serological markers of pulmonary tuberculosis and of response to anti tuberculosis treatment in a patient population in guinea

The aim of the study was to evaluate serological correlates of active tuberculosis and of response to antituberculosis treatment in a cohort of HIV-negative patients with pulmonary tuberculosis studied at diagnosis and during treatment at the Service de Pneumo-Phtisiologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Ignace Deen, Conakry, Republic of Guinea. Two similar cohorts of HIV-negative healthy households of patients and healthy community controls were included in the study. Plasma samples were obtained from 168 untreated tuberculosis patients, 167 healthy household controls, and 168 healthy community controls. Serial plasma samples were also obtained from the tuberculosis patients at 2 and 8 months after initiation of chemotherapy. IgG antibody levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ten purified M. tuberculosis antigens. ELISA results were analysed by comparing geometric means of data. Of the ten antigens tested, five (14kDa Ag, 19kDa Ag, AlaDH, MS, and MPT83) elicited similar antibody responses in untreated TB patients and controls. In contrast, levels of three antibodies (ESAT-6, LAM, and 38kDa Ag) were higher in untreated TB patients than in household or community controls (p<0.0001). Levels were higher in untreated patients than in community controls also for the anti-Rv2626c antibody (p = 0.0001) and, at a lower significance level, for the anti-FdxA antibody (p<0.025). Antibody levels against ESAT-6 and Rv2626c decreased during therapy, while antibody levels to the 38 kDa antigen and LAM increased during therapy; FdxA antibody levels did not vary with treatment. Neither severity of presentation nor chest X-ray patterns affected levels of these antibodies before treatment. In contrast, after the 8-month therapeutic course, patients who presented with moderate/severe disease had higher levels of anti-ESAT-6, anti-FdxA, and anti-38kDa antibodies than those of patients with mild disease onset. Patients with bilateral lung lesions had significantly higher anti-38kDa and anti-LAM levels, both at diagnosis and after 8-month treatment, than patients with lesions involving only one lung. Antibodies to alanine dehydrogenase and malate synthetase measured at initiation of treatment were higher in tuberculosis patients who subsequently failed therapy than in those who were cured. The main conclusions of the study are: a) plasma levels of antibodies to a number of M. tuberculosis represent serological correlates of active disease; b) these correlates are affected in an antigen-specific fashion by anti-tuberculosis treatment; c) particular serological markers may be predictive of treatment outcome

ESTADÍSTICA DE LAS PESQUERÍAS ESPAÑOLAS ATUNERAS, EN EL OCÉANO ATLÁNTICO TROPICAL, EN EL PERÍODO 1990 A 2019.

SUMMARY Data are presented on the Spanish fleet, fishing areas, catches, fishing effort, performance (CPUEs) and size distribution for purse seiner and baitboat. The total catch increased slightly by 3.1%. In 2019, there was a halt in fishing activity in July as a result of a check being carried out on bigeye quota consumption. More than 70% of sets were on “objects” and 25% on “free schools”. Median weights were slightly higher: yellowfin 10.7 kg (6.7 kg in 2018) (4.87 kg object and 32.11 kg free school); skipjack 1.7 kg (1.6 kg in 2018) (2.81 kg object and 2.42 kg free school) and bigeye 4.9 kg (3.5 kg in 2018) (3.4 kg object and 25.1 kg free school). Yellowfin presented a modal size of 42 cm for object and modal sizes of 42, 54, 152 cm for free school. Skipjack had a modal size of 42 cm on object and 44 cm for free school. Bigeye had a modal size of 44 cm on object and 42 and 152 cm for free school in 2019. RÉSUMÉ Des données sont présentées sur la flottille espagnole, les zones de pêche, les captures, l'effort de pêche, les performances (CPUE) et la distribution par taille pour les senneurs et les canneurs. Les captures totales ont légèrement augmenté de 3,1 %. En 2019, l'activité de pêche s'est arrêtée en juillet suite à un contrôle de la consommation du quota de thon obèse. Plus de 70 % des opérations étaient des opérations sous objets alors que 25 % des opérations étaient sur bancs libres. Les poids médians étaient légèrement supérieurs : albacore 10,7 kg (6,7 kg en 2018) (4,87 kg objet et 32,11 kg banc libre) ; listao 1,7 kg (1,6 kg en 2018) (2,81 kg objet et 2,42 kg banc libre) et thon obèse 4,9 kg (3,5 kg en 2018) (3,4 kg objet et 25,1 kg banc libre). L’albacore présentait une taille modale de 42 cm pour les opérations sous objets et des tailles modales de 42, 54, 152 cm dans le cas des opérations sur bancs libres. Le listao avait une taille modale de 42 cm pour les opérations sous objets et 44 cm dans le cas des opérations sur bancs libres. Le thon obèse avait une taille modale de 44 cm pour les opérations sous objets et de 42 et 152 cm dans le cas des opérations sur bancs libres. RESUMEN Se presentan datos de la flota española, zonas de pesca, capturas, esfuerzo pesquero, rendimientos (CPUE) y distribuciones de talla para cerco y cañeros. La captura total se incrementó ligeramente un 3,1 %. En 2019 parada de actividad pesquera durante el mes de julio como consecuencia de la realización de un control de la cuota de patudo consumida. Con más del 70 % de lances a “Objetos” y 25 % a “Banco Libre”. Los pesos medios ligeramente superiores: rabil 10,7 kg (6,7 kg en 2018) (4,87 kg objeto y 32,11 kg banco libre); listado 1,7 kg (1,6 kg en 2018) (2,81 kg objeto y 2,42 kg banco libre) y patudo 4,9 kg (3,5 kg en 2018) (3,4 kg objeto y 25,1 kg banco libre). El rabil presentó talla modal de 42 cm a Objeto y tallas modales de 42, 54, 152 cm a Banco libre. El listado una talla modal de 42 cm a Objeto y 44 cm para Banco libre. El patudo una talla modal de 44 cm a Objeto y 42 y 152 cm a Banco libre en 2019.Versión del edito

Estadística de las pesquerías españolas atuneras, en el Océano Atlántico Tropical, período 1990 a 2017

This document sets out the data for the Spanish fleet, strategies, fishing areas, catches of target species, effort, CPUEs, samplings and size distributions of target species. In 2017, total catch decreased by 5%. Twice as many sets have been carried out on objects than on free schools. More than 80% were conducted on objects and less than 20% on free schools. Average weights were: 5.3 kg for yellowfin tuna (3.8 kg on objects and 31 kg on free schools); 1.6 kg for skipjack (1.6 kg on objects and 2.03 kg on free schools); and 3.37 kg for bigeye tuna (3.27 kg on objects and 37.9 kg on free schools). The modal size for yellowfin tuna caught on objects is 46 cm and the two modal sizes for free school catches are 52 and 150 cm. The modal size for skipjack caught on objects is 42 cm and the modal sizes for free schools are 46, 55 and 64 cm. There is a single modal size for bigeye tuna caught on objects, i.e. 42 cm, and three modal sizes for free schools, i.e. 42, 114 and 146 cm

Assessment of Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Diverse Rice Genotypes Adapted to Lowland and Upland Ecologies in Africa Using SNPs

Using interspecific crosses involving Oryza glaberrima Steud. as donor and O. sativa L. as recurrent parents, rice breeders at the Africa Rice Center developed several 'New Rice for Africa (NERICA)' improved varieties. A smaller number of interspecific and intraspecific varieties have also been released as ‘Advanced Rice for Africa (ARICA)’. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic variation, relatedness, and population structure of 330 widely used rice genotypes in Africa using DArTseq-based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A sample of 11 ARICAs, 85 NERICAs, 62 O. sativa spp. japonica, and 172 O. sativa spp. indica genotypes were genotyped with 27,560 SNPs using diversity array technology (DArT)-based sequencing (DArTseq) platform. Nearly 66% of the SNPs were polymorphic, of which 15,020 SNPs were mapped to the 12 rice chromosomes. Genetic distance between pairs of genotypes that belong to indica, japonica, ARICA, and NERICA varied from 0.016 to 0.623, from 0.020 to 0.692, from 0.075 to 0.763, and from 0.014 to 0.644, respectively. The proportion of pairs of genotypes with genetic distance > 0.400 was the largest within NERICAs (35.1% of the pairs) followed by ARICAs (18.2%), japonica (17.4%), and indica (5.6%). We found one pair of japonica, 11 pairs of indica, and 35 pairs of NERICA genotypes differing by <2% of the total scored alleles, which was due to 26 pairs of genotypes with identical pedigrees. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and the model-based population structure analysis all revealed two distinct groups corresponding to the lowland (primarily indica and lowland NERICAs) and upland (japonica and upland NERICAs) growing ecologies. Most of the interspecific lowland NERICAs formed a sub-group, likely caused by differences in the O. glaberrima genome as compared with the indica genotypes. Analysis of molecular variance revealed very great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.688) between the lowland and upland ecologies, and 31.2% of variation attributable to differences within cluster groups. About 8% (1,197 of 15,020) of the 15,020 SNPs were significantly (P < 0.05) different between the lowland and upland ecologies and formed contrasting haplotypes that could clearly discriminate lowland from upland genotypes. This is the first study using high density markers that characterized NERICA and ARICA varieties in comparison with indica and japonica varieties widely used in Africa, which could aid rice breeders on parent selection for developing new improved rice germplasm

ESTADÍSTICA DE LAS PESQUERÍAS ESPAÑOLAS ATUNERAS, EN EL OCÉANO ATLÁNTICO TROPICAL, PERÍODO 1990 A 2016.

En este documento se presentan datos de la flota española, estrategias de pesca, zonas de pesca, capturas de las especies objetivo, esfuerzos, rendimientos (CPUEs), coberturas de muestreos y distribuciones de talla de las especies objetivo y accesoria de la flota atunera de cerco y de la flota de cañeros de cebo vivo que faena en el Océano Atlántico Tropical. El número de barcos de cerco que operó durante este último año disminuyó en 2 unidades, aunque la captura total aumentó ligeramente durante 2016. En éste último año, se realizaron dos veces más lances a objeto que a banco libre. En términos de porcentaje el 68 % correspondió a Objetos y el 32 % a Banco Libre. Los pesos medios de los ejemplares capturados han sido: para rabil 8,5 kg (4,1 kg objeto y 25,5 kg banco libre); para el listado 1,97 kg (1,9 kg objeto y 2,67 kg banco libre) y para patudo 3,8 kg (3,3 kg objeto y 24,3 kg banco libre). El rabil (YFT) talla modal de captura 42 cm a Objeto (OB) y cuatro tallas modales de 42 cm, 58 cm, 106 cm y 138 cm para las capturas a Banco libre (FS) en 2016. El listado (SKJ) una talla modal de captura, 64 cm para Objeto (OB) y dos tallas modales de 64 cm y 72 cm para Banco libre (FS) en 2016. El patudo (BET) una única talla modal de captura 40 cm para Objeto (OB) y dos tallas modales de 42 cm y 94 cm para Banco libre (FS) en 2016.En prens

Antiretroviral-naive and -treated HIV-1 patients can harbour more resistant viruses in CSF than in plasma

Objectives The neurological disorders in HIV-1-infected patients remain prevalent. The HIV-1 resistance in plasma and CSF was compared in patients with neurological disorders in a multicentre study. Methods Blood and CSF samples were collected at time of neurological disorders for 244 patients. The viral loads were >50 copies/mL in both compartments and bulk genotypic tests were realized. Results On 244 patients, 89 and 155 were antiretroviral (ARV) naive and ARV treated, respectively. In ARV-naive patients, detection of mutations in CSF and not in plasma were reported for the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene in 2/89 patients (2.2%) and for the protease gene in 1/89 patients (1.1%). In ARV-treated patients, 19/152 (12.5%) patients had HIV-1 mutations only in the CSF for the RT gene and 30/151 (19.8%) for the protease gene. Two mutations appeared statistically more prevalent in the CSF than in plasma: M41L (P = 0.0455) and T215Y (P = 0.0455). Conclusions In most cases, resistance mutations were present and similar in both studied compartments. However, in 3.4% of ARV-naive and 8.8% of ARV-treated patients, the virus was more resistant in CSF than in plasma. These results support the need for genotypic resistance testing when lumbar puncture is performe

Molecular detection of CTX-M-15-type β-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains from Senegal

We aimed to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) secreted by clinical strains of Escherichia coli at Fann University Hospital in Dakar and to characterize them molecularly. We identified 32 isolates producing ESBLs. The CTX-M-15 gene was the most frequently detected ESBL gene, detected in 90.63% of the isolates studied

Détection fortuite de cmy-2 et dha-1 chez des isolats d’Escherichia coli producteurs de BLSE au Sénégal

International audienc