Percepción del adulto mayor en atención a enfermedades crónicas recibida en Centro de Salud “Pedro Altamirano”, enfocado en el Modelo de Salud Familiar Comunitario, Managua, III Trimestre 2015

“El envejecimiento es un proceso ineludible y gradual que se manifiesta, principalmente, en cambios morfológicos y fisiológicos como consecuencia de la acción del tiempo sobre los organismos vivos”. León, Zunzunegui, Muñoz & Soria (1991, p. 105) En Nicaragua “El Gobierno creó una Ley de protección y beneficios del adulto mayor”, (Gaceta, 2010), que tiene por objeto establecer el régimen jurídico e institucional de protección y garantías para las personas adultas mayores, grupo poblacional que cada vez viene creciendo más y con menos oportunidades laborales, lo que les dificulta llegar a tener condiciones adecuadas para sobrevivir, de seguir esta situación afectará la salud de estos pacientes. Aún con sus limitaciones el Centro de Salud “Pedro Altamirano” está haciendo esfuerzos para lograr satisfacer estas necesidades, implementando acciones para elevar la calidad y calidez en la atención

Percepción del adulto mayor sobre la atención a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles recibidas en el centro de Salud "Pedro Altamirano", Managua, III Trimestre 2015

La calidad de los servicios de salud en el adulto mayor es concebida como la atención oportuna, personalizada, humanizada, continua y eficiente, otorgada de forma holística e integral; con el propósito de lograr la satisfacción de los usuarios. La investigación se propuso evaluar la percepción del usuario Adulto Mayor sobre la calidad de la atención de salud proporcionada durante su asistencia a recibir atención a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en el Centro de Salud Pedro Altamirano, enfocado en el Modelo de Salud Familiar Comunitario, Managua, III Trimestre 2015. Se realizó estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, de corte transversal, con 68 adultos mayores, se aplicó cuestionario estructurado por medio de entrevista para la información sociodemográfica, percepción de la atención recibida, la percepción con respecto al club de crónicos. Los datos se procesaron en programa estadístico SPSS, analizando los resultados mediante estadística descriptiva, distribuciones de frecuencias y porcentaje, presentadas en tablas y gráficos. Los principales resultados fueron: el 85.3% son de procedencia urbana, con edades entre 60 a 85 años, predominando el sexo femenino, con 14.7% de analfabetismo y 7.4% universitarios, solo el 2.9% reciben remuneración por el trabajo realizado. El 100% recibió buen trato y el 50% son usuarios del club, el 67.6% les gusta todo lo que se hace en el club. Las principales recomendaciones del estudio fueron: Sensibilizar a los trabajadores de la salud la necesidad de atender con responsabilidad, eficiencia, eficacia y ética a los adultos mayor, sensibilizar a la población en general sobre los problemas del envejecimiento y sus necesidades de atención por parte de la familia y la comunidad

Expression of MICA, MICB and NKG2D in human leukemic myelomonocytic and cervical cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cancer cells are known to secrete the stress molecules MICA and MICB that activate cytotoxicity by lymphocytes and NK cells through their NKG2D receptor as a mechanism of immunological defense. This work was undertaken to evaluate if cancer cells can also express this receptor as a possible mechanisms of depletion of MIC molecules and thus interfere with their immune recognition.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Myelomonocytic leukemic (TPH-1 and U-937) and cervical cancer (CALO and INBL) cell lines were evaluated by Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry to evaluate their capacity to express and secrete MICA and MICB and to be induced to proliferate by these molecules as well as to express their receptor NKG2D. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA for time course analysis and Student's t-test for comparison between groups. Values were considered significantly different if p < 0.05.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>THP-1 and U-937 produce and secrete the stress MICA and MICB as shown by Western Blot of lysed cells and by ELISA of their conditioned media. By Western Blot and flow cytometry we found that these cells also express the receptor NKG2D. When THP-1 and U-937 were cultured with recombinant MICA and MICB they exhibited a dose dependent induction for their proliferation. CALO and INBL also produce MICA and MICB and were induced to proliferate by these stress molecules. By Western Blot, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry we also found that these cells express NKG2D.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our novel results that tumor cells can simultaneously secrete MIC molecules and express their receptor, and to be induced for proliferation by these stress molecules, and that tumor epithelial cells can also express the NKG2D receptor that was thought to be exclusive of NK and cytotoxic lymphocytes is discussed as a possible mechanism of immunological escape and of tumor growth induction.</p

Situación actual del cultivo del aguacate (persea americana mill.) en el Estado de México, México

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la situación actual de la producción y comercialización del cultivo del aguacate en el sur del Estado de México en 2011. El tamaño de muestra se determinó considerando el universo total de inscritos en la base de datos de la SEDAGRO conformada por 2,814 productores. Con base en la metodología de poblaciones finitas, el tamaño de muestra fue 338, a los cuales se les aplicó un cuestionario. La información cuantitativa de la encuesta se capturó en una base de datos y se procesó mediante Microsoft Office Excel 2007©, para obtener medidas de tendencia central. En el Estado de México 85% de la población de estudio son pequeños productores y tan solo 15% cuenta con extensiones superiores a 10 ha. La producción se basa en una explotación univarietal con predominio del 90% de la variedad Hass. El incremento en plantaciones de aguacate se ha realizado en 77% con planta proveniente del estado de Michoacán. La producción se destina para el consumo nacional, se comercializa principalmente en las centrales de abasto de Toluca, Estado de México, Distrito Federal y en mercados regionales

Limestone calcined clay binders based on a Belite-rich cement

Portland-based Limestone Calcined Clay Cements, LC3, are receiving considerable attention because the CO2 footprint can be reduced up to 40 %. Here, we report a related family: Belite-rich-LC3. These blends are expected to have very good durability performances. Selected properties for two members are reported including calorimetric data and mechanical strength developments. The phase evolutions are studied by Rietveld analysis backed by the thermal behaviour. Their microstructures are studied by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The hydration rates of these blends have been boosted by C-S-H seeding which led to an increase of mechanical strengths. At 28 days, seeded mortars with cement replacement degrees of 30 and 45 wt% displayed 74 and 61 MPa of compressive strengths, respectively. Moreover, overall porosities and pore entry threshold values decreased in the admixture-containing binders.Financial support from PID2020-114650RB-I00 research grant from the Spanish Government, which is co funded by FEDER, is gratefully acknowledged. The contribution of Mr. Iván González-Fernández to some parts of the experimental section is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA

Processing and hydration activation of limestone calcined clay belite rich cements.

Belite-rich limestone calcined clay cements, BR-LC3, could be an alternative for low carbon binders with potentially very good durability properties, given the high amount of C-S-H gel from the cement hydration with additional C-(A)-S-H from the pozzolanic reaction. Nevertheless, BR-LC3 phase hydration rates at early ages are slow and they must be enhanced, for instance by using C-S-H nucleation seeding admixtures. In this work, a BR-LC3 binder was prepared using a clinker-activated Belite-rich cement, BC (58 wt%), kaolinitic calcined clay (26 wt%), limestone (13 wt%) and gypsum (3 wt%). Pastes were prepared with a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.40 and superplasticizer. Mortars were prepared with the w/b=0.40 and having a target slump self-flow of 210±20 mm. Paste hydration characterization was carried out by thermal analysis, Rietveld quantitative phase analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The compressive strengths of the mortars were also determined. Remarkable compressive strength improvements at 7 and 28 days are shown by using a C-S-H seeding admixture. The improvement of mechanical strengths is not related to belite phase hydration acceleration but mainly to lower porosity.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Reformulating Pro-Oxidant Microglia in Neurodegeneration

In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are central events. Recent genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of microglial cells under different disease conditions have uncovered a new subpopulation named disease-associated microglia (DAM). These studies have challenged the classical view of the microglia polarization state's proinflammatory M1 (classical activation) and immunosuppressive M2 (alternative activation). Molecular signatures of DAM and proinflammatory microglia (highly pro-oxidant) have shown clear differences, yet a partial overlapping gene profile is evident between both phenotypes. The switch activation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia relies on the selective activation of key surface receptors involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis (a.k.a. pattern recognition receptors, PRRs). Two relevant PRRs are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), whose selective activation is believed to generate either a proinflammatory or a DAM phenotype, respectively. However, the recent identification of endogenous disease-related ligands, which bind to and activate both TLRs and TREM2, anticipates the existence of rather complex microglia responses. Examples of potential endogenous dual ligands include amyloid β, galectin-3, and apolipoprotein E. These pleiotropic ligands induce a microglia polarization that is more complicated than initially expected, suggesting the possibility that different microglia subtypes may coexist. This review highlights the main microglia polarization states under disease conditions and their leading role orchestrating oxidative stress

Hábitos de leitura em inglês de professores bilíngues em formação

This paper shows the results of a research carried out at a university institution in Cartagena (Colombia), to analyze the reading habits in English of students in advanced semesters of a Bachelor's Degree in Bilingualism program. In this research, we used quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques (mixed approach) to determine what the reading habits of students in this program are like in English. According to the results, most of the students (78,6 %) are occasional readers, and only 9,2 % of them are frequent readers. Furthermore, reading is associated with academic obligations rather than an intrinsic motivation towards reading in a foreign language.Este artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación realizada en una institución universitaria de Cartagena (Colombia) con el fin de analizar los hábitos de lectura en inglés de los estudiantes de semestres avanzados de un programa de Licenciatura en Bilingüismo. En dicha investigación se recurrió a técnicas de recolección de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos (enfoque mixto) para determinar cómo es el hábito lector en inglés de los estudiantes de dicho programa. Según los resultados obtenidos, la mayoría de los estudiantes (78,6 %) son lectores ocasionales y tan solo el 9,2 % son lectores frecuentes; además, la lectura suele estar asociada a obligaciones de tipo académico más que a una motivación intrínseca hacia la lectura en lengua extranjera.Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa realizada em uma instituição universitária de Cartagena (Colômbia), com o objetivo de analisar os hábitos de leitura em inglês dos alunos do semestre avançado do curso de Bacharelado em Bilinguismo. Nesta pesquisa, recorreu-se a técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas de coleta de dados (abordagem mista) para determinar como é o hábito da leitura em inglês dos alunos deste programa. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a maioria dos estudantes (78,6 %) são leitores ocasionais e apenas 9,2 % são leitores frequentes; Além disso, a leitura é geralmente associada a obrigações acadêmicas, e não a uma motivação intrínseca à leitura em uma língua estrangeira

Mix and measure - Combining in situ X-ray powder diffraction and microtomography for accurate hydrating cement studies.

It is reported an innovative methodology based on in situ MoKα1 laboratory X-ray powder diffraction (LXRPD) and microtomography (μCT) avoiding any sample conditioning. The pastes are injected in 2.0 mm capillaries and the extremes are just sealed. The measurements take place in the same region of the hydrating paste. Thick capillaries are key to avoiding self-desiccation, which dictates the need of high-energy X-ray radiation for the diffraction study. This approach has been tested with a PC 42.5 R paste having w/c = 0.50. μCT data were collected at 12 h and 1, 3, 7 and 79 days. LXRPD data were acquired at 1, 3, 7 and 77 days. In this proof-ofprinciple research, the same paste was also cured ex situ. Portlandite contents obtained by thermal analysis, ex situ powder diffraction, in situ mass balance calculation and in situ powder diffraction were 13.8, 13.1, 13.1 and 12.5 wt%, respectively. From the μCT study, the grey value histogram evolution with time showed a crossing point which allowed us to distinguish (appearing) hydrated products from (dissolving) unhydrated cement particles. Segmentations were carried out by global thresholding and the random forest approach (one type of supervised Machine Learning). The comparison of the segmented results for the unhydrated cement fraction and the Rietveld quantitative phase analysis outputs gave an agreement of 2 %. The potential of this methodology to deal with more complex binders is also presented.This research was partly supported by the research grant PID2020- 114650RB-I00 of Agencia Estatal de Investigacion which is co-funded by ERDF