Personal Jurisdiction Over The Internet: How International Is Today's Shoe

<p align="left"><span style="font-size: small;">With the advent of the Internet and the World Wide Web, a novel question of procedural law has taken the legal arena by storm: how do we effectively apply traditional concepts of personal jurisdiction to the seamless world of cyberspace? In a world where politically recognized territorial boundaries will typically lead the discussion into where a party may be haled into court as a result of its activities, the Internet presents us with an anomaly of that traditional principle. Courts are now being launched into the unchartered waters of cyberspace where the traditional concept of personal jurisdiction often finds itself lost at sea. </span></p

The construction of self in relationships: narratives and references to mental states during picture-book reading interactions between mothers and children

Previous studies showed that mothers vary in the way in which they discuss past experiences with their children, since they can exhibit narrative (elaborative) or paradigmatic (repetitive) styles to different extents. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the mothers’ use of narrative styles and mental state language (MSL), as a function of children’s age and gender. Thirty dyads consisting of mothers and their 4- to 6-year-old children were observed during a picture-book reading interaction. Maternal utterances were coded according to the categories described by Tessler and Nelson (1994), classifying each mother as Narrative or Paradigmatic. Eight categories of MSL were analyzed: perceptual, emotional (positive and negative), volitional, cognitive, communicative, and moral. The results confirmed the existence of the two maternal styles observed in the earlier studies. Importantly, we found that the mothers of younger children were more narrative than paradigmatic, whereas the opposite pattern occurred for the mothers of older children (they were more paradigmatic than narrative). As concerns MSL, the results indicated that the use of communicative terms was significantly more frequent for narrative than for paradigmatic mothers, and decreased linearly with children’s age. Lastly, the mothers of younger children referred their MSL more frequently to the book characters than to themselves or to the child. Taken together, these results support the idea that mothers adapt their narrative styles and MSL input to the growing abilities of their children, therefore contributing to the development of social understanding

η\eta meson reconstruction in pp reactions at 2.2 GeV with HADES

The HADES spectrometer installed at GSI Darmstadt is devoted to study the production of di-electron pairs from proton, pion and nucleus induced reactions at 1-2 AGeV. In pp collisions at 2.2 GeV we have focused mainly on exclusive reconstruction of the $\eta$ meson decays in the hadronic ($\eta\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0}$) and the electromagnetic channels ($\eta\to e^{+}e^{-}\gamma$). We present analysis techniques and discuss first results on $\eta$ production, with the main focus on comparisons of reconstructed distributions to results obtained by other experiments and theoretical predictions.Comment: Presented on Meson2006 conference, 4 pages, 4 figure

An Assessment of the Italian 2007 Second Pillar Reform: a simulation approach

In this paper we aim at assessing the outcomes of the 2007 Italian reform of the complementary social security and to identify the determinants behind them. The reform gave relevant incentives to workers to switch from investing about 7% of their gross wages into a compulsory defned benefit scheme inside the firm (which took the form of a termination indemnity payment, the TFR scheme) to an external pension fund. We provide a theoretical framework to model workers' choice problem of switching between these pension schemes and we then perform an agent-based simulation taking into account all the details of the reform. Our simulations are able to replicate the Italian data in term of adhesion rates to complementary social security and also to identify some of the key determinants of that outcome, like the fiscal incentives, the financial literacy and the expectations on the rate of returns of pension funds.Agent Based Simulation, Pension Schemes, Second Pillar

¿A qué vas a ese lugar?: mujeres, tiempo de placer y cultura de masas

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar un espacio de socialización complejo integrado por un grupo de personas, en su mayoría mujeres de entre 40 y 65 años, que forma parte de un club de fans de Ricardo Arjona en la Argentina, cantante y compositor guatemalteco de gran éxito en la industria discográfica hispanohablante. Indagaremos el modo en el que, por un lado, las horas que estas mujeres dedican al club de fans generan cuestionamientos por parte de su entorno así como también disyuntivas propias sobre en qué usar su tiempo. Por otro, los sentidos que le otorgan a las mismas, afirmando que allí se sienten “libres” en comparación de espacios y vínculos en donde son interpeladas en un cruce de género y condición etaria que las ubica en el rol de cuidadoras de su hogar y de su familia. Concluiremos que preguntarse no tanto con lo que la música de Arjona es y sino con lo que posibilita hacer (De Nora, 2000) -esto es, indagar a la cultura de masas en términos de habilitaciones- permite observar que estas mujeres construyen un espacio de reivindicaciones diversas y que su disputa por poder decidir en qué usar su tiempo es un ejercicio de autonomía.The aim of this paper is to study a complex socialization space formed by a group of women, mostly aged between 40 and 65 that belong to Ricardo Arjona’s fans club in Argentina. He is a singer and composer of great success in the Spanish speaker recording industry. We will interrogate the modalities of that space in two senses. On the one hand, the ways in which the time those women dedicate to the fans club is questioned by their environment as well as their own personal dilemmas about how to use their time. On the other hand, the sense given to the time devoted to the fans club space where they feel “free” in comparison to other spaces where they are challenged in terms of gender and age condition and thus placed in the role of house and family keepers. We conclude that the relevant question to make is not what Arjona´s music is but what it allows to make, as a possibility (De Nora, 2000). In other words, questioning the mass culture in terms of what it enables to do to women, considering that they build spaces of diverse claims and that their dispute for what they do with their time is an exercise of autonomy.Fil: Spataro, Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martin. Escuela de Humanidades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Optimal decisions on pension plans in the presence of financial literacy costs and income inequalities

Pension reforms are on the political agenda of many countries. Such reforms imply an increasing responsibility on individuals’ side in building an efficient portfolio for retirement. In this paper we provide a model describing workers’ choices on the allocation of retirement savings in presence of a) mandatory contribution; b) portfolio decision; c) financial literacy costs. In particular, we characterise the results both from a positive and normative standpoint, by highlighting the determinants of the individual’s choice, with special focus on financial literacy costs and wage level inequalities and by characterizing the optimal contribution rate to mandatory complementary pension schemes.Financial literacy; Choice on pension Plans; Optimal portfolio composition; Income inequality.

Single Bunch Instabilities in FCC-ee

FCC-ee is a high luminosity lepton collider with a centre-of-mass energy from 91 to 365 GeV. Due to the machine parameters and pipe dimensions, collective effects due to electromagnetic fields produced by the interaction of the beam with the vacuum chamber can be one of the main limitations to the machine performance. In this frame, an impedance model is required to analyze these instabilities and to find possible solutions for their mitigation. This paper will present the contributions of specific machine components to the total impedance budget and their effects on the beam stability. Single bunch instability thresholds will be estimated in both transverse and longitudinal planes