Efficiency Improvement Of An Electrical Transformer By Design Development Of FINS

A transformer is an electrical gadget that exchanges electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic affectation. Normally, transformers are utilized to increment or diminish the voltages of exchanging current in electric force applications; a differing current in the transformer's essential winding makes a changing attractive flux in the transformer center and a shifting attractive field impinging on the transformer's auxiliary winding. This fluctuating attractive field at the auxiliary winding affects a shifting electromotive power (EMF) or voltage in the optional winding. Making utilization of Faraday's Law in conjunction with high attractive porousness center properties, transformers can along these lines be intended to proficiently change AC voltages starting with one voltage level then onto  another within power networks.   Copper losses are resistive and proportional to load current and are sometimes called “load losses”, as the transformer is loaded; heat is produced in the primary and secondary windings and connections due to losses. At low loads, the quantity of heat produced will be small but as load increases, the amount of heat produced becomes significant at full load, the windings will be operating at or near their design temperature, Figure shows the relationship between load-current and the heat produced in transformer windings and connections. If the ambient temperature is too high then the transformer will automatically fail to work , even though some coolants are employed in the transformers to carry away the heat, they are not enough during summer seasons so there is a need to develop better cooling systems In this project we develop better cooling system for a transformer using 3D modelling and Finite Element Methods so that the transformers will work without fail. For 3D modelling we use Catia V5 R20 and for finite element analysis we use Ansys 15.

Time Delay Correlations in Chaotic Scattering: Random Matrix Approach

We study the correlations of time delays in a model of chaotic resonance scattering based on the random matrix approach. Analytical formulae which are valid for arbitrary number of open channels and arbitrary coupling strength between resonances and channels are obtained by the supersymmetry method. We demonstrate that the time delay correlation function, though being not a Lorentzian, is characterized, similar to that of the scattering matrix, by the gap between the cloud of complex poles of the $S$-matrix and the real energy axis.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 4 figures availible upon reques

ALK-positive histiocytosis: a new clinicopathologic spectrum highlighting neurologic involvement and responses to ALK inhibition

ALK-positive histiocytosis is a rare subtype of histiocytic neoplasm first described in 2008 in three infants with multisystemic disease involving the liver and hematopoietic system. This entity has subsequently been documented in case reports and series to occupy a wider clinicopathologic spectrum with recurrent KIF5B-ALK fusions. The full clinicopathologic and molecular spectra of ALK-positive histiocytosis remain, however, poorly characterized. Here, we describe the largest study of ALK-positive histiocytosis to date, with detailed clinicopathologic data of 39 cases, including 37 cases with confirmed ALKrearrangements. The clinical spectrum comprised distinct clinical phenotypic groups: infants with multisystemic disease with liver and hematopoietic involvement, as originally described (Group 1A: 6/39), other patients with multisystemic disease (Group 1B: 10/39), and patients with single-system disease (Group 2: 23/39). Nineteen patients of the entire cohort (49%) had neurologic involvement (seven and twelve from Groups 1B and 2, respectively). Histology included classic xanthogranuloma features in almost one third of cases, whereas the majority displayed a more densely cellular, monomorphic appearance without lipidized histiocytes but sometimes more spindled or epithelioid morphology. Neoplastic histiocytes were positive for macrophage markers and often conferred strong expression of phosphorylated-ERK, confirming MAPK pathway activation. KIF5B-ALK fusions were detected in 27 patients, while CLTC-ALK, TPM3-ALK, TFG-ALK, EML4-ALK and DCTN1-ALK fusions were identified in single cases. Robust and durable responses were observed in 11/11 patients treated with ALK inhibition, ten with neurologic involvement. This study presents the existing clinicopathologic and molecular landscape of ALK-positive histiocytosis, and provides guidance for the clinical management of this emerging histiocytic entity.Molecular tumour pathology - and tumour genetic

Type 2 diabetes mellitus coincident with pulmonary or latent tuberculosis results in modulation of adipocytokines

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as major risk factor for the progress of active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), although the mechanistic link between diabetes and tuberculosis remains poorly characterized. Moreover, the influence of poorly controlled diabetes on the baseline levels of adipocytokines in the context of tuberculosis has not been explored in detail. To characterize the influence of coexistent DM on adipocytokine levels in pulmonary or latent TB (LTB), we examined circulating levels of adipocytokines in the plasma of individuals with PTB-DM or LTB-DM and compared them with those without DM (PTB or LTB). PTB-DM or LTB-DM is characterized by diminished circulating levels of adiponectin and adipsin and/or heightened circulating levels of leptin, visfatin and PAI-1. In addition, adiponectin and adipsin exhibit a significant negative correlation, whereas with leptin, visfatin and PAI-1 display a significant positive correlation with HbA1C levels and random blood glucose levels. Therefore, our data reveal that PTB-DM or LTB-DM is characterized by alterations in the systemic levels of adipocytokines, indicating that altered adipose tissue inflammation underlying Type 2 diabetes potentially contributes to pathogenesis of TB disease

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted during rabi 2011 at Research farm, Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Bijapur on a deep black soil under rainfed condition to study the effect of different tillage practices imposed during kharif and different nitrogen sources on rabi sunflower growth and yield. Tillage practices had no significant effect on growth and yield of sunflower crop. Yield components like number of seeds per head (1068.6) and seed weight per head (55.1 g) were significantly higher with the minimum tillage while tillage practices did not show significant influence on seed yield and stalk yield. Sunflower fertilized with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, dry matter production than rest of the treatments. Yield attributes viz. head diameter (10.6 cm) and number of seeds per head (1174.8) were significantly higher with 100% RDF (35:50:35 N: P2O5 : K2O kg ha -1 ) but on par with in- situ sunnhemp green manure incorporation @ 2.5 t ha -1+ 50% recommended dose of nitrogen through urea and in -situ sunnhemp green manure incorporation @ 5 t ha -1. Seed yield (1187 kg ha -1) and stalk yield (2484 kg ha -1) of sunflower were significantly higher with 100% RDF over farmers’ practice (24:30:0 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha -1) but was on par with rest of the treatments. Reducing the tillage intensity did not significantly influence yields and substituting 50% nitrogen through organic sources produced yields comparable to that of inorganic source of nitrogen application.Not Availabl