Two of a Kind: The Death and Life of Patricia and Joan Miller

Twin sisters, Patricia and Joan Miller, create an unusual story that few people know. In their youth, they had fairly successful singing and performing careers, but they became reclusive as they got older and continued their lives only with each other. No one knew much about or heard much from them for about 40 years. Then police found them dead in their South Lake Tahoe, Calif., home in February 2012. Autopsy reports showed they died within hours of each other several weeks before police found them. I intend to investigate the lives of the two sisters and their devotion to each other. Most people spend years looking for someone to spend a lifetime with, but these women have a unique story. Their life together gives a new perspective to the search for soul mates, true love and happiness. My goal is to begin to tell their story in two or three chapters of what I hope to turn into a longer work

CARE Connect: Community Assessment, Referral, Education, and Connections Project

IMPACT. 1: With support from a Course Development and Enrichment Grant (Offices of Service-Learning, Undergraduate Education, Outreach and Engagement), our team has created a new service-learning course at OSU (2017 launch). -- 2. In cooperation with Buck-I-SERV, a five-week community outreach/service learning STEP experience will be offered as a pilot of the semester-long course. Service learning will take place in Columbus (urban) and NC (rural). -- 3. Our team facilitated connecting 85% of high risk clients with primary care. We have disseminated our results at 2 international conferences, via 6 poster sessions, and have 3 manuscripts in preparation.OSU PARTNERS: College of Medicine; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Division of Health Sciences and Medical Dietetics; Division of Occupational Therapy; Division of Athletic Training; Division of Physical Therapy; Division of Respiratory Therapy; Division of Health Information Management and SystemsCOMMUNITY PARTNERS: Stowe Mission; Community Development for All People (CD4AP); Salvation Army Food Pantry; PrimaryOne Health Central Ohio; Community Health CentersPRIMARY CONTACT: Colleen Spees ([email protected])Chronic lack of access to healthcare and adequate nutrition leads to health disparities that make food insecure families more vulnerable to disease. Through a multidisciplinary initiative, we conducted a pilot to assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of providing health screening, education, referrals, and follow up services for food pantry patrons that directly and indirectly addressed critical public health issues

Community Food Security Strategies: An Exploratory Study of Their Potential for Food Insecure Households with Children

This research sought to explore nutrition and related health issues of 151 households with children who participated in a survey addressing food access, food security, nutrition, health, food provisioning strategies, and barriers to optimal food consumption. This study explored the potential use of community food security strategies as a tool to address public health concerns through increasing fruit and vegetable intake by improving access to affordable healthy foods. Poor diet, stress, and food insecurity impacts adults and children in terms of cognitive development, mental health, and risk for costly chronic diseases. This research contextualized consumer responses within a contemporary policy and programmatic framework to explore the potential usefulness of federal, state, and local programs in the public and private sector

Session E8: Not Just for Adults! Evaluating the Efficacy of Multiple Fish Passage Designs at Low-Head Barriers for the Upstream Movement of Juvenile and Adult Trout Salmo Trutta

Abstract: Connectivity in salmonid-streams is vital for juvenile as well as adult trout, yet most upstream passage studies consider only larger adults. Upstream passage of juvenile and adult Salmo trutta at individual and cumulative low-head (\u3c 3 m) barriers on two tributaries of the River Ribble (NW England) was investigated using PIT telemetry during summer/autumn 2013 and 2014. The efficiency of a low-cost baffle fish pass (Servais, 2006) was evaluated for the first time, along with two more traditional poolweir passes, an embedded rock ramp and two culverts. We used a combination of naturally migrating S. trutta and novel innature displacement experiments, where resident fish were displaced from above to below structures and their homing instinct utilised to instigate their ascent of the structure. Each structure was evaluated using several metrics measuring the passage efficiency (PE) and delays incurred before successful passage (time and number of attempts). We show that instigating ascent of a structure through downstream displacement can be successful with up to 91% of displaced fish attempting to pass. Passage efficiencies of up to 82% for the low-cost baffle design were observed, which was comparable to the pool-weir design (up to 84%) and better than the embedded rock ramp (71%). The two culverts had contrasting impacts, with the shorter control (within predicted swim performance) Culvert 1 representing a manmade structure which had little impact on passage efficiency (96% - 100%) and delay metrics compared to Culvert 2 (PE = 41%). Logistic regression demonstrated a strong body-length effect on passage success at passes, with shorter individuals (\u3c 91–132 mm depending on the structure) having a less than 50% probability of successful passage. The study demonstrates the efficacy of three fish passage designs at low-head barriers and the variation in delay that can be incurred even between similarly designed passes

Loss of very-long O-antigen chains optimizes capsule-mediated immune evasion by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

UnlabelledExpression of capsular polysaccharides is a variable trait often associated with more-virulent forms of a bacterial species. For example, typhoid fever is caused by the capsulated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, while nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars associated with gastroenteritis are noncapsulated. Here we show that optimization of the immune evasive properties conferred by the virulence-associated (Vi) capsular polysaccharide involved an additional alteration to the cell envelope of S. Typhi, namely inactivation of the fepE gene, encoding the regulator of very-long O-antigen chains. Introduction of the capsule-encoding viaB locus into the nontyphoidal S. enterica serovar Typhimurium reduced complement deposition in vitro and intestinal inflammation in a mouse colitis model. However, both phenotypes were markedly enhanced when the viaB locus was introduced into an S. Typhimurium fepE mutant, which lacks very-long O-antigen chains. Collectively, these data suggest that during the evolution of the S. Typhi lineage, loss of very-long O-antigen chains by pseudogene formation was an adaptation to maximize the anti-inflammatory properties of the Vi capsular polysaccharide.ImportanceGenomic comparison illustrates that acquisition of virulence factors by horizontal gene transfer is an important contributor to the evolution of enteric pathogens. Acquisition of complex virulence traits commonly involves horizontal transfer of a large gene cluster, and integration of the gene cluster into the host genome results in the formation of a pathogenicity island. Acquisition of the virulence-associated (Vi) capsular polysaccharide encoded by SPI7 (Salmonella pathogenicity island 7) was accompanied in the human-adapted Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi by inactivation of the fepE gene, encoding the regulator of very-long O-antigen chains. We show that the resulting loss of very-long O-antigen chains was an important mechanism for maximizing immune evasion mediated by the Vi capsular polysaccharide. These data suggest that successful incorporation of a capsular polysaccharide requires changes in the cell envelope of the hosting pathogen

Family Matters: Promoting the Academic Adaptation of Latino Youth in New and Established Destination

As primary agents of socialization, families and schools can powerfully shape the academic adaptation of youth. Using data from the SIAA studies, we compare the family and school environments of Latino high school seniors living in a new destination, North Carolina, with those living in an established destination, Los Angeles. We then evaluate how family and school environments influence their educational aspirations, expectations, and performance. We find that parents’ achievement expectations promote Latino youths’ academic success while perceived future family obligations inhibit them. Additionally, we find that schools remain essential in promoting Latino immigrant youths’ achievement by providing a supportive and safe learning environment. Discrimination in schools and the broader community is associated with lower educational expectations and aspirations but not lower academic performance

Growing Hope: A Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention for Vulnerable Cancer Survivors

IMPACT. 1: Compared to baseline, survivors significantly improved quality of life, increased vegetable and fruit intakes and total Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.022, p=0.006, respectively). -- 2. Over 50 students have been trained and participated in numerous experiential service-learning opportunities (cooking demos, harvesting, survivor education, laboratory collection, data analysis, etc). -- 3. Several students have shared their experiences with other community partners and disseminated their findings via peer-reviewed abstracts, posters, and presentations.OSU PARTNERS: OSUMC, OSU-CCC; CFAES: OSU Extension, Food Science, OARDC; Discovery Themes: InFACT, Foods for Health; JamesCare for Life; Food Innovation CenterCOMMUNITY PARTNERS: Local food pantries; Faith-based organizations; Federally qualified health centers; Non-profit cancer survivor organizations; American Cancer SocietyPRIMARY CONTACT: Colleen Spees ([email protected])Cancer survivors are at risk for suboptimal nutrition due to therapy, poor dietary patterns, higher rates of food insecurity, and susceptibility to unproven dietary practices. We established a 6-month intervention targeting cancer survivors to improve adherence to evidence-based dietary and lifestyle recommendations. Overweight and obese adult cancer survivors (N=29) were provided bimonthly group education sessions, e-motivational interviewing, and access to an urban garden to harvest fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbs

O desempenho acadêmico dos jovens Proficiência Limitada em Inglês (LEP) de imigrantes novos e estabelecidos Unidos: Lições da Avaliação Nacional do Progresso Educacional (NAEP)

The dramatic growth and dispersal of immigrant families has changed the face of public education at a time when states are experiencing increased school accountability pressures under the No Child Left Behind Act and its recent successor, the Every Student Succeeds Act. Of particular concern is how these demographic shifts affect the academic well-being of Limited English Proficient (LEP) youth, the protected sub-group that most directly targets children from immigrant families. Using individual-level data from the National Association of Educational Progress (NAEP), we examine how eighth grade test scores of LEP youth differ across new and established immigrant destination states. Results show that achievement for LEP youth is higher in new than in established immigrant states, but that this advantage is not consistent across ethnic/racial groups. LEP youth in new immigrant states benefit from more favorable demographic characteristics and family and school resources, but these differences only explain a small portion of the achievement gap. El crecimiento y disperso dramático de familias inmigrantes han cambiado la educación pública en un tiempo cuando los estados están experimentando un aumento de presiones sobre la responsabilidad de la escuela bajo de la ley No Child Left Behind y su sucesor, la ley Every Student Succeeds. De importancia en particular es como estos cambios demográficos afectan el bienestar académico de jóvenes de Competencia Limitada de Ingles (LEP), el sub-grupo protegido que enfoca en los niños de familias inmigrantes. Por el uso de data del nivel individuo de la Evaluación Nacional del Progreso Educativo (NAEP), los autores examinan como los resultados de exámenes de jóvenes de LEP en el octavo grado y estos resultados varían entre las destinaciones nuevas y establecidos para inmigrantes. Los resultados muestran que rendimiento para jóvenes de LEP es más alto en estados nuevos para inmigrantes que los establecidos, pero que esta ventaja no está consistente en todos los grupos étnicos y raciales. Jóvenes de LEP en estados nuevos de inmigrantes benefician de características demográficas más favorables y recursos de la familia y escuela, pero estas diferencias solo explican un porcentaje pequeño de la brecha en rendimiento. O crescimento e expansão dramática de famílias de imigrantes mudaram a educação pública num momento em que os estados estão enfrentando um aumento das pressões sobre a responsabilidade escolar da lei No Child Left Behind e seu sucessor, a lei Every Student Succeeds. De importância em particular é como essas mudanças demográficas afetam o bem-estar acadêmico dos jovens de Proficiência Limitada em Inglês (LEP), o subgrupo protegido que se centre nas crianças de famílias de imigrantes. Usando dados do nível individual da Avaliação Nacional do Progresso Educacional (NAEP), os autores examinam os resultados dos testes de jovens de LEP na oitava série, e estes resultados variam entre os destinos novos e estabelecidos de imigrantes. Os resultados mostram que o desempenho para os jovens de LEP é maior nos novos estados que nos imigrantes estabelecidos, mas esta vantagem não é consistente em todos os grupos étnicos e raciais. Jovens imigrantes com LEP em novos estados beneficiam de características demográficas mais favoráveis e os recursos da família e da escola, mas essas diferenças explicam apenas uma pequena percentagem da diferença no desempenho