Enhancing of women functional status with metabolic syndrome by cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of combined aerobic and resistance training

These data describe the effects of combined aerobic plus resistance training (CT) with regards to risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS), quality of life, functional capacity, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with MetS. In this context, thirteen women (35.466.2 yr) completed 10 weeks of CT consisting of three weekly sessions of ,60 min aerobic training (treadmill at 65–70% of reserve heart rate, 30 min) and resistance training (3 sets of 8–12 repetitions maximum for main muscle groups). Dependent variables were maximum chest press strength; isometric hand-grip strength; 30 s chair stand test; six minute walk test; body mass; body mass index; body adiposity index; waist circumference; systolic (SBP), diastolic and mean blood pressure (MBP); blood glucose; HDL-C; triglycerides; interleukins (IL) 6, 10 and 12, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and serum nitric oxide metabolite (NOx); quality of life (SF-36) and Z-Score of MetS. There was an improvement in muscle strength on chest press (p = 0.009), isometric hand-grip strength (p = 0.03) and 30 s chair stand (p = 0.007). There was a decrease in SBP (p = 0.049), MBP (p = 0.041), Z-Score of MetS (p = 0.046), OPG (0.4260.26 to 0.3860.19 ng/mL, p,0.05) and NOx (13.362.3 mmol/L to 9.162.3 mmol/L; p,0.0005). IL-10 displayed an increase (13.667.5 to 17.2612.3 pg/mL, p,0.05) after 10 weeks of training. Combined training also increased the perception of physical capacity (p = 0.011). This study endorses CT as an efficient tool to improve blood pressure, functional capacity, quality of life and reduce blood markers of inflammation, which has a clinical relevance in the prevention and treatment of MetS

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients attenuates muscle atrophy, neurophysiological disorders, and weakness: a randomized controlled trial

International audienceBackground Critically ill traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients experience extensive muscle damage during their stay in the intensive care unit. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been considered a promising treatment to reduce the functional and clinical impacts of this. However, the time needed for NMES to produce effects over the muscles is still unclear. This study primarily aimed to assess the time needed and effects of an NMES protocol on muscle architecture, neuromuscular electrophysiological disorder (NED), and muscle strength, and secondarily, to evaluate the effects on plasma systemic inflammation, catabolic responses, and clinical outcomes. Methods We performed a randomized clinical trial in critically ill TBI patients. The control group received only conventional physiotherapy, while the NMES group additionally underwent daily NMES for 14 days in the lower limb muscles. Participants were assessed at baseline and on days 3, 7, and 14 of their stay in the intensive care unit. The primary outcomes were assessed with muscle ultrasound, neuromuscular electrophysiology, and evoked peak force, and the secondary outcomes with plasma cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and clinical outcomes. Results Sixty participants were randomized, and twenty completed the trial from each group. After 14 days, the control group presented a significant reduction in muscle thickness of tibialis anterior and rectus femoris, mean of - 0.33 mm (- 14%) and - 0.49 mm (- 21%), p < 0.0001, respectively, while muscle thickness was preserved in the NMES group. The control group presented a higher incidence of NED: 47% vs. 0% in the NMES group, p < 0.0001, risk ratio of 16, and the NMES group demonstrated an increase in the evoked peak force (2.34 kg/f, p < 0.0001), in contrast to the control group (- 1.55 kg/f, p < 0.0001). The time needed for the NMES protocol to prevent muscle architecture disorders and treat weakness was at least 7 days, and 14 days to treat NED. The secondary outcomes exhibited less precise results, with confidence intervals that spanned worthwhile or trivial effects. Conclusions NMES applied daily for fourteen consecutive days reduced muscle atrophy, the incidence of NED, and muscle weakness in critically ill TBI patients. At least 7 days of NMES were required to elicit the first significant results

Sarcopenia in sedentary elderly and relation with functionality and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-10)

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia is progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass related to aging. A sedentary lifestyle is a major factor related to the imbalance between synthesis and protein degradation, especially in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a group of sedentary elderly and its relationship to physical strength and inflammatory markers. METHODS: were conducted in 53 elderly collection of anthropometric data, assessment of body composition, functional test (Timed Up and Go), test of strength (grip) and collecting blood sample for evaluation of inflammatory markers. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the sample was 50% men and 54% among women. The average age was 71.3 years old in sarcopenia group and 66.4 years in non sarcopenia group (p = 0.015). There was no statistically significant difference between the values found for IL-6 (p = 0.70) and IL-10 (p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of sarcopenia in sedentary elderly and muscle mass loss was associated with loss of muscle strength in men and women. There was no association with inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-10.</p

Acupuncture Treatment in Elderly People with Sarcopenia: Effects on the Strength and Inflammatory Mediators

Introduction. Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, associated with aging. A multidisciplinary approach has been increasingly prioritized in elderly care. A technique that has been widely used by the seniors is acupuncture. Objectives. To analyse the effects of acupuncture in muscle strength and in inflammatory markers of older people with sarcopenia. Methods. The sample was composed by 53 elderly people, aged over 60 years. Inclusion criteria were as follows: male and female seniors, sedentary and who were not under acupuncture treatment during the survey period. Assessment of body composition, handgrip strength, and functional test and IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines analyses were performed. After verification of the physical examination, the subjects were divided into two groups (sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic). The first group was then randomized (by drawing lot) to be further divided into two subgroups: G1, composed of sarcopenic elderly people who received acupuncture intervention, and G2, composed of sarcopenic elderly people who did not receive intervention. The nonsarcopenic elderly people composed the group 3 (G3) and did not receive acupuncture intervention. ANOVA Split Plot was performed for intergroup comparison. For intragroup evaluation, ANOVA was conducted for repeated measures. For the delta values, ANCOVA was performed with the pretest as covariant. A p<0.05 significance level was adopted. Results. 26 older people concluded the collections. There was no statistically significant difference between the G1 group and the other ones regarding the assessed variables (muscle mass, muscle strength, functionality, and inflammatory markers). Conclusion. The results allow us to infer that it is possible that the conducted intervention protocol has not produced any significant effects in the studied population. UTN number: RBR-8df2h4

Evaluation of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) concentrations before and after the training program (mean ± SD).

<p>*Statistically significant (p≤0.05).</p><p>Evaluation of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) concentrations before and after the training program (mean ± SD).</p

Flow-chart of the participants.

<p>Flow-chart of the participants.</p

Anthropometric and hemodynamic characteristics of the subjects (n = 13) before and after the training program (mean ± SD).

<p>*Statistically significant (p≤0.05).</p><p>Anthropometric and hemodynamic characteristics of the subjects (n = 13) before and after the training program (mean ± SD).</p

SF-36 scores before and after the training program (mean ± SD).

<p>*Statistically significant (p≤0.05).</p><p>SF-36 scores before and after the training program (mean ± SD).</p

Nitric oxide (NO) concentration before (pre) and after (post) the training program (mean ± SD).

<p>*Statistically different compared with pre-values (p≤0.05).</p