalescence-like production, depends strongly on the strength of the color fields and intrinsic transverse momenta and thus represents a sensitive probe for their measurement.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Pentachlorophenol Induction of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa mexAB-oprM Efflux Operon: Involvement of Repressors NalC and MexR and the Antirepressor ArmR

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) induced expression of the NalC repressor-regulated PA3720-armR operon and the MexR repressor-controlled mexAB-oprM multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PCP's induction of PA3720-armR resulted from its direct modulation of NalC, the repressor's binding to PA3720-armR promoter-containing DNA as seen in electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) being obviated in the presence of this agent. The NalC binding site was localized to an inverted repeat (IR) sequence upstream of PA3720-armR and overlapping a promoter region whose transcription start site was mapped. While modulation of MexR by the ArmR anti-repressor explains the upregulation of mexAB-oprM in nalC mutants hyperexpressing PA3720-armR, the induction of mexAB-oprM expression by PCP is not wholly explainable by PCP induction of PA3720-armR and subsequent ArmR modulation of MexR, inasmuch as armR deletion mutants still showed PCP-inducible mexAB-oprM expression. PCP failed, however, to induce mexAB-oprM in a mexR deletion strain, indicating that MexR was required for this, although PCP did not modulate MexR binding to mexAB-oprM promoter-containing DNA in vitro. One possibility is that MexR responds to PCP-generated in vivo effector molecules in controlling mexAB-oprM expression in response to PCP. PCP is an unlikely effector and substrate for NalC and MexAB-OprM - its impact on NalC binding to the PA3720-armR promoter DNA occurred only at high µM levels - suggesting that it mimics an intended phenolic effector/substrate(s). In this regard, plants are an abundant source of phenolic antimicrobial compounds and, so, MexAB-OprM may function to protect P. aeruginosa from plant antimicrobials that it encounters in nature

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: Occurrence rates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and molecular typing in the global SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999

During 1997–1999, a total of 70,067 isolates (6631 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates) were analyzed in the SENTRY program by geographic region and body site of infection. The respiratory tract was the most common source of P. aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa isolation rates increased during the study interval. Europe was the only region to show a significant decline in β-lactam and aminoglycoside susceptibility rates. There was a reduction in the rates of susceptibility of Canadian isolates to imipenem and of Latin American isolates to meropenem. A total of 218 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates (MDR-PSA; resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin) were observed; MDR-PSA occurrence rates (percentages of all isolates) ranged from 8.2% (Latin America) to 0.9% (Canada). No antimicrobial inhibited >50% of MDR-PSA strains. Molecular characterization of selected, generally resistant strains was performed. Isolates showing unique ribogroups were found in Europe, Latin America, and the United States, but clonal spread was documented in several medical centers.A. C. Gales, R. N. Jones, J. Turnidge, R. Rennie, and R. Rampha

Online Survival Analysis Software to Assess the Prognostic Value of Biomarkers Using Transcriptomic Data in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

In the last decade, optimized treatment for non-small cell lung cancer had lead to improved prognosis, but the overall survival is still very short. To further understand the molecular basis of the disease we have to identify biomarkers related to survival. Here we present the development of an online tool suitable for the real-time meta-analysis of published lung cancer microarray datasets to identify biomarkers related to survival. We searched the caBIG, GEO and TCGA repositories to identify samples with published gene expression data and survival information. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival plot with hazard ratio and logrank P value are calculated and plotted in R. The complete analysis tool can be accessed online at: www.kmplot.com/lung. All together 1,715 samples of ten independent datasets were integrated into the system. As a demonstration, we used the tool to validate 21 previously published survival associated biomarkers. Of these, survival was best predicted by CDK1 (p<1E-16), CD24 (p<1E-16) and CADM1 (p = 7E-12) in adenocarcinomas and by CCNE1 (p = 2.3E-09) and VEGF (p = 3.3E-10) in all NSCLC patients. Additional genes significantly correlated to survival include RAD51, CDKN2A, OPN, EZH2, ANXA3, ADAM28 and ERCC1. In summary, we established an integrated database and an online tool capable of uni- and multivariate analysis for in silico validation of new biomarker candidates in non-small cell lung cancer

Regulation of Na+/K+ ATPase Transport Velocity by RNA Editing

Editing of Na+/K+ ATPase mRNAs modulates the Na+/K+ pump's turnover rate by selectively targeting the release of the final sodium to the outside