The effect of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) on bank lending during the euro area crisis

We examine the impact of emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) on bank lending in eleven euro area countries during the financial crisis. With the intensification of the crisis, ELA took on a pivotal role in some countries. However, assessments of the quantitative impact of ELA in the literature are non-existent. We estimate a structural panel model for the determination of bank lending, which includes the amount of ELA received by each bank, allowing us to investigate the direct effect of ELA on lending. Our model corrects a mis-specification found in the prototype model used in the literature. We then undertake a VAR analysis, which allows us to address the effect of ELA on GDP. Finally, we examine spillover effects among banks, indicating that ELA generated positive spillovers to other banks.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jimf2021-02-12hj2020Economic

Studies and experiments towards a computer interview acceptable to the naive user

This thesis is concerned with concepts and procedures involved in the development of programs by which computers may interview people. Based on the hypothesis that the style of the questions is very important in a computer interview, an analysis of four medical interviewing programs was attempted. Two variables emerged from this analysis namely Encouragement (Encouraging Phrases) and Chattiness (Chatty Phrases). Six experiments were then conducted to test the usefulness of the above two variables in a computer interview. The results of the six experiments were as follows: a) The use of random Encouragement and Chattiness; seems to have a significant effect on. interviewee's acceptance of a computer interview. b) There appears to be an optimum for the amount of Encouragement and Chattiness used in a computer interview. c) Random Chattiness seems to have no effect on interviewee's acceptance of a human interview, while random Encouragement might have a negative effect. d) For a computer interview random patterns of Encouragement and Chattiness seem as good as more planned patterns of the two variables. e) The accuracy of the derived information and the interviewees' acceptance of a computer interview on a general subject may be as good as that for a human interview. From these results the original hypothesis is seen to be too limited and in its place a conceptual analysis of the essential features of computer based interview programming is developed

Database Knowledge Enrichment Utilizing Trending Topics from Twitter

Every day, many people use at least one social network (or social media) account. This development has been boosted by the rapid growth of technology, making both smartphones and mobile data much more accessible and inexpensive. Therefore, the number of social networks users is growing rapidly, accounting more than 1 billion active users worldwide. The ease of use, as well as the ability to communicate without spatial and temporal restrictions underpinned the rapid increase of the popularity of social networks, as well as their wide acceptance by the general public. This popularity influences people's opinion on many issues, shapes consumer habits and behaviour, mood, etc. The work of many scientists across multiple disciplines has focused on studying social media from various perspectives, including marketing, journalism and sociology. This paper investigates how trending information from social media can be used to match topics of interest from cultural database indices. Matches identified in this process are then presented to cultural venue curators, who can then review matches, mark them as useful or reject them, and exploit them for various tasks, and most notably for the promotion of the venue and its content. More specifically, we have developed an application, which collects the 10 most popular twitter trends and then matches their content with the contents of a given cultural database. Using the results of this match, items from the database that may be related to current issues may be recommended to the user. As a result, these matches, after being inspected and approved by the administrator, can be used to attract the interest of the target audience, highlighting the correlation of current issues with the database's items

Quantization Effect On Vlsi Implementations

In this paper, two basic approaches for implementing the 9/7 Filtering Unit, used in the Discrete Wavelet Transform, are addressed. The first is the lifting scheme approach and the second is the conventional, convolutional filter approach. Two architectures are examined for each approach, a simple -- straightforward one and an optimized one, substituting the multipliers used for scaling with shift -- add operations. The quantization of the constants used in the calculations is thoroughly explored and the selection of the data-path bit-width is addressed. Experimental results based on hardware implementation, for several quantizations and for the different hardware architectures of the 9/7 filtering units are given

The ARCOMEM Architecture for Social- and Semantic-Driven Web Archiving

International audienceThe constantly growing amount ofWeb content and the success of the SocialWeb lead to increasing needs for Web archiving. These needs go beyond the pure preservationo of Web pages. Web archives are turning into “community memories” that aim at building a better understanding of the public view on, e.g., celebrities, court decisions and other events. Due to the size of the Web, the traditional “collect-all” strategy is in many cases not the best method to build Web archives. In this paper, we present the ARCOMEM (From Future Internet 2014, 6 689 Collect-All Archives to Community Memories) architecture and implementation that uses semantic information, such as entities, topics and events, complemented with information from the Social Web to guide a novel Web crawler. The resulting archives are automatically enriched with semantic meta-information to ease the access and allow retrieval based on conditions that involve high-level concepts