The complex molecular signaling network in microbe-plant interaction

Soil bacteria living around plants exert neutral, benefi cial, or detrimental effects on plant growth and development. These effects are the result of signal exchange in which there is a mutual recognition of diffusible molecules produced by the plant and microbe partners. Understanding the molecular signalling network involved in microbe–plant interaction is a promising opportunity to improve crop productivity and agriculture sustainability. Many approaches have been used to decipher these molecular signals, and the results show that plants and microorganisms respond by inducing the expression of, and releasing, a mixture of molecules that includes flavonoids, phytohormones, pattern recognition receptors, nodulins, lectins, enzymes, lipo-chitooligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and volatiles. This chapter reviews current knowledge of the diverse signalling pathways that are turned on when plants interact with beneficial microbes, with emphasis on bacteria belonging to the genera Rhizobium , Azospirillum , and Pseudomonas.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Higher Renal Replacement Therapy Dose Delivery Influences on Drug Therapy

Higher doses of renal replacement therapy have profound effects on pharmacotherapy, yet little research has been conducted in this area. High-volume renal replacement therapies influence both the pharmacokinetic and the pharmacodynamic profiles of all drugs administered to these critically ill patients. Intermittent high-dose “hybrid” hemodialysis therapies remove drugs to a much different degree than standard thrice-weekly hemodialysis, yet pharmacokinetic studies have not been performed in patients receiving these therapies. High-volume continuous renal replacement therapies offer dosing challenges not seen with standard low-dose therapies. This article describes the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues presented by high-volume renal replacement therapies. Given the importance that pharmacotherapy has on optimal patient outcomes, a better understanding of the influence that high-volume renal replacement therapy has on drugs is essential if these high volume therapies are to be used successfully in the intensive care unit.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75000/1/j.1525-1594.2003.07283.x.pd

Alpha radioactivity of the lunar surface at the Surveyor 5, 6, and 7 landing sites

Alpha radioactivity of lunar surface at Surveyor 5, 6, and 7 landing site

Evaluating arts education

Teacher evaluation has a longstanding importance in public school education (Howell, 2015). Teacher evaluation in Illinois predominantly relies on the use of the Danielson Framework for Professional Practice which is used to rate teacher effectiveness (Danielson, 2011). The Danielson Framework is embedded in an evaluation cycle that provides pre-conferencing, observation, and a post-observation process intent on providing feedback for continued growth in professional practice (Steinberg & Donaldson, 2016). The Danielson Framework is not content specific; its domains are meant to apply to all grade levels and subjects areas (Danielson, 2011). The purpose of this study was to investigate how evaluators and arts teachers experience the current teacher evaluation process in Illinois in terms of assessing teacher practice and supporting professional growth. Five arts? teachers and two supervising evaluators were interviewed regarding their experiences in relation to the Danielson Framework and their perceptions on its use and effectiveness in professional growth. The data indicate respondents found the Danielson Framework useful in determining a unform practice of instruction but ineffective in meeting the specificity of connectedness, interpersonal, and interpretive elements found in arts education. The data also indicate respondents found evaluative experience to be most effective when supervised by those who understand their content. Lastly, respondents indicated that the formal teacher evaluation process led to an inaccurate depiction of daily practice. Respondents indicated that the evaluation process focuses on meeting pre-designated benchmarks rather than serving students. The study concludes with recommendations for continued research in evaluating the interpersonal and emotional contexts that these teachers found most important, but least examined in evaluating educational practice. Recommendations are made to institution and organizations that employ evaluation tools for teachers of the arts to engage in discussions with arts professionals to better respond to intangible elements of interconnectedness and relationship building not explicit in the Danielson Framework. Suggestion is also made for continued training for evaluators on differentiating feedback to the specialization of arts content. The usage of art extends beyond content and centralizes in a different meaningfulness to student learning than core content that is tested and assessed. Lastly, arts educators and evaluators offer the opinion extended here that greater attention be paid to scaffolded feedback and ratings throughout the instructional tenure. As teachers are expected to grow, so should the quality and deepening of the feedback provided

Revealing the biotechnological potential of Delftia sp. JD2 by a genomic approach

Delftia sp. JD2 is a chromium-resistant bacterium that reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III), accumulates Pb(II), produces the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores, and increases the plant growth performance of rhizobia in co-inoculation experiments. We aimed to analyze the biotechnological potential of JD2 using a genomic approach. JD2 has a genome of 6.76Mb, with 6,051 predicted protein-coding sequences and 93 RNA genes (tRNA and rRNA). The indole-acetamide pathway was identified as responsible for the synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. The genetic information involved in chromium resistance (the gene cluster, chrBACF,) was found. At least 40 putative genes encoding for TonB-dependent receptors, probably involved in the utilization of siderophores and biopolymers, and genes for the synthesis, maturation, exportation and uptake of pyoverdine, and acquisition of Fe-pyochelin and Fe-enterobactin were also identified. The information also suggests that JD2 produce polyhydroxy butyrate, a carbon reserve polymer commonly used for manufacturing petrochemical free bioplastics. In addition, JD2 may degrade lignin-derived aromatic compounds to 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate, a molecule used in the bio-based polymer industry. Finally, a comparative genomic analysis of JD2, Delftia sp. Cs1-4 and Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 is also discussed. The present work provides insights into the physiology and genetics of a microorganism with many potential uses in biotechnology.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació

Pharmacokinetics of Cefuroxime are not Significantly Altered by Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children

Poster presented at: SPA/AAP PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIOLOGY 2010 - Winter Meeting; April 2010; San Antonio, TX

The Results Are In! Updated Alternative I-O Graduate Program Rankings

In the summer of 2016, we issued a Call for Proposals to submit unique and innovative methodologies to rank I-O graduate programs. In response to this, many projects were proposed to us. After much hard work (and the broader SIOP community’s help), the five selected projects have been completed. Each of these five papers are included in the current issue of TIP. We believe each of these papers will be an important contribution to our field and will guide individuals in the future – as well as generate much thought and discussion about the state of our field and the programs that educate the future of IO Psychology. In particular, we hope that these rankings will result in graduate programs examining them-selves and thinking about ways they excel, as well as areas they could improve. Additionally, we hope that future undergraduate students applying to I-O programs will use these rankings, not to determine what the “best” programs are, but which programs are the best fit for them

I-O Graduate Program Rankings: Update

In the summer 2016 issue of TIP (Salter et al., 2016), we put out a Call for Proposals for updated I-O graduate program rankings. In this call, we were looking for new and unique methodologies for ranking I-O graduate programs that reflect the diversity of values and strengths across our field. We are pleased to announce we have conditionally accepted five proposals. Each of these teams will now conduct their project (which we hope all SIOP members will help with once data collection begins); we anticipate the final rankings will be published in the summer 2018 issue of TIP. Please note that the goal of this project is to make our methodologies public before data collection to reduce the likelihood of researcher degrees of freedom influencing the results. Although frequently unintentional, it is all too common for analytic decisions to be driven in part by the results that follow. Our goal is to achieve transparency in the way rankings were conducted and to present multiple methodologies, to aid students and educators in their decision making