Пам’яті професора К.Ф. Шульжука

21 липня 2010 року відійшов у вічність Каленик Федорович Шульжук — професор, доктор філологічних наук, академік Академії наук вищої школи України, завідувач кафедри української мови Рівненського державного гуманітарного університету, заслужений працівник освіти України

The Phenomenon of Yearbooks in International Law:An Introduction

In 1970 the first Netherlands Yearbook of International Law (NYIL) was published. The current Volume is No. 50, which means that the Yearbook has now been with us for half a century. The current General Editors decided not to let this moment pass unnoticed, and have devoted this entire Volume to an analysis of the phenomenon of Yearbooks in international law as such. Indeed, not many academic disciplines have Yearbooks, so why do we? What is the added value of having a Yearbook alongside the abundance of international law journals, regular monographs and edited volumes that are produced each year? Does the existence of Yearbooks tell us something about who we are, or who we think we are, or what we have to contribute to the world

Editorial for Localising the Sustainable Human Right to Water

This Special Issue on Localising the Sustainable Human Right to Water begins with contributions focused on a global and more general perspective. These contributions provide a general introduction to the topic of the sustainable human right to water. It then shifts perspective to provide regional contributions, and finally zooms in to contributions focused on the implementation of this right at the national level

LRP-1 Promotes Cancer Cell Invasion by Supporting ERK and Inhibiting JNK Signaling Pathways

Background: The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is an endocytic receptor mediating the clearance of various extracellular molecules involved in the dissemination of cancer cells. LRP-1 thus appeared as an attractive receptor for targeting the invasive behavior of malignant cells. However, recent results suggest that LRP-1 may facilitate the development and growth of cancer metastases in vivo, but the precise contribution of the receptor during cancer progression remains to be elucidated. The lack of mechanistic insights into the intracellular signaling networks downstream of LRP-1 has prevented the understanding of its contribution towards cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings: Through a short-hairpin RNA-mediated silencing approach, we identified LRP-1 as a main regulator of ERK and JNK signaling in a tumor cell context. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that LRP-1 constitutes an intracellular docking site for MAPK containing complexes. By using pharmacological agents, constitutively active and dominant-negative kinases, we demonstrated that LRP-1 maintains malignant cells in an adhesive state that is favorable for invasion by activating ERK and inhibiting JNK. We further demonstrated that the LRP-1-dependent regulation of MAPK signaling organizes the cytoskeletal architecture and mediates adhesive complex turnover in cancer cells. Moreover, we found that LRP-1 is tethered to the actin network and to focal adhesion sites and controls ERK and JNK targeting to talin-rich structures. Conclusions: We identified ERK and JNK as the main molecular relays by which LRP-1 regulates focal adhesion disassembly of malignant cells to support invasion

Ten new insights in climate science 2020 – a horizon scan

Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments. Technical summary A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost–benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- and long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations. Social media summary Stronger permafrost thaw, COVID-19 effects and growing mental health impacts among highlights of latest climate science

Climate litigation as global law

This chapter provides an analysis of the actual and potential contribution of climate litigation to the further development of global law. It identifies certain general trends that can be deduced from the already existing examples of climate litigation that may shape the evolution of global law applicable to the global community's efforts to jointly combat climate change. Included in the scope of the analysis of this chapter are issues as diverse as the relationship between the courts and the lawmakers, as well as the role of scientific evidence in judicial reasoning. This chapter also addresses the role of the courts in interpreting the human right to a healthy environment and its application in the context of climate change. Finally, an analysis is provided of the legal representation of the rights and interests of climate migrants and climate refugees, of people living abroad, of future generations, and of nature itself.</p

Questions of legal responsibility for Srebrenica before the Dutch courts

This contribution provides an overview of the litigation in the Dutch civil and criminal courts concerning the Srebrenica massacre. The author maps out the Dutch courts' divergent approaches to immunity of United Nations peacekeepers, state responsibility and individual criminal responsibility for the events in Srebrenica

Sustainable management of freshwater resources: Linking international water law and the Sustainable Development Goals

This paper demonstrates how the extralegal compliance mechanism of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular as it is applied to sustainable freshwater management (SDG 6, 12, and 15), complements the legal compliance mechanism of international water law, thereby contributing to the resolution of one of the most pressing environmental problems in today's world: the sustainable management of freshwater resources. The SDG targets, commitments, progress indicators, and reporting obligations relating to the sustainable management of freshwater resources are paired with provisions from the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) and the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (UNECE Convention). The main idea is that the above-mentioned treaties and the SDGs can strengthen each other's compliance pull when paired in this way. The paper zooms in on the SDG targets and international water law provisions relating to 1. the sustainable management of freshwater resources, 2. the prevention of freshwater pollution, and 3. the protection and restoration of freshwater ecosystems