ESPALHAMENTO ELÁSTICO DE ELÉTRONS E PÓSITRONS POR MOLÉCULAS CÍCLICAS

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física do Setor de Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal do Paraná como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Física.Tese arquivada ao abrigo da Portaria nº 227/2017 de 25 julho.Neste trabalho são apresentadas seções de choque calculadas para o espalhamento de elétrons e pósitrons por moléculas cíclicas, empregando o método multicanal de Schwinger (SMC) e seções de choque diferenciais obtidas experimentalmente para o espalhamento de elétrons por clorobenzeno. Os dados experimentais foram obtidos no espectrômetro de perda de energia de elétrons de alta resolução disponível no Laboratório de Colisões Atômicas e Moleculares (LCAM) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, durante período de estágio doutoral. Seções de choque calculadas para o espalhamento elástico de elétrons por benzeno, ciclohexano, oxano (tetraidropirano), 1,4-dioxano, prolina e pirrolidina são apresentadas e comparadas a dados disponíveis na literatura. Quanto ao espalhamento de pósitrons, foram estudadas as colisões elásticas de pósitrons por pirimidina, benzeno e tetraidrofurano, cujos resultados foram comparados a dados disponíveis na literatura. As seções de choque do benzeno e da pirimidina também foram comparadas entre elas em busca de diferenças ou similaridades oriundas da substituição de dois grupos CH do benzeno por dois átomos de nitrogênio para formar a pirimidina. Além disso, também foram realizados estudos sistemáticos da descrição dos efeitos de polarização para duas moléculas apolares, aleno e silano, que foram escolhidas devida a disponibilidade de dados experimentais e ao tamanho reduzido das moléculas. A descrição dos efeitos de polarização é discutida com respeito aos fenômenos físicos presentes no espalhamento de pósitrons por moléculas, como o estado virtual e o mínimo de Ramsauer-Townsend

Should We Turn off the Music? Music with Lyrics Interferes with Cognitive Tasks

People often listen to music while doing cognitive tasks. Yet, whether music harms or helps performance is still debated. Here, we assessed the objective and subjective effects of music with and without lyrics on four cognitive tasks. College students completed tasks of verbal and visual memory, reading comprehension, and arithmetic under three conditions: silence, instrumental music, and music with lyrics. Participants judged their learning during and after each condition. Music with lyrics hindered verbal memory, visual memory, and reading comprehension (d ≈ –0.3), whereas its negative effect (d = –.19) on arithmetic was not credible. Instrumental music (hip-hop lo-fi) did not credibly hinder or improve performance. Participants were aware of the detrimental impact of the lyrics. Instrumental music was, however, sometimes perceived as beneficial. Our results corroborate the general distracting effect of background music. However, faulty metacognition about music’s interfering effect cannot fully explain why students often listen to music while studying

A construção da centralidade urbana de Balneário Camboriú-SC

Propõe-se neste artigo uma discussão acerca da formação da área central de Balneário Camboriú, em Santa Catarina. A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar as articulações existentes, os elementos que contribuíram para sua construção e a influência desta centralidade na oferta de serviços e comércio na rede de cidades da Foz do rio Itajaí. Os resultados demonstram que a centralidade de Balneário Camboriú caracteriza-se pela velocidade de verticalização que a cidade possui, mesmo sendo um dos menores territórios do Estado. Seu processo de desenvolvimento sócio espacial, de construção de sua própria imagem, caracteriza-se sobretudo pela atuação de agentes sociais de variados grupos, os quais, por meio de suas estratégias, promovem o que pode-se denominar de desenvolvimento econômico e turístico local.This article proposes a discussion about the formation of the central area of Balneário Camboriú, in Santa Catarina. The research aims to identify the existing articulations, the elements that contributed to its construction and the influence of this centrality in the service and commerce offer on the city network of Itajaíriver mouth. The results demonstrate that the centrality of Balneário Camboriú is characterized by the speed of verticalization that the city possesses, even though it is one of the smallest territories in the State. Its process of socio-spatial development, of building its own image, is characterized mainly by the performance of social agents of various groups, which, through their strategies, promote what can commonly be termed, economic development and local tourism

Electronic State Spectroscopy of Nitromethane and Nitroethane

Funding Information: L.V.S.D., A.S.B., and M.H.F.B. acknowledge support from the Brazilian agencies Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). L.V.S.D., A.S.B., and M.H.F.B. also acknowledge Prof. Carlos de Carvalho for computational support at LFTC-DFis-UFPR and at LCPAD-UFPR. The authors acknowledge the beam time at the ISA synchrotron, Aarhus University, Denmark. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) CALIPSO under grant agreement n° 312284. P.L.V. acknowledges the Portuguese National Funding Agency (FCT) through research grant CEFITEC (UIDB/00068/2020), as well as his visiting professor position at Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. This contribution is also based upon work from the COST Action CA18212-Molecular Dynamics in the GAS phase (MD-GAS), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.High-resolution photoabsorption cross-sections in the 3.7-10.8 eV energy range are reinvestigated for nitromethane (CH3NO2), while for nitroethane (C2H5NO2), they are reported for the first time. New absorption features are observed for both molecules which have been assigned to vibronic excitations of valence, Rydberg, and mixed valence-Rydberg characters. In comparison with nitromethane, nitroethane shows mainly broad absorption bands with diffuse structures, which can be interpreted as a result of the side-chain effect contributing to an increased number of internal degrees of freedom. New theoretical quantum chemical calculations performed at the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level were used to qualitatively help interpret the recorded photoabsorption spectra. From the photoabsorption cross-sections, photolysis lifetimes in the terrestrial atmosphere have been obtained for both compounds. Relevant internal conversion from Rydberg to valence character is noted for both molecules, while the nuclear dynamics of CH3NO2 and C2H5NO2 along the C-N reaction coordinate have been evaluated through potential energy curves at the TD-DFT level of theory, showing that the pre-dissociative character is more prevalent in nitromethane than in nitroethane.publishersversioninpres

Acolhimento:: uma reflexão sobre o conceito e realidade

Com o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o modelo assistencial no Brasil passou por transformações até a formulação do Programa de Saúde da Família e sua estratégia do acolhimento como forma de organização e ferramenta para garantir o atendimento de qualidade e humanizado à população. Estudos apontaram avanços no processo de acolher, apesar do modelo vigente basear-se na queixa-conduta e não na atenção integral ao indivíduo, e tão pouco nas ações coletivas. Trata-se de estudo bibliográfico com base no processo de trabalho em saúde na atenção básica, objetivando promover a comparação entre acolhimento e sua prática descrita. Infere-se que a assistência de saúde deve ser humanizada, qualificada e que os profissionais de saúde aceitem o desafio de repensar no processo realizado, e busquem atitudes mais criativas capazes de beneficiar a saúde e contribuir para a cidadania, demonstrando importância do acolhimento para a qualidade do serviço e para o vínculo paciente/profissional

Theoretical and experimental study on electron interactions with chlorobenzene: Shape resonances and differential cross sections

In this work, we report theoretical and experimental cross sections for elastic scattering of electrons by chlorobenzene (ClB). The theoretical integral and differential cross sections (DCSs) were obtained with the Schwinger multichannel method implemented with pseudopotentials (SMCPP) and the independent atom method with screening corrected additivity rule (IAM-SCAR). The calculations with the SMCPP method were done in the static-exchange (SE) approximation, for energies above 12 eV, and in the static-exchange plus polarization approximation, for energies up to 12 eV. The calculations with the IAM-SCAR method covered energies up to 500 eV. The experimental differential cross sections were obtained in the high resolution electron energy loss spectrometer VG-SEELS 400, in Lisbon, for electron energies from 8.0 eV to 50 eV and angular range from 7 degrees to 110 degrees. From the present theoretical integral cross section (ICS) we discuss the low-energy shape-resonances present in chlorobenzene and compare our computed resonance spectra with available electron transmission spectroscopy data present in the literature. Since there is no other work in the literature reporting differential cross sections for this molecule, we compare our theoretical and experimental DCSs with experimental data available for the parent molecule benzene. Published by AIP Publishing

Development of a low-cost prototype: Pitot Tube designed to measure the mass and the volumetric flow rates of fluids

This study aims to develop a low-cost prototype to measure the mass and volumetric flow rate of fluids through the construction of a Pitot Tube. This meter must be able to measure the mass flow rate of air for different pressure values using only the water height level variation. For the development of the prototype, low-cost materials were used, in addition to some necessary tools. These experimental models are a didactic proposal for teaching and learning about the flow of fluids discipline, where it was verified that the experimental values found presented satisfactory results correlated with the theoretical concepts of an ideal fluid present in the literature. Thus, the Bernoulli and Torricelli equations were applied to assess the quality of the measurement method, to facilitate the learning of undergraduate students in the Production Engineering Course through conciliation between theory and practice in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory discipline classes. Finally, the prototype experiment was exposed to other students at the institutional event called “I Integrar Produção” held by UFRA at the Parauapebas Campus

Violence, trafficking and drug use in public schools in Belém -Pará - Brazil

The research shows how violence, trafficking and drug use has been recurrent within schools, causing directions that are difficult to contour by Brazilian government officials. The research had a qualitative and quantitative character. The method used was interviews with teachers and the use of questionnaires with a group of one hundred and seventy students and sixteen teachers. Among all the problems, misery; the use of drugs; the arrival of adolescence; the insertion of the researched group in risk areas belonging to Perverse Territorialization; the lack of definition of a full and adequate curriculum for our social problems; the lack of adequate punishment; the influence of family habitus has contributed to the spread of violence, stimulating parallel activities with the predominance of drug trafficking and organized crime where it presents a growing approximation with the local community in need of all types of services and improvements not provided by the State, causing the increase in all crime rates, the increase in drug trafficking as well as the increase in cases of psychological disorders. Among these reasons, violence in the school environment has increased. The actions necessary to reduce school violence are pointed out in this article, knowing that for its consolidation, the support of the school community and the creation of internal codes of conduct essential to living in the school environment are necessary