15 research outputs found
Promene sastava masnih kiselina i sadržaja lipida u mesu Ŕarana (cyprinus carpio l.) U zavisnosti od dodatne hrane
U ovom radu razmatrane su promene grupa masnih kiselina (zasiÄenih, mononezasiÄenih, polinezasiÄenih n-3 i n-6, kao i njihovog odnosa n-3/n-6) u zavisnosti od sadržaja lipida u mesu Å”arana sa dve vrste prihranjivanja (ekstrudirane hrane i kukuruza). Vrsta koriÅ”Äene hrane znaÄajno je uticala na sadržaj lipida deponovanih u tkivu ribe. Korelacija lipida sa sastavom masnih kiselina pokazala je, da se sa poveÄanjem sadržaja lipida u mesu Å”arana, masnokiselinski sastav znaÄajno menjao: poveÄavale su se mononezasiÄene masne kiseline, sa dominantnom oleinskom kiselinom (18:1n-9), a istovremeno smanjivale n-3 i n-6 polinezasiÄene masne kiseline. Istraživanja koja su prikazana u ovom radu su ukazala na opravdanost prihranjivanja Å”arana ekstrudiranom hranom u cilju poboljÅ”anja kvaliteta mesa ribe
Hemijski sastav i sadržaj holesterola u komercijalnim slatkovodnim vrstama riba u Srbiji
Riba se, pripremljena na razliÄite naÄine, konzumira u celom svetu, zahvaljujuÄi Äinjenici da riblje meso sadrži veoma znaÄajne komponente za ishranu ljudi. Riba je bogat izvor visokovrednih proteina, vitamina i esencijalnih minerala, ali iznad svega predsavlja veoma bogat izvor omega-3 i omega-6 polinezasiÄenih masnih kiselina, koje su veoma znaÄajne za zaÅ”titu zdravlja potroÅ”aÄa.
Holesterol je, takoÄe, znaÄajan za organizam Äoveka. PotroÅ”nja namirnica sa visikom sadržajem holesterola može da ima za posledicu nastajanje brojnih kardiovaskularnih oboljenja.
Cilj ovih ispitivanja je bio da se odredi hemijski sastav i sadržaj holesterola u komercijalnim slatkovodnim vrstama riba (amur, tolstolobik i Å”aran), gajenim u dva objekta za akvakvakulturu u Srbiji. Sa druge strane, da bi se poredili parametri kvaliteta (proteini, voda, mast, pepeo) i sadržaj holesterola u ribljim vrstama, gajenim u Srbiji sa uvoznim, u poslednje vreme veoma zastupljenim na naÅ”em tržiÅ”tu, uzorci pangasiusa iz Vijetnama takoÄe su analizirani.
U ovom radu analizirani su uzorci amura, tolstolobika i Å”arana gajenih u dva ribnjaka sa poluintezivim uzgojem ali razliÄitim naÄinima ishrane. U prvom ribnjaku riba je hranjena komercijalnom ekstrudiranom hranom, dok su u drugom ribnjaku, kao dodatna hrana prirodnoj, koriÅ”Äene žitarice. Uzorci pangasiusa iz Vijetnama uzeti su sa tržiÅ”ta.
StatistiÄkom evaluacijom dobijenih rezultata za hemiski sastav (proteini, voda, mast, pepeo) i sadržaj holesterola u amuru, tolstolobiku i Å”aranu iz prvog ribnjaka ustanovljeno je da postoji statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika (p0,005) izmeÄu sadržaja holesterola u tolstolobiku i amuru.
U drugom ribnjaku, sa izuzetkom sadržaja proteina, takoÄe je ustanovljeno da postoji statistiÄki zanaÄajna razlika (p<0,005) u sadržaju istog parametra kvaliteta kod najmanje dve vrste ribe. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u sadržaju holesterola ustanovljna je izmeÄu tolstolobika i amura.
Dobijeni rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju da se amur, u poreÄenju sa Å”aranom i tolstolobikom iz oba ribnjaka, može smatrati nutritivno najkvalitetnijom vrstom ribe.
Ispitana riba iz familije ciprinida (Å”aran, tolstolobik i amur) iz domaÄe akvakulture ima veÄi sadržaj proteina u odnosu na pangasiusa iz Vijetnama, tako da ona predstavlja nutritivno kvalitetniju namirnicu u ishrani ljudi
Multivarijantna analiza sastava masnih kiselina mesa Ŕarana u toku poluintenzivnog gajenja
PoreÄenje masnokiselinskog sastava mesa Å”arana pomoÄu multivarijantnih metoda, kao Å”to su analiza glavnih komponenti (PCA) i linearna diskriminaciona analiza (LDA), omoguÄava razdvajanje riba prema naÄinu ishrane i bolje razumevanje promena u sastavu masnih kiselina tokom uzgoja. U periodu od aprila do oktobra, sa Å”aranskog ribnjaka u kojem je riba bila prihranjivana ekstrudiranom hranom, ispitano je dvadeset osam Å”arana. Mase riba su se znaÄajno poveÄale izmeÄu juna i septembra (P 0,6; P < 0,0001). Zbog veÄe dostupnosti prirodne hrane, u aprilu i junu, doÅ”lo je do poveÄanja sadržaja n-3 polinezasiÄenih masnih kiselina u mesu Å”arana, Å”to je doprinelo boljem kvalitetu ribe. Prihrana Å”arana sa ekstrudiranom hranom uticala je na poveÄanje sadržaja n-6 polinezasiÄenih masnih kiselina, koje su u septembru bile znaÄajno veÄe u odnosu na juni (P < 0,01), ali i na smanjenje nutritivno važnih n-3 polinezasiÄenih masnih kiselina (P < 0,01). Odnos n-3/n-6 je bio najveÄi u junu (0,30), a najmanji u oktobru (0,16). LDA analizom postignuto je razdvajanje Å”arana prema periodu uzorkovanja, Å”to je u korelaciji sa vrstom unete hrane u ovim periodima. NajveÄa sliÄnost u masnokiselinskom sastavu ustanovljena je izmeÄu Å”arana u septembru i oktobru, kao posledica smanjenja koliÄine dostupne prirodne hrane i veÄeg unosa ekstrudirane hrane. PCA i LDA su pokazale da je doÅ”lo do znaÄajnih promena u sastavu masnih kiselina Å”arana tokom uzgoja ribe. Rezultati koji su dobijeni u ovom radu o uticaju ishrane na sastav masnih kiselina i sadržaj lipida u mesu Å”arana doprineÄe poboljÅ”anju naÄina ishrane i konsekventno kvalitetu mesa gajenog Å”arana
Convergence on EU and USA Food Safety Regulation Approach, Regarding Foodborne Outbreaks
AbstractInternational food trade facilitates transport of either fresh food or traditional products worldwide. This facilitates availability of foodstuff, and enables migration of unsafe food. The most common food safety risk are foodborne pathogens, since they are ubiquitous and can cause epidemic spread. European Union and USA markets are the most dynamic in the world, so it was necessary to obtain satisfactory regulations at national and international level. Official number of foodborne outbreaks in 2013 are 5196 for Europe and 818 for the US. FSMA is the latest US policy change in approaching to Europe practice of preventing rather than reparing
MikrobioloŔki aspekti ekoloŔkog statusa Ŕaranskog ribnjaka tokom trogodiŔnjeg perioda
Å aranski ribnjaci su, pored pastrmskih ribnjaka jedan od dva najzastupljenija vida akvakulture na naÅ”im prostorima. Konzumni Å”aran može da dostigne dužinu od preko 30 cm i masu preko 6 kg. Meso Å”arana bogato je polinezasiÄenim masnim kiselinama koje imaju korisno delovanje u ishrani. Å aran iz akvakulture, dobro je prilagoÄen na uslove životne sredine, koji su sliÄni onima u prirodnom staniÅ”tu. Naseljava bentos i pelagijal, rastresiti mulj i vegetaciju Å”irokih, usporenih vodotokova. Å aran je omnivor i hrani se reÄnim rakovima, insektima, crvima, larvama i submerznim biljkama. Pored makroozooplanktna i makrozoobentosa, mikroskopski vidljive alge, bakterije, gljive i virusi prisutne su u ekosistemu Å”aranskih ribnjaka. Bakterije mogu biti korisne, bezopasne, Å”tetne ili patogene. E. coli i Enterobacteriaceae važni su pokazatelji fekalnog zagaÄenja vode i rizika po zdravlje gajenih životinja. Zdrave jedinke Å”arana u svom crevnom sistemu imaju korisne bakterije, saprofite, koje u uslovima optimalnog metabolizma, postaju dominantne. Saprofitnu mikrofloru crevnog sistema Å”arana Äine, sa viÅ”e od 99 % Bacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomycetes, itd. Aerobne i fakultativno aerobne bakterije Äine oko 1 % crevne mikroflore. RazliÄite su bakterije koje izazivaju oboljenja gajene ribe. Aeromonas spp. su Gram- negativne bakterije koje naseljavaju prirodno staniÅ”te slatkovodnih i morskih ekosistema a i deo su oportunistiÄke saprofitne mikroflore gastrointestinalnog trakta. Aeromonas spp. vrlo je Äest izolat iz hemoragiÄnih lezija i nekrotiÄnih delova tkiva. Kod Å”arana, Aeromonas salmonicida dovodi do oboljenja, poznatijeg kao eritrodermatitis. Septikemije kod Å”arana mogu izazvati pokretljive aeromonade, A. hydrophila, A. sobria i A.caviae. U sluÄaju oboljenja Å”arana, gde je veoma velika gustina populacije ribe u ribnjaku, lako dolazi do Å”irenja bolesti, a sama bolest teÅ”ko se iskorenjuje, uz velike ekonomske gubitke.
Enterobakterije obuhvataju rodove Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Edwardsiella i Yersinia. Ukupno je ispitivano po 6 uzoraka ribe (koža i miÅ”iÄ), hrane za ribe, mulja i vode, tokom 4 godiÅ”nja doba, tokom trogodiÅ”njeg perioda.
Uzorci kože i miÅ”iÄa Å”arana ispitivani su prema metodama propisanim u Pravilniku o metodama vrÅ”enja mikrobioloÅ”kih analiza i superanaliza životnih namirnica (Sl. list SFRJ br.25/80). Na ovaj naÄin uzorci su ispitani na prisustvo Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., E.coli, Clostridium spp. i Staphylococcus aureus. OdgovarajuÄim ISO i ostalim mikrobioloÅ”kim metodama utvrÄivano je prisustvo Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio parachaemoliticus., Yersinia enterocolitica., P. aeruginosa, odnosno E. coli, koliformnih bakterija i intestinalnih enterokoka. Ukupan broj bakterija izolovanih iz kože i miÅ”iÄa kretao se od 3.11 log10 CFU/g do 4.72 log10 CFU/g. E.coli izolovana je iz barem jednog uzorka kože od Å”est ispitivanih, tokom svih uzorkovanja. Ostali patogeni mikroorganizmi nisu izolovani iz tkiva. Ukupan broj koliformnih bakterija u vodi nije prelazio 198 bakterija/100 ml, dok su u mulju naÄeni predstavnici rodova Aeromonas i Clostridium, pored E.coli. Hrana za ribe bila je mikrobioloÅ”ki ispravna po kriterijumima važeÄeg Pravilnika. Na osnovu ovih pokazatelja može se zakljuÄiti da je proizvodnja Å”arana u veÅ”taÄkom sistemu akvakulture omoguÄila dobijanje mikrobioloÅ”ki ispravnog mesa iz ujednaÄenog ekosistema najsliÄnijeg prirodnom staniÅ”tu reÄnog Å”arana C. carpio
Comparison of two Analytical Methods (ELISA and LC-MS/MS) for Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn and Aflatoxin M1 in Milk
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to assess the closeness of agreement between results of ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods for determination of aflatoxin B1 in corn and aflatoxin M1 in milk. Samples of corn (n=100) and milk (n=250) were simultaneously analyzed using ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods, after the severe drought that affected Serbia in summer 2012 resulting in occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in corn and aflatoxin M1 in milk. Regression analysis showed higher level of agreement between aflatoxin B1 samples (R2=0.994), compared to aflatoxin M1 samples (R2=0.920). However, both techniques were satisfactory in meeting the requirements for official control purposes
Characterisation of Bosnia and Herzegovina honeys according to their physico-chemical properties during 2016-2017
This study evaluated the quality of 78 honeys of six different floral types (Acacia, sage [Salvia officinalis L.], linden, chestnut, honeydew and blossom), mainly from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Reducing sugars, sucrose content, moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), free acidity, water-insoluble content, diastase activity, electrical conductivity were analysed. The samples of honey, collected during 2016-2017, were analysed using recommended methods. Results show that in 2016 and 2017, a great number of individual honeys sampled were of insufficient quality to satisfy regulatory requirements. Among the overall determined parameters, hydroxymethylfurfural and diastase activities in some honeys were not acceptable according to national and international regulations. A correlation between free acidity and electrical conductivity was found in both acacia and blossom honeys. HMF content and diastase activity was strongly negatively correlated in both acacia and blossom honeys. The quality of the honeys was varied, based on botanical origins, and presumably, handling and storage conditions
Posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in beta-endorphin dynamics
A disturbed beta-endorphin system can be a part of the post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) and depression allostasis. Study subjects (N=392)
included those with PTSD and/or (stress-induced) depression, and healthy
controls with and without traumas. The aim of the study was to examine
the network of relations centered around plasma beta-endorphin. The
network included anxiety (as a personality trait), traumatic events,
pain, aggressiveness, depressive symptoms, and three clusters of PTSD
symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Beta-endorphin was
represented by individual mean from 13 time points (BEmean), reflecting
the total amount of the peripherally secreted hormone, and the
coefficient of variation (BEvar), calculated as the ratio of standard
deviation to the mean, reflecting the hormone's dynamics. BEvar
correlated with all other variables, BEmean had no correlations.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine all
interrelations (including their directions) of BEvar and the state/trait
variables in the context of their entirety. The model revealed that
hyperarousal and anxiety were the only direct agents of peripheral
beta-endorphin fluctuations, mediating the effects of other variables.
Traumatic events and intrusions act on BEvar via hyperarousal, while
depressive symptoms, avoidance, and pain act via anxiety. Hyperarousal
should be emphasized as the main agent not only because its effect on
BEvar is larger than that of anxiety, but also because it increases
anxiety itself (via avoidance and pain). All influences on BEvar are
positive and they indicate long-term (sensitizing) effects (as opposed
to direct stimulation, for example, by acute pain, anger, etc.).
Relations apart from beta-endorphin are also discussed. (C) 2015
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,European Commission, via Sixth Framework Programme
{[}INCO-CT-2004-509213]; Ministry of Science, Serbia {[}179018, 41009
Influence of diet on proximate composition and fatty acid profile in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
The most marketed species of fish in Serbia is common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which accounts for more than 80% of the national aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the influence of two supplementary fish feeds (maize and extruded feed) on the proximate and fatty acid composition of carp. The results show that the protein, lipid, and ash contents were higher (P lt = 0.001) in the extruded feed compared with maize. The carp fed extruded feed exhibited significantly higher protein and moisture contents (P lt = 0.001 and P lt = 0.01, respectively), whereas the total lipid content was significantly higher (P lt = 0.001) in carp fed maize. The analysis of the fatty acid profiles showed that the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content in carp fed maize (23.94%) was lower than that in carp fed extruded feed (25.36%). The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in carp fed maize (61.83%) was considerably higher compared with carp fed extruded feed (41.95%), whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in carp fed maize (13.66%) was lower than that in carp fed extruded feed (30.91%). The principal component analysis (PCA) of the fatty acid profile resulted in a two-principal-component model that described 75.94% of the total data variance. The most influential factors were determined from the loading plot governing this distinction. The n-6/n-3 ratio in carp fed extruded feed (5.8) was found to be more nutritionally beneficial than that in carp fed maize (13.8), which indicates the better nutritional properties of carp fed extruded feed
The role of personality and traumatic events in cortisol levels - Where does PTSD fit in?
Background: Studies of cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have yielded mixed results. We hypothesize that personality traits and traumatic experiences could be the confounders of cortisol measures and disease symptoms. Method: This study was a part of a broader project in which simultaneous psychological and biological investigations were carried out in hospital conditions on 400 male participants categorized by four groups: (A) 133 with current PTSD, (B) 66 with lifetime PTSD, (C) 102 trauma controls, and (D) 99 healthy controls (matched by age and education). Cortisol and ACTH were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 22:00 h to 09:00 h, with an additional sample at 07:30 h (resting state and morning rise). The next night, dexamethasone (0.5 mg) suppression test was performed. Results: No significant differences in basal cortisol and ACTH were found between study groups. The trait Conscientiousness, negatively modulated by Extraversion (assessed by NEO Personality Inventory-Revised) was found to correlate with cortisol (but not with ACTH). Group differences are found on suppression. Structural equation modeling shows excellent fit only when the paths (influences) from Conscientiousness to basal cortisol and from traumatic events to suppression are present. The paths connecting suppression and PTSD symptoms do not contribute. Conclusions: Two sources of differences of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis functioning are implied, both only indirectly connected to PTSD. It seems that basal cortisol secretion is associated more tightly with personality (introvertively modulated Conscientiousness), while the regulation by glucocorticoid receptor system is sensitized by repeated traumatic situations. (c) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved