Acesso e exercício do primeiro emprego dos diplomados do ISPV

Mais que uma questão económica, a dificuldade no acesso ao primeiro emprego regular, por parte dos diplomados do ensino superior, apresenta-se como uma questão eminentemente social, transformando-se num dos fenómenos estruturantes das sociedades ocidentais modernas e numa preocupação de entidades estatais, de onde se salientam as próprias instituições de ensino superior. Face ao progressivo aumento da oferta deste nível de ensino, novos desafios são colocados à população diplomada. As dificuldades na transição para o trabalho ganhou, nos últimos anos, dimensões preocupantes, quando se pensa nas consequências sociais que implica, tendo presente a crescente procura de educação e a hierarquização e regulação da oferta de emprego, que continuam a denotar, de uma forma cada vez mais evidente, dificuldades de absorção de uma mão-de-obra progressivamente mais qualificada. Consequentemente, o que aqui está em causa não é somente o acesso ao emprego, mas igualmente a passagem à vida adulta, reflexo do prolongamento da juventude e das trajectórias escolares. Apresentamos aqui o resultado da análise da transição para o trabalho por parte dos diplomados 2005/06 do ISPV, mais especificamente o acesso e exercício do primeiro emprego regular

Ensino Superior e diplomas: contornos regionais de acesso e preparação para o trabalho

A crescente falta de linearidade entre o sistema de formação a nível superior e as características e necessidades evidenciadas pelo mercado de trabalho têm vindo a aprofundar-se em Portugal, revelando novos desfasamentos, à medida que se assiste ao multiplicar de novas “ofertas” formativas a nível superior e se verifica uma crescente instabilidade ao nível da oferta de emprego, transformando o processo de transição para o trabalho, por parte dos diplomados do Ensino Superior, num processo cada vez mais complexo e instável. Este movimento leva a que o acesso a este nível de ensino e a preparação para o trabalho, ainda durante o período de formação, representem posturas de inequívoca pertinência e reveladoras do grau de consciência individual por parte dos jovens face aos desafios da concorrência laboral bem como a sua ligação com a área científica frequentada. Pretende-se primeiramente analisar as particularidades e motivações de acesso por parte dos finalistas 2005/06 do Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, tendo presente o contexto social, geográfico e institucional, e em seguida verificar que tipo de representações e posturas os finalistas exteriorizam face ao acesso, formação, diploma e futuro laboral

Emprego e Trajetórias Profissionais: o caso dos diplomados do Instituto Superior Politécnico de Viseu

Mais que uma questão económica, a dificuldade no acesso ao primeiro emprego regular, por parte dos diplomados do ensino superior, apresenta-se como uma questão eminentemente social, transformando-se num dos fenómenos estruturantes das sociedades ocidentais modernas e numa preocupação de entidades estatais, de onde se salientam as próprias instituições de ensino superior. As dificuldades na transição para o trabalho ganhou, nos últimos anos, dimensões preocupantes, quando se pensa nas consequências sociais que implica, tendo presente, a crescente procura de educação e a hierarquização e regulação da oferta de emprego, que continuam a denotar, de uma forma cada vez mais evidente, dificuldades de absorção de uma mão-de-obra progressivamente mais qualificada. Consequentemente, o que aqui está em causa não é somente o acesso ao emprego, mas igualmente a passagem à vida adulta, reflexo do prolongamento da juventude e das trajectórias escolares. Apresentamos aqui o resultado da análise da transição para o trabalho por parte dos diplomados 2005/06 do ISPV, mais especificamente o acesso e exercício do primeiro emprego regular

The strategic relevance of business relationships: a preliminary assessment

The ubiquitous contention within the Industrial Networks literature - that business relationships are one of the firm´s most important resources - has not been, in our viewpoint, thoroughly explored. Hence we argue that the ‘Resource-based View of the Firm’ (‘RBV’) may complement the network-based reasoning on the strategic relevance of business relationships. A theoretical framework is proposed – a competence-based view of the firm – which solves RBV´s terminological and inconsistency problems and, more importantly, assures compatibility with the network perspective´s assumptions. The possibility of cross-fertilizing the Industrial Networks and RBV theories seems not only real, but also conceptually profitable for both theoretical fields.Business Relationships, Industrial Networks, Resource-Based View of the Firm, Competence-Based View of the Firm

Transparency International in search of a constituency: the franchising of the global anticorruption movement

The post-Cold War political map displays three major developments, which deserve close attention: the global expansion of democracy; the growth and changing nature of nongovernmental organisations (NGOs); and the evolution of corruption and anticorruption from a non-issue into a global concern at all levels of decision-making. Linking all three developments is the birth of a new anticorruption actor in May 1993: Transparency International (TI), a nongovernmental organisation (NGO) based in Berlin whose mission was recently redefined as ‘to work to create change towards a world free of corruption’. Although the global anticorruption movement is wider than TI, this NGO has gained the reputation of the most prominent civil society “corruption fighter” at the global level. Despite frequent references to its local constituencies and bottom-up approach to internal governance, TI is not a typical grass-root NGO. It was founded by a group of high profile people, “grey suits”, from international organisations. In less than a decade, TI has moved from being a tiny “briefcase” NGO to become a franchised and complex organisation: it comprises approximately 90 National Chapters of a variable size and nature. TI had to look downwards in search of national constituencies where most of the anticorruption instruments it battled for at the international level need to be ratified, implemented and evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to assess the process of franchising of Transparency International, the implications it had upon its internal governance and the variations that can be found across its constituent parts, the National Chapters

The regulation of conflicts of interest in parliament: The case of the Portuguese Assembleia da República

In recent years, the problematic relationship between conflicts of interest and corruption has been a sensitive one to democracy. Although conflicts of interest have not always resulted in corruption, they do constitute an important opportunity structure for such illicit behaviour. The Portuguese attempt at regulating conflicts of interest in parliament has been paradigmatic: eight legislative interventions to the first Statute of MPs in less than two decades and parliament was still unable to create an appropriate ethical framework to prevent financial impropriety deriving from the accumulation of the representative mandate with other outside jobs and activities. The incremental nature of adjustments, the peculiar “tailor made” nature of legislation and the importation of regulatory models “in place” abroad, raise important aspects in regard both to the scope and efficacy of the instruments adopted as well as the legislators’ intentions and willingness to move on with the necessary reforms. This paper attempts to assess the regulatory performance and reform efforts of the Portuguese Assembleia da República in addressing MPs’ conflicts of interest through the analysis of the control framework adopted, namely, rules of disclosure and legal constraints to accumulation

Microstructured transparent conductive metallic electrodes fabricated by colloidal lithography

This thesis focuses on the development and optimization of a technique known as self-assembly colloidal lithography (CL) to fabricate transparent conductive electrodes. These contacts are of utmost importance for high performance optoelectronic devices, such as thin film solar cells. As of this moment, indium tin oxide (ITO) is the preferred transparent conductive oxide (TCO), but to improve the cell efficiency new materials with lower sheet resistance and better optical properties should be used. Besides, ITO is relatively expensive, so alternative Earth-abundant materials are highly desired to improve the devices’ cost-effectiveness. Conductive metallic micro-meshes within two thin TCO layers were investigated to improve the sheet resistance while maintaining an anti-reflection coating (ARC) type layer. The meshes were fabricated by CL after studying the influence of the main process parameters: polystyrene sphere sizes, etching times, aluminum and silver for the mesh and indium zinc oxide (IZO) and aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) for the TCO layer were studied. The resulting contacts were analyzed through UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry, hall-effect, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that 1.6 μm precursor spheres etched for 150s were the most reliable to produce closely-packed structures and to obtain low sheet resistance, while 5 μm spheres etched for 120s showed the best optical performance over the UV-VIS-NIR range. The contacts which showed the best optical and electrical results were produced with silver and IZO: when produced with 1.6 μm spheres the contacts presented sheet resistances as low as 10.6 Ω/sq and transmittances up to 75 %, and when produced with 5 μm spheres obtained transmittance up to 85 % with sheet resistance of 121 Ω/sq. The results reveal that our innovative large-area micro-meshed metallic electrodes fabricated by CL can attain performances close to those off state-of-art ITO (10 Ω/sq for 80 % transmittance and 100 Ω/sq for 90 % transmittance), but with superior transmittance mainly in the near-infrared range. This can be highly interesting, for instance, for the intermediate electrodes in multi-terminal multi-junction solar cell architectures

Understanding capital structures for companies in the renewable energy market

In order to understand renewable energy companies’ financing decisions, we analyzed 33 E.U. and 17 U.S. renewable energy producers from 2007 to 2014 and later analyzed EDP Renováveis and some of its peers in order to identify any patterns concerning their financing decisions. Our results were inconclusive but possibly suggest that pecking order theory partially explains capital structure decisions. Moreover, we believe business risk is an important determinant of financial structures. It seems that leverage is influenced by the way firms sell energy to the market and the way governments support their activity. The longer is the regulatory guidance provided by governments, the greater is the certainty concerning future expected cash flows which will consequently translate into higher levels of leverage.Com a intenção de perceber de que forma as empresas produtoras de energias renováveis se financiam, analisámos 33 empresas da União Europeia e 17 empresas dos Estados Unidos. De seguida, analisámos a EDP Renováveis individualmente assim como três concorrentes da empresa para identificar algum padrão nas suas decisões de financiamento. Embora inconclusivos, os nossos resultados indicam que a teoria de pecking order explica parcialmente as suas estruturas de capital. Adicionalmente, a nossa pesquisa leva-nos a acreditar que o risco de negócio é um determinante importante das estruturas financeiras destas empresas. Existem indícios de que a alavancagem financeira está relacionada com a forma como as empresas vendem a energia no mercado e com a forma como os governos apoiam a sua actividade. Parece que maior é a orientação prospectiva da política regulatória fornecida pelos governos ao mercado, maior é a certeza quanto a futuros fluxos de caixa e consequentemente, maiores serão os níveis de alavancagem das empresas do sector

Understanding corruption through the analysis of court case content: research note

Purpose The two main objectives of this project were to advance knowledge about the way corruption and related offences are structured and operate in society and to draw inferences on the efficiency and efficacy of the judicial authorities in handling reported offences with the ultimate goal of improving and effecting control policies. Design/methodology/approach In this research note the authors attempt to explore the relevance of judicial materials. The authors developed an analytical framework to extract information from court case decisions and analysed 838 court cases on corruption and related offences in Portuguese first instance courts for the period 2004–2008 to map the distribution of corruption and related offences, understand the anatomy of corruption as a criminal offence and learn from the judicial system's capacity to investigate, prosecute and trial reported occurrences. Findings Most corruption cases took place in the major metropolitan areas, involved municipalities as passive agents and construction companies as active agents and had to do with urban sprawl and land management policies. Court data also allowed the authors to gauge the areas or sectors of activity more exposed to corruption risks. Generally speaking, these tend to be those areas or sectors characterized by high levels of informality and clientelism, high profitability ratios deriving from political decisions, unbalanced supply-demand of decisional goods and services, disorganised and fragmented regulation, low levels of transparency and insufficient or misguided supervision. Research limitations/implications The framework for analysis is replicable in other contexts with minor adjustments. The major limitation is access to court decisions/narratives. This project was developed in partnership with the Portuguese Public Prosecutor's Office. This has facilitated access to those materials. For those wishing to use the database, the major limitation is that it covers only the period 2004–2008. Practical implications The court narratives confirm that in cases where the complaint is complemented by documentary, audio, video and photographic evidences collected by special investigative means the subsequent production of proof in court is more effective. The data also suggests that cases reported from inside the organisation where the offence takes place are likelier to reach the trial phase, thus reinforcing the need for diversifying and strengthening reporting mechanisms and procedures and the guarantees to those who are willing to collaborate with the auditing and investigative authorities. Social implications The authors contend that court cases of corruption and related offences yield important and useful policy-oriented information that should not be overlooked by decision-makers when upgrading their efforts to fight corruption. Originality/value This research note introduces a novel dataset on corruption court cases in Portugal. The policy significance of this dataset is threefold: (1) it provides decision-makers a more detailed mapping of the volume and distribution of corruption and related offences across the country than that provided by standard judicial statistics; (2) it fosters knowledge on key sociological aspects of the corrupt fact, thus helping decision-makers to understand better the type of actors, objectives, contexts, resources and exchanges involved and (3) it helps to understand the dynamics of judicial proceedings and how certain procedural and institutional features impact on outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio