Atividades em nutrição com a comunidade vizinhança

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.A presente ação extensionista vem sendo realizada por acadêmicos do curso de nutrição e gastronomia em comunidade escolar de bairro próximo ao campus Porto da Universidade Federal de Pelotas -UFPel, para abordagem em nutrição humana, alimentação saudável, gastronomia e a saúde geral das pessoas. A abrangência deste projeto universitário visa a aproximação dos estudos acadêmicos com a realidade social, e isto se dá pela interlocução entre os universitários e a comunidade escolar, através de atividades de educação nutricional dialogadas, práticas e lúdicas. O método utilizado nas oficinas culinárias é o de preparo de receitas rápidas, de fácil preparo e de baixo custo,realizadas no espaço destinado ao Serviço de Alimentação Escolar. Os meios e recursos são disponibilizados pela Escola. Vem participando das oficinas alunos de 9 a 16 anos de idade, com a perspectiva de incluisão de mães e merendeiras, futuramente. Como resultados prévios, pode-se observar interesse e boa interação por parte dos alunos, corroborado durante a degustação e aprovação dos pratos elaborados. Também dialogam sobre o valor nutricional, associando a nutrição com a gastronomia. Dessa forma, o trabalho consolida novos espaços de educação alimentar e nutricional, no que condiz a proposta desse projeto

Caracterización del limbo de Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae): Análisis estructurales, histoquímicos y de sus aceites esenciales

Piper aduncum L. is a shrub specie, found mainly in soil with elevated organic matter and humidity. The essential oil containing insecticide and bactericide action, and also has broad application in agricultural and medicinal areas. The objective of this study is to characterize the lamina of P. aduncum. There was realized anatomical and histochemical characterization of paradermic, and anatomical characterization of transversal sections from apical region, median and basal of leaf blade, prepared according to usual technique of light and electronic microscopy of scaning. The mesophyll is dorsiventral with subcelular layer in both epiderms. In the epidermis and subcelular layers, it was only found the presence of total protein. In the palisade and spongyous parenchyma were found starch total and insaturated lipids. In the fundamental parenchyma there were visualized starch, protein, total lipids, ortodihidroxiphenols and terpenoid with carbonil group. There are present unicellular idioblasts in subcelular layers, epiderm or mesophyll. It is hipoestomatic, contains tetracitic stomates. There were observed short trichome tector unicellular with fine cap, pluricelular with fine cap and glandular saclike trichome and perolated glandula. In the basal portion of the tector trichomes there were found total protein. In the oil idioblast there were observed the presence of total lipids, ortodihidroxiphenols, sesquiterpenic lactones and terpenoid with carbonil group, while it was possible to observe in the sac-like trichomes, protein, total lipids and ortodihidroxiphenols.Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) es una especie arbustiva umbrófila que se encuentra generalmente en suelos con elevado contenido de materia orgánica y humedad. De las hojas se extrae aceite esencial con acción insecticida, fungicida y bactericida, con una amplia utilización en el sector agrario y medicinal. El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar el limbo de P. aduncum. Se efectuó la caracterización anatómica e histoquímica de la sección transversal y la caracterización anatómica de la sección paradérmica apical, mediana y basal del limbo. Para ello las hojas fueron preparadas con las técnicas tradicionales de microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica. El mesófilo es dorsiventral con capas subcelulares en ambas epidermis. En la epidermis y las capas subcelulares sólo se encontró la presencia de proteínas totales. En el parénquima en empalizada y en el parénquima esponjoso fueron observados almidón, lípidos totales e insaturados. En el parénquima fundamental fueron encontrados almidón, proteína, lípidos totales, ortodihidroxifenoles y terpenoides con grupo carbonilo. Están presentes idioblastos unicelulares en las capas subcelulares de la epidermis del mesófilo hipoestomático, los estomas son tetracíticos y salientes. En los idioblastos oleíferos fue detectada la presencia de lípidos totales, ortodihidroxifenoles, lactonas sesquiterpénicas y terpenoides con grupo carbonilo. Fueron observados tricomas tectores unicelulares cortos, de extremos agudos, pluricelulares de extremos agudos y capitados, y tricomas glandulares saculares y glándulas perladas. En la porción basal de los tricomas tectores fueron encontradas proteínas totales y en los tricomas saculares, proteína, lípidos totales y ortodihidroxifenoles

The mitochondrial NAD+ transporter (NDT1) plays important roles in cellular NAD+ homeostasis in \u3ci\u3eArabidopsis thaliana\u3c/i\u3e

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme required for all living organisms. In eukaryotic cells, the final step of NAD+ biosynthesis is exclusively cytosolic. Hence, NAD+ must be imported into organelles to support their metabolic functions. Three NAD+ transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) have been biochemically characterized in plants. AtNDT1 (At2g47490), focus of the current study, AtNDT2 (At1g25380), targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and AtPXN (At2g39970), located in the peroxisomal membrane. Although AtNDT1 was presumed to reside in the chloroplast membrane, subcellular localization experiments with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed that AtNDT1 locates exclusively in the mitochondrial membrane in stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. To understand the biological function of AtNDT1 in Arabidopsis, three transgenic lines containing an antisense construct of AtNDT1 under the control of the 35S promoter alongside a T-DNA insertional line were evaluated. Plants with reduced AtNDT1 expression displayed lower pollen viability, silique length, and higher rate of seed abortion. Furthermore, these plants also exhibited an increased leaf number and leaf area concomitant with higher photosynthetic rates and higher levels of sucrose and starch. Therefore, lower expression of AtNDT1 was associated with enhanced vegetative growth but severe impairment of the reproductive stage. These results are discussed in the context of the mitochondrial localization of AtNDT1 and its important role in the cellular NAD+ homeostasis for both metabolic and developmental processes in plants

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Physiological effects of NAD + transporters reduced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nicotinamida adenina dinucleotídeo (NAD + ) e seu derivado NADP + são compostos essenciais em todos os organismos vivos e que estão envolvidos em transações energéticas, na sinalização celular e em diversas reações na forma de coenzimas. Alterações no catabolismo ou no anabolismo do NAD + podem modificar não apenas a sua concentração, mas também o poder redutor celular, impactando aspectos importantes do crescimento e desenvolvimento. Uma vez que as etapas finais da biossíntese de NAD + ocorrem no citosol, o mesmo precisa ultrapassar membranas biológicas para exercer suas funções dentro de organelas celulares. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se em Arabidopsis thaliana o papel dos transportadores cloroplastídico e mitocondrial de NAD + , denominados AtNDT1 e AtNDT2, respectivamente. Para tal, foram utilizadas linhagens mutantes obtidas por inserção do T-DNA e foram geradas plantas transgênicas contendo uma construção antisenso para os transportadores NDT1 e NDT2, sob o controle do promotor 35S, das quais, três linhagens com reduzida expressão de cada transportador foram selecionadas. Estas plantas foram caracterizadas extensivamente a nível fisiológico e bioquímico. Verificou-se que plantas com expressão reduzida de NDT1 apresentam maior número de folhas e área foliar específica em relação às plantas não transformadas (WT). Observaram-se também maiores taxas de fotossíntese por unidade de massa e, consequentemente, maior acúmulo de sacarose e amido em comparação com o WT. Entretanto, estas plantas apresentaram menor viabilidade do grão de pólen, redução no comprimento das síliquas e sementes abortadas. Já em plantas com reduzida expressão do transportador NDT2 descobriu-se que apesar de possuírem menor número de folhas, a área foliar aumentou. A fotossíntese nestas plantas diminuiu consideravelmente em decorrência de uma menor densidade estomática e condutância estomática. Concomitantemente, plantas com reduzida expressão de NDT2 apresentaram menor acúmulo de amido. A germinação das sementes e formação de plântulas foram menores e mais lentas em comparação com o WT. Além disso, houve aumento na concentração relativa de alguns ácidos graxos durante o estabelecimento das plântulas. Diante dos resultados obtidos, sugere-se que os transportadores de NAD + estão envolvidos na determinação do número de folhas e área foliar, na fotossíntese, na condutância estomática e nas concentrações de amido. Além disso, tecidos heterotróficos também são fortemente influenciados, especialmente aqueles envolvidos em processos reprodutivos. Para compreender a função deste transportador é necessário analisar não apenas a concentração celular dos nucleotídeos de pirimidina, mas também como alterações no status redox celular afetam o metabolismo vegetal. Assim, os dados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que alterações no estado redox em cloroplastos e mitocôndrias causadas pela diminuição da expressão de NDT1 ou NDT2 afetam processos em outras organelas que não aquela em que ocorre a redução da expressão. Estes resultados abrem possibilidades para aplicações biotecnológicas, uma vez que a regulação da biossíntese e transporte de cofatores pode ser usada como uma ferramenta para estratégias de aumento da assimilação de carbono em plantas. Para tal, é necessário, no entanto compreender mais o papel destes transportadores em outros tecidos vegetais e condições adversas bem como o papel de enzimas chave que atuam no processo.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP + ) are indispensable redox-active components of all living organisms. These nucleotides play essential roles in signaling and in many reactions as they act as co-enzymes. NAD catabolism or anabolism changes impact not only the concentration of these coenzymes but also the cellular poise, modifying plant growth and development. Since the final steps of NAD + biosynthesis occurs in cytosol, this nucleotide needs to be imported by organelles to play its functions inside cellular organelles. This work analyzed the function of a plastid and a mitochondrial Arabidopsis thaliana NAD + transporter, named as AtNDT1 e AtNDT2 respectively. We have isolated T-DNA insertion mutants and three antisense lines, controlled by the 35S promoter, for NDT1 and NDT2. Plants with reduced expression of NDT1 and NDT2 were individually selected and characterized at physiological and biochemical level. It was verified that NDT1 low expression lines displayed higher leaf number and specific leaf area compared to wild type plants (WT). Interestingly, higher photosynthesis per mass unit and sucrose and starch concentration was observed. On the other hand, NDT1 low expression lines show less pollen viability and reduced silique length and increased the number of aborted seeds. The low expression NDT2 lines displayed reduced number of leaves and increased leaf area. Despite these phenotypes, the net photosynthetic rate decreased considerably due to lower stomatal conductance, possible as a consequence of lower stomatal density. Concomitantly, these plants showed lower starch accumulation during the day. The germination and seedling growth rate were reduced as compared to WT. Furthermore, the oil relative concentration increased during seedling establishment. Based on these results, we conclude that NAD + transporters have important function in determining leaf number, area, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and starch accumulation. Moreover, heterotrophic tissues are strongly affected by the reduction in the expression of these transporters, especially those tissues involved in reproductive process. For a better understanding of the role played by these transporters, it is necessary to analyze not only nucleotide cellular concentration but also the redox poise in different cell compartments. Thus, the results presented in this thesis suggest that lower expression of NAD transporters alters redox poise in different organelles affecting important physiological processes. These results open possibilities for biotechnology application, once the regulation of biosynthesis and transport of cofactors might be used as a tool for increasing carbon assimilation in plants. Nonetheless, it is necessary understanding the role of these transporters in other plant tissues and plant cultivated under stress conditions involved in these processes.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Contribution of seed coat to the control of germination of Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K. seeds

Sementes de estilosante (Stylosanthes humilis HBK), leguminosa tropical, forrageira anual, exibem uma barreira tegumentar imposta principalmente pelos macroesclereídios que compõe o tecido paliçádico do tegumento. Alguns reguladores de crescimento são capazes de penetrar o tegumento das sementes, estimular a germinação e promover o crescimento do embrião que, então rompe a barreira tegumentar. Quando as sementes são escarificadas em seguida ao tratamento das sementes com reguladores por 48 ou 72 h, ocorre quebra parcial da dormência, mostrando que os reguladores haviam penetrado pelo tegumento. Os reguladores de crescimento que exibiram maior permeância , i. e., aqueles que propiciaram um nível de germinação mais alto foram: ácido 1-carboxílico-1-aminociclopropano, tiouréia e ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico (CEPA) + benziladenina (BA). CEPA e BA, isoladamente, também puderam quebrar a dormência, dependendo do lote de sementes estudado. Tratamentos de escarificação mecânica (com o uso de lixa d água) e química (com H2SO4) tornaram o tegumento permeável à água e solução dos reguladores de crescimento por afetarem a cutícula e os macroesclereídios do tegumento e, por isso, são rotineiramente empregados na quebra da paradormência tegumentar das sementes.Seeds of Towsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis HBK), a tropical annual forage legume, exhibit a seed coat barrier to water and solutions imposed mainly by its macrosclereids, elongated palisade cells. Some growth regulator solutions are capable to penetrate the seed coat stimulating embryo growth, wich causes then coat rupture, leading to germination. When seeds are scarificed mechanically with sandpaper following treatments with regulators for 48 or 72 h, dormancy is partially broken, showing that regulators had penetrated through the seed coat. The growth regulators which mostly permeate seed coat thus promoting germination were: 1-amino-1- cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, thiourea and the combination 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) plus benzyladenine (BA). CEPA and BA, isolatedily, were also able to break dormancy, depending on the seed lot studied. Seed coat became highly permeable to water and growth regulators after mechanical (with sandpaper) and chemical (with sulfuric acid) scarification.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Effect of the seed coat on dormancy and germination in Stylosanthes humilis H. B. K. Seeds

Abstract: Seed of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.) is known to exhibit a hard seed coat and when freshly harvested also show a physiological dormancy, however, the nature of the co-actions between seed coat and embryo growth that determine dormancy is poorly understood. In this study, physical dormancy of Townsville stylo seeds was not reduced during natural ageing at room temperature, in contrast to the physiological dormancy, which is gradually overcome during after-ripening. Furthermore, the permeability of seed coat was affected by scarification treatments as well as by low-pH solutions. Together, these data indicate that physical dormancy overcome of seed is prerequisite for radicle protrusion and physiological dormancy of Townsville stylo seeds contribute to its timing

Effect of the seed coat on dormancy and germination in Stylosanthes humilis H. B. K. Seeds

<div><p>Abstract: Seed of Townsville stylo (Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.) is known to exhibit a hard seed coat and when freshly harvested also show a physiological dormancy, however, the nature of the co-actions between seed coat and embryo growth that determine dormancy is poorly understood. In this study, physical dormancy of Townsville stylo seeds was not reduced during natural ageing at room temperature, in contrast to the physiological dormancy, which is gradually overcome during after-ripening. Furthermore, the permeability of seed coat was affected by scarification treatments as well as by low-pH solutions. Together, these data indicate that physical dormancy overcome of seed is prerequisite for radicle protrusion and physiological dormancy of Townsville stylo seeds contribute to its timing.</p></div

<b>Morphological characterization of fruits, diaspores and germination of <i>Miconia ligustroides</i> (DC.) Naundim (Melastomataceae)</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v35i1.12648

<p class="aresumo"><em>Miconia ligustroides</em> (DC.) Naudim, popularly known as “vassoura-preta” or “jacatirão-do-brejo” is widely distributed in Brazil. It is a recommended species for restoration of riparian areas and its fruits are attractive to wildlife. However, little is known about the morphology of its fruits and diaspores. Such morphological characterization studies are important for species identification, corroborating future studies of phenology and germination. Therefore, the fruits, diaspores and germination of <em>M. ligustroides</em> were morphologically characterized by observations through naked eye, stereoscopic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Analyses of chemical composition of seeds were also performed. The fruits are spherical and uniform within the analyzed sample, having a large number of tiny obtriangular yellowish-brown diaspores. The diaspores are considered ananfitropos, and have crystals in their external envelope. Concerning chemical composition, they are proteins. Germination is of phanerocotylar type and starts at 12 Days After Sowing (DAS); at 17 DAS each diaspore may produce up to three seedlings. The morphological characterization performed in this work was efficient to describe the fruits, seeds and germination of this species, thus providing the basis for future studies.</p> <p class="apalavrachave"> </p