Climatically driven loss of calcium in steppe soil as a sink for atmospheric carbon

During the last several thousand years the semi‐arid, cold climate of the Russian steppe formed highly fertile soils rich in organic carbon and calcium (classified as Chernozems in the Russian system). Analysis of archived soil samples collected in Kemannaya Steppe Preserve in 1920, 1947, 1970, and fresh samples collected in 1998 indicated that the native steppe Chernozems, however, lost 17–28 kg m−2 of calcium in the form of carbonates in 1970–1998. Here we demonstrate that the loss of calcium was caused by fundamental shift in the steppe hydrologic balance. Previously unleached soils where precipitation was less than potential evapotranspiration are now being leached due to increased precipitation and, possibly, due to decreased actual evapotranspiration. Because this region receives low levels of acidic deposition, the dissolution of carbonates involves the consumption of atmospheric CO2. Our estimates indicate that this climatically driven terrestrial sink of atmospheric CO2 is ∼2.1–7.4 g C m−2 a−1. In addition to the net sink of atmospheric carbon, leaching of pedogenic carbonates significantly amplified seasonal amplitude of CO2 exchange between atmosphere and steppe soil

Room temperature coexistence of large electric polarization and magnetic order in BiFeO3 single crystals

From an experimental point of view, room temperature ferroelectricity in BiFeO3 is raising many questions. Electric measurements made a long time ago on solid-solutions of BiFeO3 with Pb(Ti,Zr)O3 indicate that a spontaneous electric polarization exists in BiFeO3 below the Curie temperature TC=1143K. Yet in most reported works, the synthesised samples are too conductive at room temperature to get a clear polarization loop in the bulk without any effects of extrinsic physical or chemical parameters. Surprisingly, up to now there has been no report of a P(E) (polarization versus electric field) loop at room temperature on single crystals of BiFeO3. We describe here our procedure to synthesize ceramics and to grow good quality sizeable single crystals by a flux method. We demonstrate that BiFeO3 is indeed ferroelectric at room-temperature through evidence by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy and P(E) loops. The polarization is found to be large, around 60 microC/cm2, a value that has only been reached in thin films. Magnetic measurements using a SQUID magnetometer and Mossbauer spectroscopy are also presented. The latter confirms the results of NMR measurements concerning the anisotropy of the hyperfine field attributed to the magnetic cycloidal structure.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПАТОЛОГИИ МЕЛКИХ СУСТАВОВ КИСТИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РЕВМАТОИДНЫМ АРТРИТОМ, ОСЛОЖНЕННЫМ ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ ЛЕГКИХ

The article considers the role of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and radionuclide methods of investigation to assess the prediction of favorable and unfavorable outcomes of current rheumatoid arthritis with pulmonary involvement.В статье освещена роль магнитно-резонансного, компьютерно-томографического и радионуклидного методов исследования в оценке прогнозирования благоприятных и неблагоприятных исходов течения ревматоидного артрита с поражением легких

Delivery and reveal of localization of upconversion luminescent microparticles and quantum dots in the skin in vivo by fractional laser microablation, multimodal imaging, and optical clearing

Delivery and spatial localization of upconversion luminescent microparticles [Y 2 O 3 ;Yb, Er] (mean size ~1.6 μm) and quantum dots (QDs) (CuInS 2 ZnS nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol-based amphiphilic polymer, mean size ~20 nm) inside rat skin was studied in vivo using a multimodal optical imaging approach. The particles were embedded into the skin dermis to the depth from 300 to 500 μm through microchannels performed by fractional laser microablation. Low-frequency ultrasound was applied to enhance penetration of the particles into the skin. Visualization of the particles was revealed using a combination of luminescent spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, and histochemical analysis. Optical clearing was used to enhance the image contrast of the luminescent signal from the particles. It was demonstrated that the penetration depth of particles depends on their size, resulting in a different detection time interval (days) of the luminescent signal from microparticles and QDs inside the rat skin in vivo. We show that luminescent signal from the upconversion microparticles and QDs was detected after the particle delivery into the rat skin in vivo during eighth and fourth days, respectively. We hypothesize that the upconversion microparticles have created a long-time depot localized in the laser-created channels, as the QDs spread over the surrounding tissues

РОЛЬ МЕТОДОВ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ В РАННЕМ ВЫЯВЛЕНИИ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ЛЕГКИХ ПРИ РЕВМАТОИДНОМ АРТРИТЕ

The results of the study show the possibilities of modern methods of radiodiagnosis (CT, SPECT, SPECT / MSCT) in the detection of early lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of the results of complex study of the patients proves, that: changes in the lung picture - the predominant radiological signs of lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), independent of the presence of extra-articular manifestations, and hemodynamic changes in the lungs are most evident in RA patients with radiological signs of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and Bronchoobstructive disorders.В работе освещены возможности современных методов лучевой диагностики (МСКТ, ОФЭКТ, ОФЭКТ/МСКТ) в выявлении ранних поражений легких у больных с ревматоидным артритом. При проведении анализа результатов комплексного лучевого исследования больных выявлено, что изменения легочного рисунка - преобладающий рентгенологический признак поражения легких при ревматоидном артрите (РА), независимый от наличия внесуставных проявлений, а гемодинамические изменения в легких при РА наиболее очевидны у больных с рентгенологическими признаками интерстициального легочного фиброза и бронхообструктивными нарушениями

Диагностика и лечение идиопатического легочного фиброза Федеральные клинические рекомендации

This article contains clinical guidelines and current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aims of development this guidelines were to improve early detection and efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy of IPF. Achieving these goals indicates improvement in medical care quality for these patients. These guidelines are intended to pulmonologists, therapeutists and other medical specialists, healthcare managers and other healthcare providersПредставлены современные подходы к диагностике и терапии идиопатического легочного фиброза (ИЛФ). Клинические рекомендации направлены на улучшение ранней диагностики, повышение эффективности немедикаментозной и лекарственной терапии ИЛФ, а также качества медицинской помощи при данном заболевании. Данные Рекомендации адресованы пульмонологам, терапевтам и другим специалистам, организаторам и экспертным организациям практического здравоохранения