Contexte environnemental et vie active chez les personnes ayant des incapacités physiques

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The press and the Dreyfus affair

This work aims not only to teach students about the Dreyfus affair, but also to think critically about information they receive from the news media

Promoting Active Living Among people with physical Disabilities

Background People with physical disabilities are more likely to be sedentary than the general population, possibly because they have an accrued sensitivity to environmental features. Objectives This paper describes the relationship between neighborhood-level active living buoys and the active living practices of adults with physical disabilities living in a large urban area. Methods A sample of 205 people with physical disabilities was recruited via a local rehabilitation center and its adapted fitness center. Telephone interviews were administered by senior occupational therapy students. The interview included a modified version of the Physical Activity and Disability Survey, a validated instrument that includes questions on physical activity, active transportation, and other activities of daily living. Individuals were geocoded within their census tract of residence (n=114) using their postal codes. Data on neighborhood active living potential were gleaned from systematic social observation. Results Multilevel logistic regression analyses showed that the association between the presence of environmental buoys and leisure activity was significant (OR=4.0, 95% CI=1.1–13.8) despite adjustments for individual difference variables while the association with active transportation became nonsignificant (OR=2.9, 95% CI=0.7–7.7) following adjustment for these variables. Conclusions People with physical disabilities who live in neighborhoods with more environmental buoys are more likely to report involvement in leisure-time physical activity

Levels of circulating cortisol and cytokines in members of the Canadian Armed Forces: Associations with age, sex and anthropometry

Objective: To assess blood levels of cortisol and cytokines (inflammatory and non-inflammatory) in members of the regular Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), and examine the associations between sex, age and adiposity and circulating levels of cortisol as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: As part of a larger ranging project, 331 blood samples were collected from a representative population of the total CAF, which included officers and non-commissioned women and men from the Air Force, Navy and Army. The blood samples were analyzed for levels of cortisol, C-Reactive Protein, adiponectin and 20 cytokines (that included interleukins, interferons and Tumor Necrosis Factors). Results: Higher levels of adiponectin were found in women compared to men (median and IQR; 16.71 (7.68-25.32) vs 5.81 (3.52-13.19) Âľg/ml), and higher levels of IL-18 in men compared to women (89.25 (84.03-94.48) vs 75.91 (69.70-82.13) pg/ml). An association between age and levels of stress and inflammatory cytokines was observed, with CRP, IL-18, IL-2 and adiponectin all increasing with increasing age. However, contrary to trends seen in the general population, cortisol levels decreased with increasing age. Levels of CRP and IL-18 increased with an increase in adiposity, while adiponectin levels decreased. Most importantly, at the entire cohort level, a low detection rate for most of the cytokines was observed with 17 out of 22 cytokines having a detection below 10%. Conclusion: In this CAF population, although an association between age and inflammatory cytokines was observed, both sex and adiposity had a small impact on levels of cortisol and cytokines.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Actes du 8e Colloque de l'AQPC

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 1er mars 2012)Réussite scolaire et minorités ethnoculturelles / Communication de Peggy Tchoryk-Pelletier -- Le défi de la multiethnicité / Communication de Ronald Spivoc

Association between Neighborhood Active Living Potential and Walking

This paper examines the association between neighborhood active living potential and walking among middle-aged and older adults. A sample of 2,614 (61.1% women) persons aged 45 years or older and living in one of 112 census tracts in Montreal, Canada, were recruited between February and May of 2005 to participate in a 20-minute telephone survey. Data were linked to observational data on neighborhood active living potential in the 112 census tracts and analyzed through multilevel modeling. Greater density of destinations in the census tract was associated with greater likelihoods of walking for any reason at least 5 days per week for at least 30 minutes (odds ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.94). Associations were attenuated but remained statistically significant after controlling for socioeconomic, health, lifestyle, and other physical activity characteristics. Sensitivity analyses showed that associations were robust across smaller and larger volumes of walking. No associations were found between dimensions of neighborhood active living potential and walking for recreational reasons. The authors conclude that a larger number and variety of neighborhood destinations in one's residential environment are associated with more walking and possibly more utilitarian walking among middle-aged or older adults

From Walkability to Active Living Potential. An "Ecometric" Validation Study

Background The purpose of this paper is to establish the reliability and validity of a neighborhood-level measure of active living potential by applying principles of ecometrics. Methods Following a 3-day training session, observers (n =8) were provided with a map of a predetermined walking route constructed through the joining of ten randomly selected street blocks. Then, using an 18-item observation grid, pairs of observers performed ratings of 112 neighborhoods. Resulting observations produced a hierarchically structured data set including 4032 observations nested within observers, which in turn were nested within neighborhoods. Data from the 2001 Canadian census were linked to the neighborhood data. Results Application of ecometric multilevel modeling analyses showed that once interitem and interobserver variability were statistically controlled, about one third of the variability in observations were at the between-neighborhood level. Reliability estimates were 0.78 for items measuring activity-friendliness, 0.76 for safety, and 0.83 for density of destinations. Assessment of the convergent validity of the instrument identified that safety of the environment was positively associated with neighborhood affluence. Density of destinations was negatively associated with affluence and positively associated with higher proportions of persons in the neighborhood walking to work. Conclusions The three dimensions of the neighborhood active-living potential measure have good reliability and convergent validity and are able to capture between neighborhood differences. Measurement characteristics would have been difficult to ascertain without the ecometrics methodology