Liquid-liquid equilibrium of water +1-butanol + amino acid (glycine or DL-alanine or L-leucine)

Amino acid play an important role both in animal metabolism and in industrial processes. Since they are rarely found in nature in free form, they must be obtained form hydrolisis of protein-containing materials, or by fermentation. These production methods often results in aqueouse mixtures containing various solutes included several types of amino acids. As a consequence, the cost of the separation processses and concentration of biomelecules from the media can be as high as 90 per cent of their total manufacturing cost

MORFOPEDOLOGIA E A CONSTITUIÇÃO VEGETAL DE FRAGMENTO FLORESTAL MONTANO

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o tipo de solo com a composição vegetal. Em 3600 m² de floresta analisou-se além da composição florística a granulometria e os nutrientes do solo. Identificou-se 23 espécies arbóreas, inclusive exóticas e o solo foi classificado como NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO EUTRÓFICO típico, raso, pouco desenvolvido, com 70% de cascalhos. Embora fértil mostrou-se limitador ao desenvolvimento de raízes, e por isso influencia na composição e estrutura da floresta

Aplicação de produtos químicos na repicagem da figueira

Como a repicagem de mudas de figueira (Ficus carica L. cv. Roxo de Valinhas) apresen ta frequentemente problemas no transplante, estudou-se o efeito de produtos químicos nesta fase crftica para a formação do figueiral. Procedeu-se aos tratamentos de redução da área foliar, pulverização com Transplantone 10 g/l água, Oed green (oxietileno docosanol) 40 ml/1 ,Good-rite peps (polisulfeto de polietíleno) 0,6 ml/l e Mobileaf 200 ml/l, além do controle. Redução da área foliar ou pulverização com oxietileno docasonol aumentaram a porcentagem de sobrevivência das figueiras transplantadas. Os produtos químicos não promoveram variações significativas na altura das mudas de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos'. Auxinas componentes do Transplantone (naftalenacetamida e àcido naftalenacético) causaram aumento no número de folhas da figueira transplantada.This research deals with the effects of chemicals on, transplantation of Ficus carica L. cv. Roxo de Valinhos. Fig plants were sprayed with Transplantone (naphthaleneacetamide plusnaphtaleneacetic acid) 10 g/1 , Oed green (oxyethylene docosanol) 40 ml/1, Good-rite peps (polyethylene polysulfite) 0,6 ml/1, and Mobileaf 200 ml/1. A check treatment and aereduction to half of leaf area were also established. Reduction of leaf area and application of oxyethylene docosanol promoted higher plant survival. The chemicals did not affect the growth of transplanted plants. Auxins constituents of Transplantone increased leaf number of fig plants

Influence Of Spin Reorientation On Magnetocaloric Effect In Nd Al2: A Microscopic Model

We report a theoretical investigation about the influence of the spin reorientation from easy magnetic direction 001 to the applied magnetic field direction 111 on the magnetocaloric properties of Nd Al2. This compound was fully investigated using a model Hamiltonian which includes the Zeeman-exchange interactions and the crystalline electrical field, which are responsible for the magnetic anisotropy. All theoretical results were obtained using the proper model parameters for Nd Al2, found in the literature. The existence of a minimum in magnetic entropy change below the phase transition was predicted and ascribed to the strong jump on the spin reorientation. © 2006 The American Physical Society.745Tishin, A.M., Spichkin, Y.I., (2003) The Magnetocaloric Effect and Its Applications, , Institute of Physics, BristolPecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, p. 4494. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4494Tegus, O., Brück, E., Buschow, K.H.J., De Boer, F.R., (2002) Nature, 415, p. 150. , NATUAS 0028-0836 10.1038/415150AWada, H., Tanabe, Y., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, p. 3302. , APPLAB 0003-6951Wada, H., Morikawa, T., Taniguchi, K., Shibata, T., Yamada, Y., Akishige, Y., (2003) Physica B, 328, p. 114. , PHYBE3 0921-4526 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01822-7Hu, F., Shen, B., Sun, J., Cheng, Z., Rao, G., Zhang, X., (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, p. 3675. , APPLAB 0003-6951Fujita, A., Fujieda, S., Hasegawa, Y., Fukamichi, K., (2003) Phys. Rev. B, 67, p. 104416. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.104416Brown, G.V., (1976) J. Appl. Phys., 47, p. 3673. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.323176Von Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, N.A., Gama, S., (2004) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 277, p. 78. , JMMMDC 0304-8853 10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.10.013Von Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, N.A., Gama, S., (2004) Phys. Lett. a, 320, p. 302. , PYLAAG 0375-9601 10.1016/j.physleta.2003.10.067Von Ranke, P.J., De Campos, A., Caron, L., Coelho, A.A., Gama, S., De Oliveira, N.A., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 094410. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.094410Gama, S., Coelho, A.A., De Campos, A., Carvalho, A.M., Gandra, F.C.G., Von Ranke, P., De Oliveira, N.A., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, p. 237202. , PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.237202Von Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, N.A., Mello, C., Carvalho, A.M., Gama, S., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 71, p. 054410. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.054410Von Ranke, P.J., Gama, S., Coelho, A.A., De Campos, A., Carvalho, A.M., Gandra, F.C.G., De Oliveira, N.A., (2006) Phys. Rev. B, 73, p. 014415. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.014415Von Ranke, P.J., Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, K.A., Korte, B.J., (1998) Phys. Rev. B, 58, p. 14436. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.14436Von Ranke, P.J., Mota, M.A., Grangeia, D.F., Carvalho, A.M., Gandra, F.C.G., Coelho, A.A., Caldas, A., Gama, S., (2004) Phys. Rev. B, 70, p. 134428. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.70.134428Lima, A.L., Tsokol, A.O., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., Pecharsky, V.K., Lograsso, T.A., Schlagel, D.L., (2005) Phys. Rev. B, 72, p. 024403. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.024403Von Ranke, P.J., De Oliveira, I.G., Guimaraes, A.P., Da Silva, X.A., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 447. , PRBMDO 0163-1829 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.447Lea, K.R., Leask, M.J.M., Wolf, W.P., (1962) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 33, p. 1381. , JPCSAW 0022-3697Stevens, K.W.H., (1952) Proc. Phys. Soc., London, Sect. a, 65, p. 209. , PPSAAM 0370-1298 10.1088/0370-1298/65/3/308Purwins, H.G., Leson, A., (1990) Adv. Phys., 39, p. 309. , ADPHAH 0001-8732 10.1080/00018739000101511Bak, P., (1974) J. Phys. C, 7, p. 4097. , JPSOAW 0022-3719 10.1088/0022-3719/7/22/014Nereson, N., Olsen, C., Arnold, G., (1996) J. Appl. Phys., 37, p. 4575. , JAPIAU 0021-8979 10.1063/1.1708083Deenadas, C., Thompson, A.W., Graig, R.S., Wallace, W.E., (1971) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 32, p. 1843. , JPCSAW 0022-3697Inoue, T., Sankar, S.G., Graig, R.S., Wallace, W.E., Gschneidner Jr., K.A., (1997) J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 38, p. 487. , JPCSAW 0022-3697Barbara, B., Boucherle, J.X., Michelutti, B., Rossignol, M.F., (1979) Solid State Commun., 31, p. 477. , SSCOA4 0038-1098Barbara, B., Rossignol, M.F., Boucherle, J.X., (1975) Phys. Lett., 55, p. 321. , PYLAAG 0375-9601 10.1016/0375-9601(75)90489-

Are the magnetic fields of millisecond pulsars ~ 10^8 G?

It is generally assumed that the magnetic fields of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are $\sim 10^{8}$G. We argue that this may not be true and the fields may be appreciably greater. We present six evidences for this: (1) The $\sim 10^{8}$ G field estimate is based on magnetic dipole emission losses which is shown to be questionable; (2) The MSPs in low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) are claimed to have $< 10^{11}$ G on the basis of a Rayleygh-Taylor instability accretion argument. We show that the accretion argument is questionable and the upper limit $10^{11}$ G may be much higher; (3) Low magnetic field neutron stars have difficulty being produced in LMXBs; (4) MSPs may still be accreting indicating a much higher magnetic field; (5) The data that predict $\sim 10^{8}$ G for MSPs also predict ages on the order of, and greater than, ten billion years, which is much greater than normal pulsars. If the predicted ages are wrong, most likely the predicted $\sim 10^{8}$ G fields of MSPs are wrong; (6) When magnetic fields are measured directly with cyclotron lines in X-ray binaries, fields $\gg 10^{8}$ G are indicated. Other scenarios should be investigated. One such scenario is the following. Over 85% of MSPs are confirmed members of a binary. It is possible that all MSPs are in large separation binaries having magnetic fields $> 10^{8}$ G with their magnetic dipole emission being balanced by low level accretion from their companions.Comment: 16 pages, accept for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

Quasiparticle Interactions in Fractional Quantum Hall Systems: Justification of Different Hierarchy Schemes

The pseudopotentials describing the interactions of quasiparticles in fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are studied. Rules for the identification of incompressible quantum fluid ground states are found, based upon the form of the pseudopotentials. States belonging to the Jain sequence nu=n/(1+2pn), where n and p are integers, appear to be the only incompressible states in the thermodynamic limit, although other FQH hierarchy states occur for finite size systems. This explains the success of the composite Fermion picture.Comment: RevTeX, 10 pages, 7 EPS figures, submitted fo Phys.Rev.

Use of whole soy lecithin in diets with energy concentrate from starchy or lipid sources for steers

ABSTRACT Diets with high energy density and additives that enhance energy use are necessary for finishing feedlot cattle. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of the diet and the carcass traits of feedlot steers fed concentrates from different energy sources, one derived from starchy sources and the other, from lipid sources, combined or not with whole soy lecithin, at a dose of 40 g animal day-1. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The combination of whole soy lecithin with the lipid energy source concentrate increased the dry matter digestibility and the carcass yield of the animals (76.03% and 57.20%, respectively). The lipid energy source concentrate showed higher ether extract digestibility and animals fed on it had higher carcass yield (84.18% and 56.85%, respectively). Whole soy lecithin promoted a reduction in fecal pH due to a greater fermentation of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the intestinal lumen. Using whole soy lecithin combined with energy concentrate from a lipid source is recommended due to its improvements in the use of the diet and in the carcass yield