Estudo do impacto de ferramentas Lean na produtividade e segurança numa empresa têxtil

A presente dissertação, inserida no âmbito do 2º ano do Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial, tem como objetivo a melhoria do processo produtivo da secção tecelagem da empresa Domingos de Sousa & Filhos, SA recorrendo à aplicação de ferramentas Lean e o estudo do impacto que as implementações das referidas ferramentas possam refletir em termos de produtividade e segurança. A metodologia adotada para a realização da dissertação foi a “Investigação-Ação”. Numa fase inicial é elaborada uma revisão bibliográfica com incidência, entre outros, no Lean Manufacturing, as ferramentas lean consideradas oportunas para o decorrer do projeto e a integração entre o lean e a segurança. Foram descritos e explorados os processos, não só a tecelagem, mas também processos a imediatamente a montante que se consideram pertinentes de ser aprofundados. No sentido de identificar os pontos de melhoria foram aplicadas diferentes ferramentas, tais como: diagrama do processo, VSM ou matriz de deslocamentos. Estudaram-se ainda dados sobre o processo recorrendo a bases de dados pré-existentes na empresa. Esta análise, permitiu identificar problemas no processo e associar a estes problemas propostas de melhoria recorrendo a ferramentas lean. As ferramentas aplicadas são: 5S, Kanban, Gestão Visual e Standard Work. Posteriormente à implementação das referidas ferramentas foi distribuído um questionário, aos colaboradores diretamente envolvidos nas melhorias, acerca do impacto que a implementação destas ferramentas lean tiveram ao nível da segurança. A adoção das novas práticas refletiu-se em ganhos operacionais para a empresa, tais como a redução de 47% do tempo da paragem do tear para mudança de um rolo, a diminuição em 33% das paragens dos teares por faltas de teia, a redução de 93% no tempo de identificação da peça de controlo e a eliminação das movimentações diárias, na ordem dos 400 metros, percorridas pelo chefe da tecelagem. Relativamente à análise de dados do questionário acerca dos impactos na segurança decorrentes da aplicação das ferramentas lean, 73% dos colaboradores consideram terem existido melhorias ao nível do ambiente de trabalho, 27 % reconhecem melhorias ao nível dos fatores organizacionais e apenas 9% consideram que as características da força de trabalho melhoraram.The present dissertation, within the scope of the 2nd year of the Master in Engineering and Industrial Management, aims to improve the production process of the weaving section of the company Domingos de Sousa & Filhos, SA using the application of Lean tools and the study of the impact that the implementations of these tools can reflect in terms of productivity and security. The methodology adopted to carry out the dissertation was the “Investigation-Action”. In an initial phase, a bibliographic review is elaborated, with an emphasis, among others, on Lean Manufacturing, the lean tools considered opportune for the course of the project and the integration between lean and security. The processes were described and explored, not only the weaving process, but also the processes upstream that are considered pertinent to be deepened. In order to identify the points of improvement, different tools were applied, such as: process diagram, VSM or displacement matrix. Data on the process were also studied using pre-existing databases in the company. This analysis made it possible to identify problems in the process and to associate these problems with improvement proposals using lean tools. The applied tools are: 5S, Kanban, Visual Management and Standard Work. Subsequent to the implementation of the aforementioned tools, a questionnaire was distributed to the employees directly involved in the improvements, regarding the impact that the implementation of these lean tools had on the security level. The adoption of the new practices was reflected in operational gains for the company, such as the 47% reduction in the time the loom stopped for changing a roll, the 33% decrease in loom stops due to lack of web, the reduction 93% in the identification time of the control piece and the elimination of daily movements, in the order of 400 meters, covered by the weaving chief. Regarding the analysis of data from the questionnaire about the impacts on safety resulting from the application of lean tools, 73% of employees consider that there have been improvements in the work environment, 27% recognize improvements in terms of organizational factors and only 9% consider that characteristics of the workforce have improved

Família de DSLs para integrated modular avionics

Na atualidade existe a necessidade de produzir novos aviões de forma rápida, eficiente e económica com o objetivo de abrir novas rotas de voo, expansão das já existentes e substituição de aviões em fim de vida útil. Neste contexto, e sem nunca deixar de cumprir os apertados requisitos do domínio que incluem a exigência de elevada qualidade, a indústria adotou a arquitetura IMA que permite executar várias aplicações aviónicas num único sistema de computação partilhado. Com esta arquitetura, o desenvolvimento do software para as aeronaves ganhou uma elevada relevância, sendo necessário gerar código automaticamente, reutilizar código já testado proveniente de outras aplicações anteriormente desenvolvidas e garantir o mais cedo possível que o software desenvolvido se encontra de acordo com os standards. Apesar da complexidade do domínio, desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta que permite produzir a estrutura do código de novas aplicações para a aviónica. Aferramenta lida com a variabilidade das diversas linhas de produto e reduz o tempo de desenvolvimento. Uma DSL poderia ser uma solução apropriada, pois permite cobrir diversos requisitos exigidos, no entanto, esta solução não é exequível porque seria necessário produzir uma linguagem para cada configuração de software aviónico diferente se pretendêssemos tirar partido da especificidade. Com esta dissertação, solucionou-se esta dificuldade com recurso à noção de família de DSLs. Trata-se de um conjunto de linguagens para um domínio específico, que apresentam um conjunto comum de conceitos chave, mas que adaptam alguns desses conceitos para cumprir a variabilidade dos requisitos. Utilizou-se a abordagem MDD para desenvolver um gerador automático de DSLs que é capaz de produzir a linguagem desejada de acordo com a configuração de software pretendida para a partição pertencente a um módulo aviónico. As linguagens geradas apresentam um nível de usabilidade adequada para o domínio, bem como têm a capacidade de validar as construções efetuadas usando a DSL e produzir os artefactos pretendidos

protocol for a scoping review

Background: Patient safety is a fundamental principle of health care but is one of the biggest challenges currently faced and a serious public health problem, since the occurrence of adverse events is probably one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vulnerability of the paediatric population, combined with the potentially dangerous context of intensive care, makes Paediatric Intensive Care Units services of particular complexity in matters of safety, where there is a greater likelihood of incidents with serious consequences. It is agreed that research on the topic of PS should start with the measuring of different types of harm that exist in the contexts, to identify high-risk areas and define priorities. For this, it is necessary to resort to a multiplicity of valid, reliable and specific measurement instruments and to learn their advantages and limitations. The objective of this review will be to identify and map in scientific literature the instruments for measuring incidents related to patient safety applicable in the context of paediatric intensive care. Methods: This review will cover studies and documents that refer to all measurement instruments used in the field of patient safety in a context of paediatric intensive care. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed nature published studies, as well as grey literature, produced in the last 5 years and relevant to the topic will be included, in Portuguese, English or Spanish languages. The sources of information include several databases (such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, JBI Databases) and sources relevant to grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. The extracted data, after being organised in the extraction table, will be mapped in a descriptive and logical way, taking into account the defined review questions. Discussion: The mapping of the tools in these protocols will allow to summarise the most widely used instruments, to know their specificities and to guide researchers to use the most appropriate measurement tools for their context, specifically, in paediatric intensive care. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework (osf.io/b5m7j).publishersversionpublishe

Mathematical modelling using predictive biomarkers for the outcome of canine Leishmaniasis upon chemotherapy

Prediction parameters of possible outcomes of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) therapy might help with therapeutic decisions and animal health care. Here, we aimed to develop a diagnostic method with predictive value by analyzing two groups of dogs with CanL, those that exhibited a decrease in parasite load upon antiparasitic treatment (group: responders) and those that maintained high parasite load despite the treatment (group: non-responders). The parameters analyzed were parasitic load determined by q-PCR, hemogram, serum biochemistry and immune system-related gene expression signature. A mathematical model was applied to the analysis of these parameters to predict how efficient their response to therapy would be. Responder dogs restored hematological and biochemical parameters to the reference values and exhibited a Th1 cell activation profile with a linear tendency to reach mild clinical alteration stages. Differently, non-responders developed a mixed Th1/Th2 response and exhibited markers of liver and kidney injury. Erythrocyte counts and serum phosphorus were identified as predictive markers of therapeutic response at an early period of assessment of CanL. The results presented in this study are highly encouraging and may represent a new paradigm for future assistance to clinicians to interfere precociously in the therapeutic approach, with a more precise definition in the patient’s prognosis.This work was funded by the Brazilian agencies Bahia Research Foundation—FAPESB (Grant nº PRONEM 498/2011-PNE 0002/2011 to S.M.B-M), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development —CNPq (PQ scholarship nº 307813/2018-5 to SMBM, and nº 303621/2015-0 to HG) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior —CAPES (PDSE scholarship nº 88881.189587/2018-01 to R.S.G; Finance Code 001 and PV scholarship nº 23066.033859/2018-73 to R.S.). This work was supported by grants from CESPU (TramTap-CESPU-2016, Chronic-TramTap_CESPU_2017 and TraTapMDMA-CESPU-2018), from the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013), funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (contract IF/00021/2014 to R.S.), Infect-Era (project INLEISH to R.S.) and Proyecto SNIP N◦ 292900 “Creación del Servicio de Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias de Animales Domésticos de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas.Instituto de Investigación en Ganadería y Biotecnología-IGBI. Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas

Gut status in Parkinson’s disease: the GutSPark protocol

Communication abstract: Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of CiiEM - Reducing inequalities in Health and Society, held at Egas Moniz’ University Campus in Monte de Caparica, Almada, from June 16th to 18th, 2021.This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.The neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the accumulation of alpha–synuclein (AS) aggregates. The identification of AS aggregates in gut biopsy specimens from people with PD may provide an opportunity to identify PD at a very early stage, prior to symptom onset. Changes in gut microbiota and inflammatory conditions (such as periodontitis) may be linked with PD onset/evolution. This project aims to explore the concept of microbiota–gut–brain axis in PD, studying gut biopsy specimens for AS aggregates, oral and intestinal microbiota, associated digestive disorders and oral health, of both patients with PD and controls.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Natural Products from Ethnodirected Studies: Revisiting the Ethnobiology of the Zombie Poison

Wade Davis's study of Haitian “zombification” in the 1980s was a landmark in ethnobiological research. His research was an attempt to trace the origins of reports of “undead” Haitians, focusing on the preparation of the zombification poison. Starting with this influential ethnopharmacological research, this study examines advances in the pharmacology of natural products, focusing especially on those of animal-derived products. Ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, and chemical aspects are considered. We also update information on the animal species that reportedly constitute the zombie poison. Several components of the zombie powder are not unique to Haiti and are used as remedies in traditional medicine worldwide. This paper emphasizes the medicinal potential of products from zootherapy. These biological products are promising sources for the development of new drugs

EFICIÃ?NCIA DO MÃ?TODO DE ESPECTROMETRIA DE MASSAS EM DROGAS DE ABUSO

Resumo: com objetivo demonstrar o papel da Espectrometria de Massas como ferramenta à identificação de várias drogas e destacar seus principais efeitos no organismo humano, realizamos uma revisão, por meio de bases de dados online, periódicos científicos e livros, analisando publicações dos últimos 10 anos. Foi alvo deste estudo drogas como cocaína, ecstasy, LSD, maconha e crack. A Espectrometria de Massas é uma técnica fundamental para os testes preliminares de triagem de drogas e essencial para a caracterização destas moléculas. Palavras-chave: Espectrometria de massa. Drogas de abuso. Química Forense

Incidência do câncer de pênis no Brasil

Penile Cancer (PC) is a genital tumor, it has a high incidence in underdeveloped countries, about 26,000 new cases each year. In Brazil, PC represents 2% of the types of cancer that affect males, with a higher incidence in the north and northeast, which can reach up to 10%. The appearance of PC is multifactorial and may be related to inadequate hygiene, phimosis in adults, smoking, many sexual partners and HPV. In general, PC is painless, but it can present pain, bleeding and bad smell. The characteristic symptoms are vegetating lesions and ulcers or intraurethral lesions and patients are often unaware of their presence. This article presents an integrative literature review based on relevant information to demonstrate the incidence of PC in Brazil and its main characteristics, such as: risk factors, symptoms, prevention and treatment. In view of the data presented by the articles, it is observed that the north and northeast regions are really the places in the country with the highest incidence. It is also analyzed that PC more often affects men aged close to 60, but young people can also be affected by the disease. The presence of phimosis makes it difficult to clean the organ that generates secretions that are irritating to the skin, so CP is quite present in men with this condition.El Cáncer de Pene (CP) es un tumor genital, tiene una alta incidencia en los países subdesarrollados, unos 26.000 casos nuevos cada año. En Brasil, el CP representa el 2% de los tipos de cáncer que afectan al sexo masculino, con mayor incidencia en el norte y noreste, que puede alcanzar hasta el 10%. La aparición de CP es multifactorial y puede estar relacionada con higiene inadecuada, fimosis en adultos, tabaquismo, muchas parejas sexuales y VPH. En general, la CP es indolora, pero puede presentar dolor, sangrado y mal olor. Los síntomas característicos son lesiones vegetantes y úlceras o lesiones intrauretrales y los pacientes muchas veces no son conscientes de su presencia. Este artículo presenta una revisión integrativa de la literatura basada en información relevante para demostrar la incidencia de CP en Brasil y sus principales características, tales como: factores de riesgo, síntomas, prevención y tratamiento. A la vista de los datos presentados por los artículos, se observa que las regiones norte y noreste son realmente los lugares del país con mayor incidencia. También se analiza que la CP afecta con mayor frecuencia a hombres con edades cercanas a los 60 años, pero los jóvenes también pueden verse afectados por la enfermedad. La presencia de fimosis dificulta la limpieza del órgano que genera las secreciones que son irritantes para la piel, por eso que lo CP está bastante presente en los hombres con esta condición.O Câncer de Pênis (CP) é um tumor genital, tem alta incidência em países subdesenvolvidos, cerca de 26.000 casos novos a cada ano.  No Brasil, o CP representa 2% dos tipos de canceres que afeta o sexo masculino, com maior incidência na região norte e nordeste, que pode chegar até 10%. O surgimento do CP é multifatorial e pode estar relacionado à higiene inadequada, fimose em adultos, tabagismo, muitos parceiros sexuais e HPV. Em geral o CP é indolor, mas pode apresentar dor, sangramento e mal cheiro. Os sintomas característicos são lesões vegetantes e úlceras ou lesões intrauretrais e muitas vezes os pacientes desconhecem sua presença. O presente artigo traz uma revisão integrativa de literatura baseada em informações relevantes para demonstrar a incidência do CP no Brasil e suas principais características, como: fatores de risco, sintomas, prevenção e tratamento. Diante dos dados apresentados pelos artigos é observado que as regiões norte e nordeste realmente são os locais do país com maior incidência. Também é analisado que o CP atinge com mais frequência homens com idade próxima a 60, porém jovens também podem ser acometidos pela doença. A presença da fimose dificulta a limpeza do órgão que gera secreções irritantes à pele, por isso o CP está bastante presente em homens com essa condição

Epidemiologia sobre as internações e óbitos por neoplasia maligna da mama em mulheres no Brasil no período de 2010 a 2020

The objective is to epidemiologically analyze the number of hospitalizations and absolute deaths due to breast neoplasms in Brazil in women from 2010 to 2020. Descriptive and retrospective study on the number of hospitalizations and absolute deaths due to breast neoplasms in Brazil in women in the years 2010 to 2020. The data were obtained by the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS). The variables analyzed were absolute deaths, hospitalizations, race, age group and region. From 2010-2020, 170,010 absolute deaths and 633,204 hospitalizations due to malignant breast neoplasia were recorded in Brazil. The Southeast region had the highest number of hospitalizations, representing 51.32%. As for absolute deaths, the region that listed the most was the Southeast, corresponding to 50.72%. As for race, white was the one with the most absolute deaths and hospitalizations, representing 59.23% and 45.46% of cases, respectively. In relation to the age group, the one with the highest number of hospitalizations was those aged 50 to 59, with 27.87%. In the period analyzed, 170,010 absolute deaths and 633,204 hospitalizations due to malignant breast neoplasia were recorded in women in Brazil. The Southeast region represented more than half of both variables. The white and brown race accounted for the vast majority of absolute deaths and hospitalizations, with the majority being white. As for the age group, the one with the highest number of hospitalizations was those between 50 and 59 years old, however, the one with the highest number of absolute deaths was those over 70 years old. The age group of those under 40 years old recorded the fewest absolute deaths and hospitalizations.  Objetiva-se analisar epidemiologicamente o número de internações e óbitos absolutos por neoplasia de mama no Brasil em mulheres no período de 2010 a 2020. Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo sobre o número de internações e óbitos absolutos por neoplasias de mama no Brasil em mulheres nos anos de 2010 a 2020. Os dados foram obtidos pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS). As variáveis analisadas foram óbitos absolutos, internações, raça, faixa etária e região. De 2010-2020, foram registrados 170.010 óbitos absolutos e 633.204 internações devido a neoplasia maligna de mama no Brasil. A região Sudeste teve o maior número de internações, representando 51,32%. Quanto aos óbitos absolutos, a região que mais listou foi a Sudeste, correspondendo a 50,72%. Quanto à raça, a branca foi a que mais apresentou óbitos absolutos e internações, representando 59,23% e 45,46% dos casos, respectivamente. Em relação à faixa etária, a que listou maior número de internações foi a de 50 a 59 anos, com 27,87%. No período analisado, foram registrados 170.010 óbitos absolutos e 633.204 internações por neoplasia maligna de mama em mulheres no Brasil. A região Sudeste representou mais da metade de ambas as variáveis. A raça branca e parda corresponderam a grande maioria dos óbitos absolutos e internações, sendo a branca a maioria deles. Quanto à faixa etária, a que demonstrou maior número de internações foi a de 50 a 59 anos, porém, a com maior número de óbitos absolutos foi a de maiores de 70 anos. A faixa etária dos menores de 40 anos foi a que menos registrou óbitos absolutos e internações. &nbsp

Asthma in an Urban Population in Portugal: A prevalence study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence and incidence of asthma are believed to be increasing but research on the true incidence, prevalence and mortality from asthma has met methodological obstacles since it has been difficult to define and diagnose asthma in epidemiological terms. New and widely accepted diagnostic criteria for asthma present opportunities for progress in this field. Studies conducted in Portugal have estimated the disease prevalence between 3% and 15%. Available epidemiological data present a significant variability due to methodological obstacles.</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>To estimate the true prevalence of asthma by gender and age groups in the population of the area covered by one urban Health Centre in Portugal.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>An observational study was conducted between February and July 2009 at the Horizonte Family Health Unit in Matosinhos, Portugal. A random sample of 590 patients, stratified by age and gender was obtained from the practice database of registered patients. Data was collected using a patient questionnaire based on respiratory symptoms and the physician's best knowledge of the patient's asthma status. The prevalence of asthma was calculated by age and gender.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Data were obtained from 576 patients (97.6% response rate). The mean age for patients with asthma was 27.0 years (95% CI: 20.95 to 33.16). This was lower than the mean age for non-asthmatics but the difference was not statistically significant. Asthma was diagnosed in 59 persons giving a prevalence of 10.24% (95% CI: 8.16 to 12.32). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of asthma by gender.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of asthma found in the present study was higher than that found in some studies, though lower than that found in other studies. Further studies in other regions of Portugal are required to confirm these findings.</p