MÉTODOS DE ATRIBUIÇÃO DE CUSTOS CONJUNTOS APLICADOS À ATIVIDADE DE CUNICULTURA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO

The present article joint costs attribution methods applied to rabbit breeding activity are discussed. In this activity, as well as in other agrobusiness, the costs incurred along the initial phases of the production cannot be directly imputed to the several products generated up to the separation point, but after this point. That is due to the diversity of characteristics presented by the several coproducts and by-products obtained in rabbit breeding. Through a bibliographical research the main methods of attribution of joint costs were verified, and from a case study it is tried to demonstrate the application of these methods in the rabbit breeding. It was verified that the several existent methods are based in tracking of the general production costs before the partition point. It is possible to infer that all of the methods of joint costs attribution can be applied to the rabbit breeding activity, displaying advantages and disadvantages, falling to the manager to decide the best one to be used in his operation. Due to the characteristics of the rabbit breeding, it is considered that the method of the technical indexes is it which would better adapt to this activity.rabbit breeding, joint cost, methods of cost’s allocations.,

Indução da ovulação do primeiro folículo dominante em vacas de corte pós-parto

The objective of this study was to investigate the response of the first dominant follicle postpartum to different treatments to induce ovulation. Twenty-eight cows were submitted to daily ultrasound examination starting at 10 days postpartum. The size and number of follicles present in the ovaries were measured. Upon diagnosis of a dominant follicle the cows were submitted at random to one of the following treatments: GnRH (0.5 mg gonadorelin i. m.); E2 (2 mg estradiol cypionate i.m.); Desmame (temporarily weaned for 48 h); MAP + GnRH (0.5 mg gonadorelin i.m., pre-treated with pessaries impregnated with 250 mg of medroxiprogesterone (MAP) for nine days); MAP+E2 (2 mg estradiol cypionate i. m., pre-treated with the progestagen during nine days); and Control (four cows, untreated). The dominant follicle in the ovaries was detected between 11 and 29 days postpartum. No peculiar effect of treatments on any of the analysed variables was detected. The FD decreased in size by the third day, plasmatic progesterone level increased significantly on Day 6 and ovulation began on Day 2 after the treatment, as indicated by daily ovulation rate. The mean population of follicles detected in the ovaries is about 10, presenting some increase at Days 2 and 3, probably due to the number of small follicles. Irrespective of the small number of cows per group in this study, high ovulation rates (~80%) were observed in groups submitted to the hormonal treatments. The results indicate that the first dominant follicle postpartum responds to hormonal agents with ovulation, which could be used to prime the resumption of normal ovarian function of early postpartum beef cows

Об использовании элементов метода ветвей и границ в схемах динамического программирования

Рассматривается возможный способ повышения эффективности алгоритмов по методу динамического программирования при решении условных экстремальных задач с аддитивными целевыми функциями, заданными на дискретных множествах. Основной идеей рассматриваемого способа является сокращение областей определения экстремума при решении рекуррентных уравнений Беллмана путем сравнения текущих значений функции Беллмана с рекордом, аналогично схеме метода ветвей и границ

Genetic Diversity Strategy For The Management And Use Of Rubber Genetic Resources: More Than 1,000 Wild And Cultivated Accessions In A 100-genotype Core Collection

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] is the only plant species worldwide that is cultivated for the commercial production of natural rubber. This study describes the genetic diversity of the Hevea spp. complex that is available in the main ex situ collections of South America, including Amazonian populations that have never been previously described. Genetic data were analyzed to determine the genetic structure of the wild populations, quantify the allelic diversity and suggest the composition of a core collection to capture the maximum genetic diversity within a minimal sample size. A total of 1,117 accessions were genotyped with 13 microsatellite markers. We identified a total of 408 alleles, 319 of which were shared between groups and 89 that were private in different groups of accessions. In a population structure and principal component analysis, the level of clustering reflected a primary division into the following two subgroups: cluster 1, which consisted of varieties from the advanced breeding germplasm that originated from the Wickham and Mato Grosso accessions; and cluster 2, which consisted of the wild germplasm from the Acre, Amazonas, Para and Rondonia populations and Hevea spp. The analyses revealed a high frequency of gene flow between the groups, with the genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) estimated to be 0.018. Additionally, no distinct separation among the H. brasiliensis accessions and the other species from Amazonas was observed. A core collection of 99 accessions was identified that captured the maximum genetic diversity. Rubber tree breeders can effectively utilize this core collection for cultivar improvement. Furthermore, such a core collection could provide resources for forming an association panel to evaluate traits with agronomic and commercial importance. Our study generated a molecular database that should facilitate the management of the Hevea germplasm and its use for subsequent genetic and genomic breeding.107Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPESP [2007/50392-1, 2012/50491-8, 2011/50188-0, 2009/52975-0, 2012/05473-1]CNPq [478701/2012-8, 402954/2012-2

Effects of Sulpiride on True and False Memories of Thematically Related Pictures and Associated Words in Healthy Volunteers

Episodic memory, working memory, emotional memory, and attention are subject to dopaminergic modulation. However, the potential role of dopamine on the generation of false memories is unknown. This study defined the role of the dopamine D-2 receptor on true and false recognition memories. Twenty-four young, healthy volunteers ingested a single dose of placebo or 400 mg oral sulpiride, a dopamine D-2-receptor antagonist, just before starting the recognition memory task in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. The sulpiride group presented more false recognitions during visual and verbal processing than the placebo group, although both groups had the same indices of true memory. These findings demonstrate that dopamine D-2 receptors blockade in healthy volunteers can specifically increase the rate of false recognitions. The findings fit well the two-process view of causes of false memories, the activation/monitoring failures model.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilAssociacao Fundo Incent Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Physiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psychobiol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Selection of okra parents based on performance and genetic divergence

A total of 200 okra accessions with wide variability and a potential for genetic improvement were stored in the Vegetables Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV-BGH) in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objective of this work was to select parents by genetic divergence and behavior per se in 70 okra accessions from the BGH-UFV by quantitative and qualitative descriptors of economic interest. Analysis of individual and combined variance, by clustering of means by Scott-Knott test, of the accessions by Tocher’s method and selection based on qualitative descriptors and behavior per se using the methodology of sum of inverted positions was made. The variability of the characteristics of the accessions as verified by the Scott-Knott test formed different groups and subgroups by Tocher’s method. Fifteen accessions were selected with the qualitative descriptors, and based on the sum of inverted positions for quantitative descriptors the BGH-132, BGH-547, BGH-693, BGH-740, BGH-961, BGH-7863, BGH- 7865, BGH-3196 and BGH-4890 okra accessions were selected as potential parents.Key words: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, germplasm bank, genetic resource, genetic improvement

Technical efficiency and farm size: an analysis based on the Brazilian agriculture and livestock census

This paper analyzes the relationship between technical efficiency and farm size, considering different classes of area and efficiency levels in Brazil. Stochastic Frontier Production was used to obtain the technical efficiency and the Quantile Regression was used to identify their determinants. Microdata from the 2006 Brazilian Agriculture Census were used. It was found a positive and non-linear relationship between farm size and efficiency in all area classes. However, the more efficient the producers, the weaker the relationship, which indicates that such producers were less dependent on the land factor. In addition, irrigation, technical assistance and cooperatives membership were the factors which contributed most to increasing efficiency, especially for the less efficient producers