Objeto de aprendizagem sobre calendário de vacinação para pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados de um estudo que concebeu e avaliou um Objeto de Aprendizagem (OA) sobre o Calendário Vacinal das Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS para profissionais que atuam na atenção primária à saúde. As etapas do estudo consistiram em: identificação das necessidades dos profissionais; planejamento da arquitetura do OA; construção do plano de ação pedagógica e storyboard; desenvolvimento e avaliação do OA. A partir da identificação de demandas, foi concebido um recurso educacional, que contemplou o Calendário de Vacinação preconizado para PVHA. Referente à avaliação, observou-se que todos os participantes concordaram que o conteúdo apresentado, as atividades e/ou avaliações incluídas no objeto de aprendizagem são suficientes para permitir que o público-alvo atinja os objetivos propostos. Por fim, obteve-se um curso autoinstrucional voltado a profissionais de saúde, destinado à educação continuada e ofertado na modalidade à distância

Prevalence of Microorganisms and Immunoglobulins in Children with Tonsillar Hypertrophy and Adenoiditis

Introduction: Benign idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy (HBI) may affect a child's quality of life and sleep. Several studies have sought to relate the clinical features of HBI with the infectious and/or immunologic changes that occur. Objective: To increase the knowledge of the etiology of HBI. Data Synthesis: From 2012 to 2013 we conducted a retrospective observational study of 101 children with HBI who underwent tonsillectomies at Ambulatory ENT General Hospital of the East Zone of São Paulo City, a region with a poor socioeconomic population. Preoperative serologic results were available to confirm mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, anti-streptolysin O (ASLO) and immunoglobulins. The mean patient age was 5.8 years (55% male, 45% female). Using the Mann-Whitney U test, we identified significant gender differences in the parameters of immunoglobulins (Ig) M (IgM), IgA, and IgE. Forty-seven percent of the patients had increased ASLO levels, and 37% had increased IgE levels. Conclusion: An evaluation of a patient's serologic parameters and laboratory results may be relevant to the etiology and prevention of HBI. Based on the results obtained from the study sample, the identification of etiologic agents and causative factors remain a public health challenge that affects the quality of life of children.Universidade Anhembi MorumbiUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universdidade Cidade de São PauloUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

UM MODELO DE HISTÓRICO E PLANO DE ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM À FAMILIA

Report on the use of a model nursing family assistance history and care plan, presented by teachers and students from a nursing school.Relatório sobre o uso de um modelo de histórico e de plano de assistência de enfermagem à família, realizado por docentes e alunos de uma escola de enfermagem

Beliefs and attitudes of profissionals about marital violence: studies with health profissionals, policemen and teachers

Este artigo apresenta um conjunto de investigações cujo objectivo foi caracterizar as crenças dos profissionais mais directamente implicados na resposta e prevenção da violência conjugal face a este fenómeno. Para tal, um instrumento de avaliação das crenças sobre a violência conjugal foi administrado a um conjunto de 226 profissionais de saúde, 85 agentes de segurança e 280 professores. Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência para a discordância moderada, nas três amostras estudadas, relativamente aos mitos e crenças legitimadoras do abuso conjugal. Subsistem, contudo, alguns mitos relacionados com a raridade do problema, a sua atribuição a causas externas e a protecção da privacidade familiar. Os sujeitos mais velhos e de sexo masculino exibem, tendencialmente, uma maior legitimação da violência.This article presents a set of three research projects that aimed to characterize the beliefs about marital violence of the professionals most directly implied in the response and prevention of this problem. A research questionnaire that evaluates beliefs about marital violence was administered to a sample of 226 health professionals, 85 law enforcement agents and 280 teachers. On the global results show a tendency to moderate disagreement with beliefs that legitimize this form of abuse. Some myths, however, persist in these samples, namely those related to the privacy of the problem, its rarity and attribution to external causes. Male and older subjects show, in general, higher levels of violence legitimization

Motor development of older adults: comparative study of gender and age group

Introduction: Aging in motor development is represented by a retrogenesis process that refers to gradual losses in motor components. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence this process. Objective: The aimed of this study was to evaluate and compare the motor development of older adults considering the gender and age group. Method: A total of 218 healthy older adults aged 60-79 years old were included. Four groups were formed according to gender and age group: G1 (n=64) - female, 60-69 years old; G2 (n=45) - female, 70-79 years old; G3 (n=66) - male, 60-69 years old; G4 (n=43) - male, 70-79 years old. The Motor Scale for Older Adults (MSOA) was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis and Dunn post hoc test. Results: Most of the older adults presented Motor Development within the normal range. The group of older women of 70-79 years old presented low mean values (͞x=87.7, SD=12.4), being statistically different when compared to the others groups. The areas: Global Coordination (p=0.001), Balance (p=0.001) and Body Scheme (p=0.012), presented significant statistical differences between the groups. In this analysis, women reached lower scores in most of the evaluated areas. Conclusion: The older women with more advanced age presented major impairment in motor development when compared to older men and older women with 60-69 years old

A intenção de lealdade à universidade a partir da análise do perfil de alunos do curso de administração de uma universidade pública

A lealdade de alunos pode contribuir para a existência de benefícios pessoais, sociais e institucionais. Este artigo descritivo, exploratório, quali-quantitativo apresenta as características que influenciam na lealdade de alunos do curso de Administração de uma universidade pública federal do sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que alunos em geral sentem-se leais, com predomínio de mulheres. Alunos de maior idade tendem e ser mais leais, assim como aqueles que estudaram em escolas públicas e nasceram em outra cidade. A lealdade varia em relação aos semestres no qual o aluno estava cursando. Os alunos estão satisfeitos com a escolha de universidade e tendem a recomendá-la para outras pessoas. O perfil do aluno pode determinar seu nível de lealdade e há possibilidade deles recomendarem sua universidade para outras pessoas, firmarem uma identidade com sua IES de origem, o que também infere novas possibilidades de ações acadêmicas para a captação e retenção de alunos

Modelling the impact of school reopening and contact tracing strategies on Covid-19 dynamics in different epidemiologic settings in Brazil

We simulate the impact of school reopening during the COVID-19 pandemic in three major urban centers in Brazil to identify the epidemiological indicators and the best timing for the return of in-school activities and the effect of contact tracing as a mitigation measure. Our goal is to offer guidelines for evidence-based policymaking. We implement an extended SEIR model stratified by age and considering contact networks in different settings – school, home, work, and community, in which the infection transmission rate is affected by various intervention measures. After fitting epidemiological and demographic data, we simulate scenarios with increasing school transmission due to school reopening, and also estimate the number of hospitalization and deaths averted by the implementation of contact tracing. Reopening schools results in a non-linear increase in reported COVID-19 cases and deaths, which is highly dependent on infection and disease incidence at the time of reopening. When contact tracing and quarantining are restricted to school and home settings, a large number of daily tests is required to produce significant effects in reducing the total number of hospitalizations and deaths. Policymakers should carefully consider the epidemiological context and timing regarding the implementation of school closure and return of in-person school activities. While contact tracing strategies prevent new infections within school en- vironments, they alone are not sufficient to avoid significant impacts on community transmission

Detecção de genes toxigênicos, susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e antagonismo in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. isolados de queijos artesanais

Staphylococcus spp. isolated from samples of Minas cheese traditionally manufactured following artisan procedures were identified using molecular techniques and further analyzed using PCR and specific primers for the detection of classic enterotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Specific sea, sec, sed, and see genes were identified using multiplex PCR, whereas seb and tst genes were detected by uniplex PCR. In vitro antagonism with Lactobacillus spp. was evaluated to assess antimicrobial susceptibility. Classic enterotoxins and TSST-1 genes were not detected. The antimicrobials sulfonamide, penicillin, ceftzadime, and oxacillin showed higher resistance rates in the antibiogram (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%, respectively), whereas other antimicrobials were effective in percentages above 70%. Lactobacillus spp. were able to inhibit Staphylococcus spp. in vitro. Thus, our results indicated that the isolated Staphylococcus spp. were sensitive to the most common antimicrobials tested and were inhibited by Lactobacillus spp.Cepas de Staphylococcus spp. molecularmente identificadas foram submetidas à Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), utilizando-se iniciadores específicos para a detecção de genes codificadores de enterotoxinas clássicas (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE) e da Toxina-1 da Síndrome do Choque Tóxico (TSST-1). Foi realizada PCR-Multiplex para detecção dos genes sea, sec, sed e see. Para seb e tst, foram realizadas PCR-Uniplex. Além disso, foi analisado o perfil de susceptibilidade das cepas a antimicrobianos de diferentes classes e foi verificado antagonismo in vitro entre Lactobacillus spp. e as cepas estudadas. Genes codificadores de enteroxinas clássicas, assim como de TSST-1, não foram encontrados. Em relação ao antibiograma, Sulfonamida, Penicilina, Ceftazidima e Oxacilina apresentaram os maiores percentuais de resistência (100, 80, 60 e 40%, respectivamente). Os demais antimicrobianos foram eficientes em percentuais acima de 70%. Lactobacillus spp. foram capazes de inibir o desenvolvimento in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. Conclui-se que as cepas estudadas não possuem genes codificadores da produção de enterotoxinas clássicas e TSST-1, são sensíveis à maioria dos antimicrobianos e são inibidos por bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus

Influence of the expression of inflammatory markers on kidney after fetal programming in an experimental model of renal failure

Objective. To evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in experimental renal failure after fetal programming. Methods. The offspring aged two and fivemonths were divided into four groups: CC (control dams, control offspring)DC (diabetic dams, control offspring)CFA (control dams, folic acid offspring, 250 mg/Kg)and DFA (diabetic dams, folic acid offspring). Gene expression of inflammatory markersMCP-1, IL-1, NOS3, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and VEGF was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results. MCP-1 was increased in the CFA and DFA groups at two and fivemonths of age, as well as in DC5 when compared to CC5. There was a higher expression of IL-1 in the CFA2, DFA2, and DC2 groups. There was a decrease in NOS3 and an increase in TNF-alpha in DFA5 in relation to CFA5. The gene expression of TGF-beta increased in cases that had received folic acid at two and five months, and VEGF decreased in the CFA5 and DFA5 groups. DC5 showed increased VEGF expression in comparison with CC5. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus and folic acid both change the expression of inflammatory markers, thus demonstrating that the exposure to harmful agents in adulthood has a more severe impact in cases which underwent fetal reprogramming.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Fundacao de Ensino e Pesquisa de Uberaba (FUNEPU)Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilDepartment of Health Sciences, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, MG, BrazilDiscipline of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, BrazilNephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilDepartment of General Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, BrazilNephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc