PENCATATAN KEDUA DAN BEBERAPA ASPEK BIOLOGI LOBSTER BATIK MERAH (Panulirus longipes femoristriga Von Martens, 1872) YANG DITANGKAP DI TELUK SEPI, LOMBOK BARAT

Panulirus longipes femoristriga atau lobster batik merah merupakan salah satu jenis tropical spiny lobster dari Famili Palinuridae yang jarang ditemukan di Perairan Indonesia. Untuk itu penting dilakukan pengamatan aspek biologi lobster batik merah ini dan sejarah penemuannya di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode percobaan penangkapan dengan tangan dan bantuan kompresor. Beberapa analisis yang dilakukan antara lain analisis komposisi, kelas ukuran, kebiasaan makanan, analisis tingkat kematangan gonad dan fekunditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan sejarah ditemukan, lobster batik merah (P. l. femoristriga) merupakan tropical spiny lobster dari kelompok Palinuridae dan merupakan salah satu sub varian dari lobster batik (P. longipes). Jenis ini tercatat ditemukan di perairan Lombok sebagai lokasi ke empat di Indonesia setelah Perairan Sulawesi, Papua Barat, dan Ambon. Komposisinya di perairan menempati nilai prosentase bobot dan jumlah masing masing dalam kisaran 11,26-12,03 % dan 21,28- 22,5 %, berada di urutan ke empat setelah lobster batu, bambu dan batik. Struktur ukuran hasil tangkapan didominasi ukuran larang tangkap. Kebiasaan makanan dari lobster batik merah terdiri atas kelompok moluska: jenis gastropoda dan bivalvia, krustasea jenis udang udangan dan kepiting serta makrofita. Fekunditas bekisar antara 8.332 – 66.076 butir dengan diameter telur berkisar antara 0,45-0,79 mm. Panjang karapas dan bobot pada saat pertama kali matang gonad masing-masing adalah 3,8 – 4,7 cm (4.3 cm) dan 66,12 – 106,45 gr. (rata rata 87,58 gr).Panulirus longipes femoristriga or red batik lobster (white-whiskered coral crayfish) is one type of tropical spiny lobster from the Family of Palinuridae that is rarely found in Indonesian waters. It is important to observe the biological aspects of this red batik lobster and the history of its discovery in Indonesian waters. The research was carried out using a hand-held method of and compressor equipment. Several analyzes were performed, among others, composition analysis, class size, food habits, maturity level analysis of gonad and fecundity. The results showed that based on the history of the red batik lobster (P. l. femoristriga) tropical spiny lobster of one of sub variants of batik lobster (P. longipes). This species recorded is found in the waters of Lombok as the fourth location in Indonesia after the waters of Sulawesi, West Papua, and Ambon. Its composition occupies precentage value of weight and number of each in the range of 11.26 to 12.03% and 21.28 to 22.5% respectively, ranked as fourth after rock, bamboo and batik lobsters. The size of the catch is dominated by the size of the ban. The food habit of red batik lobsters of mollusks: gastropods and bivalves, crustaceans (shrimps) and crabs as well as macrophytes. Fecundity ranged between 8,332 - 66,076 eggs, with diameter ranging from 0.45 to 0.79 mm. The carapace length and weight at the first mature gonad ranged between 3.8 - 4.7 cm (4.3 cm) and 66.12 - 106.45 gr (average 87.58 gr), respectively

BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN GOLSOM (Hemichromis elongatus, Guichenot 1861) DI WADUK CIRATA, JAWA BARAT

Ikan golsom (Hemichromis elongatus, Guichenot 1861) merupakan jenis ikan introduksi yang tidak disengaja masuk ke perairan Waduk Cirata. Populasi ikan ini telah mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek biologi reproduksi ikan golsom meliputi nisbah kelamin, dugaan musim pemijahan TKG, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, fekunditas dan sebaran diameter telur. Pengambilan ikan contoh dilakukan pada bulan Maret, Mei, Juli dan September 2011 menggunakan jaring insang percobaan dengan ukuran mata jaring yang berbeda. Ikan golsom yang diamati berjumlah 316 ekor dengan nisbah kelamin adalah 1:1,20. Nisbah kelamin berada pada kondisi seimbang pada setiap waktu penelitian. Ikan golsom dapat memijah lebih dari satu kali dalam setahun dengan dugaan puncak pemijahan pada musim kemarau, dimulai pada bulan Maret hingga Juli. Ikan jantan mencapai pertama kali matang gonad pada ukuran panjang 11,3 cm (kisaran antara 10,5-12,2 cm), sedangkan ikan betina pada ukuran 10,7 cm (kisaran antara 10,1-11,5 cm). Fekunditas berkisar antara 511-4.900 butir (rata-rata 2.131 butir), diameter telur berukuran antara 0,28-1,58 mm dengan tipe pemijahan bersifat partial spawner.Banded jewel cichlid (Hemichromis elongatus, Guichenot 1861) is unintentional introduced fish in Cirata Reservoir. These fish populations have significant increased in the last five years. The objective of this research were to analyze reproductive biological aspects of banded jewel cichlid such as sex ratio, spawning season, length at first maturity, fecundity and distribution of egg diameter. Research was conducted in March, May, July and September 2011. Experimental gillnet segregated into seven different mesh size were used for fish sampling. Banded jewel cichlid samples observed were 316 fishes with sex ratio of 1:1.20. Sex ratio indicated balanced conditions. The fish spawned more than once a year with peak spawning period was occurred at dry seasons, from March until July. Total length at first maturity of banded jewel male was 11.3 cm (range of 10.5 to 12.2 cm), while for the female it was 10.7 cm (range of 10.1 to 11.5 cm). Fecundity of this fish in the ranged of 511 to 4,900 eggs (average of 2,131 eggs), with eggs diameter in the range of 0.28 to 1.58 mm indicating that banded jewel was categorized as partial spawner fish

PEMANFAATAN MAKANAN OLEH UDANG GALAH (Macrobranchium rosenbergii) DAN INTERAKSINYA DENGAN JENIS IKAN DIWADUK DARMA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penebaran udang galah (Macrcbranchium rosenbergii) di Waduk Darma ditinjau dari pemanfaatan makanan dan interaksi udang galah dengan jenis ikan yang ada

BEBERAPAASPEK BIOLOGI IKAN OSKAR (Amphilophus citrinellus) DI WADUK IR. H. DJUANDA, JATILUHUR, JAWA BARAT

Ikan oskar (Amphilophus citrinellus) telah berkembang pesat di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda, di mana keberadaannya dianggap meresahkan pada kebanyakan nelayan setempat. Ikan ini mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang rendah dan bersifat omnivora-karnivora, diduga perkembangan ikan ini mampu mendesak perkembangan jenis ikan lainnya di perairan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi ikan oskar, meliputi pola kebiasaan pakan ikan, tingkatkematangan gonad, dan fekunditas yang dilakukan di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda, Jatiluhur. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret, Juni, Agustus, Oktober, dan Desember 2006. Pengambilan contoh ikan menggunakan gillnet percobaan dengan ukuran mata jaring 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 3,5; dan 4 inci. Ikan oskardi waduk Ir. H. Djuanda merupakan ikan omnivora-karnivora yang memanfaatkan tumbuhan dan ikan sebagai pakan utamanya, larva serangga, dan fitoplankton sebagai pakan tambahan dan serangga, detritus dan zooplankton sebagai pakan pelengkap. Dari hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa ikan oskar dapat berkembang dan bertelur sepanjang waktu dan fekunditasnya berkisar antara 1.595-3.567 butir. Oskar (Amphilophus citrinellus) has rapidly expanded in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir, where existence of the fish is assumed fretting by local fishermen. This fish has low economic value and the character is omnivore-carnivore, development anticipation of this fish can depress growth of other fish species in the territorial water. This research aims to know some biology aspects of Oskar in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir, such as food habit, level of gonad maturity, and fecundity. This study is conducted in March, June, August, October, and December 2006. Gillnet with mesh size of 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; and 4 inch were used for fish sampling. This species is categorised in omnovora-carnivora fish feed mainly on plant and small fish, while insect larvae and phytoplankton as additional food and insect, detritus andzooplankton as complement food. From this study resulted thet oskar could develop and spawn in a long season with fecundity range from 1,595-3,567 grains

KEBIASAAN MAKAN DAN LUAS RELUNG BEBERAPA JENIS UDANG DAN IKAN DI PESISIR MUARA KAKAP, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Sumberdaya udang dan ikan merupakan komoditas ekspor dari sektor perikanan dan merupakan sasaran utama bagi usaha penangkapan di Kalimantan Barat. Makanan merupakan kunci pokok bagi pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kebiasaan makan dan luas relung beberapa jenis udang dan ikan di perairan pesisirMuara Kakap, Kalimantan Barat. Pengambilan sampel udang dan ikan diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan nelayan yang didaratkan di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan sebanyak 4 kali ulangan (Maret, Juni, September dan November 2012). Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makan ikan adalah kombinasi antara analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan indeks bagian terbesar (Indeks of Preponderance) dan estimasi tingkat tropik jens ikan menggunakan analisis pengelompokkan (dendogram) berdasarkan pada jarak euklidean pautan lengkap (complete linkange). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok udang di perairan ini umumnya pemakan bangkai (scavenger) berupa sisa-sisa organisme hewanimaupun nabati yang berada di dasar perairan. Ikan di perairan banyakmemanfaatkan krustasea, tumbuhan dan cacing sebagai sumber makanannya, sehingga peluang terjadinya kompetisi sangatrendah, baikmakanan maupun ruang.Shrimp and fish resources are export commodities of the fisheries sector and are a main target for fishing effort inWest Kalimantan. Food is an important key to the growth and survival of fish. The purpose of this study was to evaluate eating habits and extensive niche some kind of shrimp and fish in the coastal waters of Muara Snapper,West Kalimantan. Samples were obtained from shrimp and fish catches of fishermen landed at the fish auction place as much as 4 replications (March, June, September and November 2012). The analytical method used to determine the feeding habits of fish is a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis using the lion’s share index (index of preponderance) and estimated trophic level of fish jens using clustering analysis (dendogram) based on the Euclidean distance of the complete linkage (complete linkange). The results showed that the group of shrimp in these waters are generally scavengers (scavenger) in the form of remnants of animal and vegetable organisms that are in the bottom waters. The fish in the waters of many utilizing crustaceans, plants and worms as a source of food, so the chances are very low competition, good food and space

KAJIANBIOLIMNOLOGI PERAIRANDI SITUCILEUNCA, BANDUNGJAWABARAT

Perairan Situ Cileunca terletak di Kabupaten Bandung Selatan, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Kegiatan peternakkan sapi perah yang berkembang sangat pesat diKecamatan Pengalengan sehingga menghasilkan limbah organik yang dibuang ke sungai dan akhirnya masuk ke Situ Cileunca. Hal tersebut mendorong terjadinya kerusakan habitat dan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman hayati perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui aspek biolimnologi dan beberapa aspek biologi beberapa jenis ikan dominan di Situ Cileunca. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli, Agustus, dan Oktober 2009. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kecerahan perairan Situ Cileunca bekisar antara 0,5- 0,8 m, oksigen terlarut sangat rendah (0,78-5,98 mg/l), ortofosfat relatif tinggi (0,028-0,469mg/l), dan kelimpahan fitoplankton tinggi (279.668-2.169.938 sel/l). Perairan ini dapat digolongkan mempunyai kesuburan eutrofikhipertrofik. Berdasarkan atas biomasa fitoplankton, Situ Cileunca mempunyai potensi sumber daya ikan berkisarantara 714-1.000 kg/ha. Jenis ikan yang ditemukan selama penelitian 11 jenis. Berdasarkan atas kebiasaanmakannyaikan betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata), golsom (Aequidens golsom), dan lele (Clarias batrachus) termasuk golonganikan karnivora, dan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) dan beunteur (Puntius binotatus) yang termasuk ikan herbivora. Di Situ Cileunca, kelimpahan pakan yang tersedia sangat tinggi tetapi jumlah ikan yangmemanfaatkan rendah, sehingga sumber daya pakan yang tersedia belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, Situ Cileunca perlu mengembangan culture based fisheries dengan penebaran jenis ikan pemakan plankton. Situ Cileunca waters located in South Bandung Regency, West Java Province. Activities of the dairy farm that growing very rapidly in the District of Pengalengan resulting organic wastes discharged into rivers and into Situ Cileunca. It encourages the occurrence of damage or degradation of habitat and affecting aquatic biodiversity. This study aims to determine the aspects of biolimnologies and some aspects of the biology of some fish species predominant in Situ Cileunca. The study was conducted in July, August, and October 2009. The observations showed that waters at Situ Cileunca transparancy range between 0.5-0.8m, dissolved oxygen is very low (0.78-5.98mg/l), orthophosphate relatively high (0.028-0.469 mg/l) and high phytoplankton abundance (279,668-2,169,938 cells/l). These waters can be classified into eutrophic-hypertrophic waters. Based on phytoplankton biomass, Situ Cileunca fish resources have the potential ranges between 714-1,000 kg/ha. Species of fish found during the study as many as 11 species. Based on the food habits of marbled gudgeon (Oxyeleotrismarmorata), red devil (Aequidens golsom), and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) grouped as carnivorous fish. On the otherhand common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and spotted barb (Puntius binotatus) classified as herbivorous fish. In Situ Cileunca, abundance of food available is very high but the amount of fish that use is still low, so the available feed resource has not been used optimally.Therefore, to develop culture based fisheries Situ Cileunca need to be stocked with plankton feeder species

KAJIAN KUALITAS AIR DALAM EVALUASI PENGEMBANGAN PERIKANAN DI WADUK IR. H. DJUANDA, JAWA BARAT

Budi daya ikan di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda (A=8.300 ha, Zmax=95 m, dan Z=36,5 m) berkembang sangat pesat, sehingga berdampak pada penurunan kualitas air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air bagi kepentingan perikanan dan mengidentifikasi sumber tekanan tertinggi di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Pengambilan data dilakukan setiap bulan dan tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2006. Pengamatan kualitas air dilakukan dengan metode pengambilan contoh air secara horisontal dan vertikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber utama degradasi kualitas air adalah bahan organik yang berasal dari Waduk Cirata. Distribusi vertikal oksigen terlarut di perairan menunjukkan ada stratifikasi dengan kedalaman epilimnion yang sangat tipis. Berdasarkan pada analisis kandungan fosfat dan nitrogen, waduk ini telah mengalami perubahan dari eutrofik (tahun 2004) menjadi hipereutrofik (tahun 2005 dan 2006). Degradasi tersebut cenderung meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah unit karamba jaring apung yang dikembangkan di Waduk Cirata dan Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan kegiatan budi daya dalam karamba jaring apung telah melampaui daya dukung dan cenderung mencemari perairan. Upaya mengatasi degredasi tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yaitu 1) mengurangi usaha budi daya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda dan Cirata dan 2) menebarkan jenis ikan yang mampu memanfaatkan plankton secara efektif. Development of fish culture in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir has been expanded very fast, so it might cause the degradation of water qualities. The aims to evaluated water quality for fisheries purpose and identify the primary pressure source in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir. The data were collected every month during year of 2004 to 2006. Water sampling was done by vertical and horizontal. The result indicates that the primary source degradation of water qualities was organic materials from Cirata Reservoir. Stratification of dissolved oxygen in the water column indicates with very thin epilimnion layer. Based on phosphate and N-compuonds analysis, Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir was changed from eutrophic in year 2004 to hipereutrophic in year 2005 and 2006. The degradation tends to increase with developing floating cage unit numbers in Cirata and Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir. This condition shows that the development of fish culture in floating cage seems have be over the carry capacity of reservoir and tend to spread the pollution in the water. It effort suggest that the would two ways, i.e. 1) decrease of fish culture activities using be done refering floating cages in Ir. H. Djuanda and Cirata Reservoir and 2) stocking of fish species which are capable to utilized the plankton effectively

Distribution and Habitat Karakteristics of Shrimp Juvenile in Segara Anakan Lagoon

Shrimp is a wealth of fishery resources are abundant and has a high economic value in Laguna Segara lagoon. So the existence and habitat of life from larvae to adult need attention to maintain the survival of shrimp. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the distribution of abundance and characteristics of shrimp juvenile habitat in Segara Anakan lagoon. Sampling is done 3 times (June, August and October 2013), with 9 stations Observation station. The results showed that the abundance of shrimp based on the amount in Segara Anakan lagoon was dominated by Metapenaeus elegans (205-8723 ind./1000 m2), whereas the abundance of  M. ensis, F merguensis, P. semisulcatus and P. monodon relatively low had the same habitat , ie waters with high fertility and relatively low salinity, relatively high pH. Found in Motean observation station, Muara Dua, Kleces and Majingklak. Harpiosquilla annandalei (0-330 ind/1000 m2), P. monodon (0-238 ind/1000 m2), and Acetes sp (0.1-5.196 ind/1000 m2) sounded a lot of water habitat that contain BOT and high zooplankton abundance. Thus the shrimp Harpiosquilla annandalei, P. monodon, and Acetes sp are found in Tritih observation stations, and are quite commonly found in Kleces observation stations.   Keywords: abundance, habitat preferences, juvenile shrimp, Segara Anakan Lagoo

RELATIONS OF SEVERAL PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PHYTOPLANKTON IN COASTAL KUBU RAYA DISTRICT, WEST KALIMANTAN

This research was conducted in April, July and October 2013 at 8 (eight) stations: 1. Tj. Intan, 2. Tj. Tempurung, 3. Tj. Bunga Dalam, 4. Tj. Bunga dalam, 5. Tj. Burung, 6. P. Dabung, 7. Tasik Malaya, and 8. Tj. Harapan. This study aims to determine the relationship between several physic-chemical parameters and phytoplankton abundance. The results show the growth of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) was determined by high concentration of NH4 and NO3, while its growth is limited by turbidity (turbidity). Station that has high fertility in the Coastal District of Kubu Raya is Dabung Island. Keyword: water quality, chlorophyll a, coastal Kubu Raya distric

PHYTOPLANKTON ABUNDANCE VARIATION AT FLOATING NET CAGE AREA, JATILUHUR RESERVOIR, WEST JAVA

Eutrophic waters are one triggering factor for the explosion of harmful phytoplankton populations. The aim of this study is to determine the abundance of phytoplankton in floating net cage area Jatiluhur Reservoir. Research carried out in January and March of 2009 and 2010. Water sample taken vertically by water depth, and taken temporally based on the observation time. The composition of phytoplankton and it is abundance in 2010 in Jatiluhur Reservoir less than 2009. 48–49 genus of phytoplankton found on 2009 and on 2010, just 20–25 species found. Based on its composition Chlorophyceae class more than others and based on its abundance, the Cyanophyceae class more dominated. The composition and the abundance of phytoplankton have a different pattern in every observation time and also changed by its depth. The highest of Cyanophyceae class indicated that Jatiluhur reservoir was eutrophic waters