Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and psychophysiological variables: a systematic review of the literature

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a role not only in calcium homeostasis, but also in several other functions, including cell growth and immune functions, and is considered a neurosteroid. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent worldwide and has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of emotional disorders. Therefore, the association between vitamin D levels and psychophysiological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and mood, has been investigated. To list these variables, a bibliographical literature research was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and PsycINFO databases, between November and December 2020, with no year limits of publication. The studies involved humans aged between 18 and 59 years without associated diseases. This review presents evidence of the main variables involved in this association, main tools used to verify these variables, and methods used to verify circulating vitamin D levels in populations. Most studies have indicated that the main psychophysiological variables involved with vitamin D levels are depression and anxiety followed by mood, and an association has been observed between increased serum vitamin D levels and reduction in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and mood, and there is a heterogeneity of methods for assessing vitamin D. More studies are clearly needed to improve our understanding of their role in modulating the psychophysiological aspects of vitamin D levels

Periodontal diseases in pregnant women as a risk factor: a concise systematic review

This study highlighted that periodontal diseases in pregnant women can be one of the determinants of low birth weight. Studies were carried out to verify the existence of an association between maternal periodontal disease and low birth weight. Gestational period, where the occurrence of periodontal diseases (PD) is more likely, due to its hormonal and physiological changes. Therefore, pregnant women must be alert and take proper care, have prenatal care with their dentist, in addition to their oral care, they must be alert to the risks of low birth weight and premature births. Infections in regions of the genitourinary tract, such as PD, may be associated with the occurrence of low birth weight newborns through the same mechanisms as other maternal and preterm birth infections. The contraction of the uterus and cervical dilation, acting as a trigger for premature birth, can be caused by inflammatory stimuli, which can induce hyperirritability of the uterine smooth muscles. The infection and the resulting inflammatory process can cause damage to the placenta, thereby restricting fetal development. Throughout life, a woman goes through several phases of hormonal fluctuations that, in addition to interfering with the reproductive system, exert influence on other organs and systems, such as the periodontium, particularly in the presence of preexisting gingival inflammation induced by plaque. During pregnancy, a woman is exposed to several significant hormonal changes, as the placenta produces high amounts of estrogen and progesterone, which in turn affect the oral tissues. It was concluded that black women aged over 40 years old are more likely to have PD, having a higher risk of low development to the fetus

Adhesives for orthodontic bracket bonding

The advent of acid etching, introduced by Buonocore in 1955, brought the possibility of bonding between the bracket base and enamel, contributing to more esthetic and conservative orthodontics. This direct bracket bonding technique has brought benefits such as reduced cost and time in performing the treatment, as well as making it easier to perform oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of published studies on orthodontic bracket bonding to dental enamel. It was verified that resin composites and glass ionomer are the most studied and researched materials for this purpose. Resin-modified glass ionomer, with its biocompatibility, capacity of releasing fluoride and no need for acid etching on the tooth structure, has become increasingly popular among dentists. However, due to the esthetic and mechanical properties of light polymerizable resin composite, it continues to be one of the adhesives of choice in the bracket bonding technique and its use is widely disseminated

Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from poultry carcasses

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o isolamento e analisar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Enterococcus de carcaças de frango resfriadas e congeladas comercializadas no Distrito Federal, detectando genes de resistência antimicrobiana e identificando as espécies Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus faecium por reação polimerase em cadeia. Foram analisadas 100 carcaças de frangos, das quais foram isoladas 50 cepas de Enterococcus spp., sendo 42% de E. faecalis e 2% de E. faecium. O teste de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana demonstrou que todas as cepas isoladas apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano, dos quais 90,47% das cepas de E. faecalis, 100% das cepas de E. Faecium e 82,14% dos Enterococcus spp. apresentaram resistência à Tetraciclina; 80,95% das cepas de E. faecalis e 35,71% das cepas de Enterococcus spp. foram resistentes à Eritromicina; 39,28% dos Enterococcus spp. e 23,80% dos E. faecalis à Ciprofloxacina e 28,57% dos E. faecalis apresentaram resistência ao Cloranfenicol. Foram detectados os genes de resistência antimicrobiana erm(B), vanC-1, aph(3')-llla, ant(6)-la, vanB, vanA, aac(6')-le-aph(2'')-la, erm(A) e tet(M) - este último mais frequente. Estes resultados sugerem sérios problemas para a Saúde Pública, uma vez que esses microrganismos podem possuir a capacidade de transmitir genes de resistência antimicrobiana para outros microrganismos presentes na microbiota intestinal de humanos e animais, podendo inviabilizar o uso destas drogas para tratamentos clínicos.The aim of this study was to isolate and analyze the antimicrobial profile resistance of Enterococcus from cooled and frozen poultry carcasses commercialized at the Federal District area, detecting the antimicrobial resistance genes and identifying Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium by polymerase chain reaction. One hundred poultry carcasses were analyzed and 50 strains of Enterococcus spp. were isolated, of which 42% were E. faecalis and 2% E. faecium. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic; 90,47% of E. faecalis, 100% of E. faecium and 82,14% of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to Tetracycline; 80,95% of E. faecalis and 35,71% of Enterococcus spp. strains were resistant to Erythromycin; 39,28% of Enterococcus spp. and 23,80% of E. faecalis to Ciprofloxacin, and 28,57% of E. faecalis were resistant to Chloramphenicol. There were detected erm(B), vanC-1, aph(3')-llla, ant(6)-la, vanB, vanA, aac(6')-le-aph(2'')-la, erm(A) and tet(M) resistance genes, the last one most often verified. The results might suggest problems for public health due the high resistance, since these microorganisms have ability to transmit genes for antimicrobial resistance to others in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Thus, the use of these drugs for clinical treatment could be hindered

OS REFLEXOS DA LINDB NO DIREITO PÚBLICO

Objetivo: O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar os principais reflexos dessa Lei no Direito brasileiro, em especial no Direito Público com o advento da Lei nº 13.655/2018 e, ainda, quais são as influências na atualidade pelo texto normativo, com o princípio de controlar o ato administrativo, especialmente no exercício da competência discricionária, diante dos novos parâmetros técnicos e racionais.Metodologia: Para alcançar os objetivos na pesquisa, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, analisando dispositivos legais, doutrina e artigos científicos que versam sobre o tema.Resultados: A pesquisa concluiu que as alterações às normas da LINDB, necessárias na utilização do método de ponderação paralelamente ao método tradicional da subsunção, confere maior proveito e menor dispêndio necessário para a construção do interesse público, tendo como enfoque a Administração pública, e seus desdobramentos na efetivação da\ concretização dos direitos fundamentais e sociais, e as propostas no uso dos precedentes administrativos e judiciais no estabelecimento da racionalização e controle das decisões administrativas, promovendo sentenças e normas mais justas e igualitárias no contexto nacional.Contribuições: A principal contribuição deste trabalho é auxiliar na análise geral sobre a Lei de Introdução às Normas de Direito Brasileiro (LINDB), que regula as normas jurídicas e tem por escopo precípuo viabilizar a compreensão de leis e encontrar soluções para conflitos que são colocados sob o crivo do Judiciário

O conhecimento de crianças de escola pública sobre alimentação saudável: relato de experiência

É sabido que a alimentação é fundamental para o desenvolvimento infantil, pois uma dieta saudável proporciona energia e nutrientes essenciais para o organismo. Além disso, a adoção de hábitos alimentares ajuda no desempenho acadêmico e cognitivo. Dessa maneira, a educação alimentar e nutricional é um tema importante e necessário para crianças, sendo especialmente abordado no âmbito escolar