Satisfacción y rotación laboral en personal de empresas mineras de Arequipa y Cusco

En la actualidad, la satisfacción laboral y la intención de rotación son considerados fenómenos organizacionales de gran importancia en la gestión empresarial debido al impacto que tienen sobre el desempeño de las empresas. A nivel internacional, existen varios estudios que buscan explicar estos fenómenos analizándolos de manera individual. Sin embargo, son pocos aquellos tratados que intentan explicar la relación existente entre ambos. Por este motivo, la presente investigación intenta demostrar la existencia de una relación causa-efecto entre ambos fenómenos organizacionales y con ello, mejorar la efectividad de los esfuerzos realizados por diversas compañías, las mismas que invierten recursos para mejorar la satisfacción de su personal sin necesariamente impactar positivamente la tasa de rotación del mismo. El presente estudio es de naturaleza descriptiva y emplea un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño correlacional en el que se obtuvo una muestra de 111 funcionarios de mando medio de las dos principales empresas de gran minería en los departamentos de Arequipa y Cusco para identificar los rangos de satisfacción laboral y su influencia en la intención de rotación. Para ello, se utilizó el cuestionario “Escala de Opiniones SL-SPC” (Palma, 2005) y el cuestionario de “Intención de Rotación Laboral” (Jacobo & Roodt, 2008). Consecuencia de este estudio, se identificó una relación causa-efecto entre ambos fenómenos. No obstante, no todos los componentes de la satisfacción laboral realmente influyeron sobre la intención de rotación. En este sentido y raíz de este estudio, ambas empresas pueden identificar qué aspectos de satisfacción laboral en su personal deben ser priorizados en aras de reducir verdaderamente la tasa de rotaciónNowadays, job satisfaction and turnover intention are considered organizational phenomena with great importance in business management due to the impact they have on companies’ performance. Internationally, there are several studies that seek to explain these phenomena, analyzing them individually. However, only few treaties attempt to explain the relationship between both concepts. In consequence, this research tries to demonstrate the existence of a cause-effect relationship between these two organizational phenomena and improve the effectiveness of different companies’ efforts, which invest resources to improve employee satisfaction without necessarily impact positively the turnover rate. This study has a descriptive nature and uses quantitative approach of correlational design which was obtained from a 111 senior executive sample of two leading companies in large-scale mining sector of Arequipa and Cusco, to identify the relationship between job satisfaction and its influence on turnover intention. This thesis used the "Scale of Views SL-SPC Questionnaire" (Palma, 2005) and the "Employment Turnover Intent Questionnaire" (Jacobo & Roodt, 2008). As a result, the relationship between both phenomena was identified, but not all job satisfaction components actually influenced the employee turnover intention. Therefore, using these study results, both companies (which provided the sample) can identify which aspects of job satisfaction in their employees must be prioritized in order to truly reduce the employee turnover rateTesi

Suelo y planta. Índices. Volumen 1

Compostaje de la fracción orgánica de un residuo sólido urbano. Evolución de su contenido en diversas fracciones de metales pesados, C. García, T. Hernández, F. Costa y M. Ayuso.-- Decomposition of chromium containing leather residues in a Sandy soil, A. Benedetti, B. Ceccanti, M. Calcinai and R. Tarsitano.-- Aluminum tolerance assessment in Bush vean cultivars by root growth analysis anto hematoxylin standing, N. Massot, Ch. Poschenrieder and J. Barceló.-- Utilización del test de la formamida en la identificacion de los filosilicatos l:l de suelos de la provincia de la Coruña R. Romero, C. García y F. Macías.-- Efecto del encalado y de la fertilización con fosforo sobre las formas de acidez de dos suelos ácidos de Galicia M. M. Urrutia, E. García-Rodeja y F. Macías.-- Sobre el clima de la provincia de Almeria (se iberico): primer ensayo de cartografia automatica de medias anuales de temperatura y precipitación, R. Lázaro y J. M. Rey.-- Vitrifica tion and ba-induced anomalies in in vitro chestnut cultures, A. Ballester, M. C. San-José and A. M. Vieitez.-- Phenmedipham inhibition of biological nitrogen fixation in pea plants, S. Treleani, E. Bedmar, J. J. Lázaro, A. Chueca and J. López Gorge.-- morphometry and surface growth dynamics of the sunflower. (helianthus annuus l.) receptacle its importance in the determination of yield, L. F. Hernández.-- Acumulación de nitratos y actividad nitrato reductasa en diferentes cultivares de vicia faba l., J. M. Caba, C. Lluch, A. Hervás y F. Ligero.-- Desarrollo vegetativo, acumulación y distribución de a-, na+ y k+ en dos patrones de limonero, M. Nieves, A. Cerdá y S. Navarro.-- Incidencia de la fertilizacion foliar de quelatos de hierro y micronutrientes en los niveles de n, p, k, ca, mg y na en hojas de "vitis vinifera" cv. Aledo, J. Navarro, J. Mataix, J. Sánchez-Andreu y M. Juárez.-- Estimacion de la movilidad potencial de la arcilla mediante electroultrafiltracion y su importancia en genesis de suelos R. J. Ballesta, y J. A. Díez.-- Exchange processes in two soils subjected to different organic treatments, C. Fortún and A. Fortún.-- Respuesta del trigo a las aplicaciones parciales de nitrogeno cultivado durante tres años bajo condiciones semiáridas, G. C. Laurent y M. A. Lazzari.-- Destino del 15N del fertilizante aplicado al trigo durante dos años consecutivos en condiciones semiáridas, M. A. Lazzari, G. C. Laurent y R. L. Victoria.-- Estudio con trazador sobre la disponibilidad del nitrógeno residual M. A. Lazzari, G. C. Laurent y R. L. Victoria.-- Factores condicionantes del encalado en los ultisoles del oeste de España, R. Espejo, E. Barragán, M. C. Díaz y J. Pérez.-- Influencia de la dosis de fosforo en la disolución de riego sobre cultivo de tomate en enarenado y condiciones salinas A. Masaguer, C. Cadahía, A. Saá y M. J. Sarro.-- Influencia del manganeso y diferentes temperaturas ambientales sobre el crecimiento y absorción de manganeso en soja (Glycine_ max (L.) Merr.) J. M. Romera y M. Gómez.-- Perfiles ecotoxicologicos: la necesidad de su realización, E. Laborda, F. A. Antón y L. M. Cuadra.-- Adsorción de carbendazima, cianazina y etirimol por suelos, G. Dios, E. Romero y F. Sánchez-Rasero.-- Micorrizas vesiculo-arbusculares en austrocedrus chilensis, S. Fontenla, M. Havrylenko y P. H. Rosso.-- Determinación de capacidad de cambio catiónico y cationes extraíbles con agtiourea en andosoles, C. D. Arbelo, M. Espino y J. M. Hernández-Moreno.-- Caracterization of the humic fraction from a solio municipal waste during composting, C. García, T. Hernández, F. Costa and A. Polo.-- Sulfato desorbffile con fosfato en andosoles, V. Cubas, C. D. Arbelo y M. Espino.-- Paleoprocesos edaficos en superficies pliocuaternarias del centro de España, J. Benayas, L. Alcalá del Olmo B., F. Monturiol y A. Guerra.-- Fraccionamiento de cobalto en suelos, M. J. Graña, M. T. Barral, F. E. Guitián y F. Guitián.-- Evolución de las poblaciones de heterodera avenae (nema toda) y su efecto en el desarrollo y rendimiento de trigo en rotación y monocultivo, Mª D. Romero, A. Valdeolivas, C. Lacasta y A. Duce.-- Efecfos restrictivos de la fertilidad del suelo sobre la distribución de Cytisus multif/orus (L'Her) Sweer, J. M. Gómez, P. Galindo, V. Martínez, y M. A. Pérez.-- Dinámica del sistema radicular de dos genotipos de tomate en invernadero en riego por goteo sometidos a estrés salino, J. M. Abrisqueta, A. Hernánsaez, J. J. Alarcón y M. A. Lozano.-- Distribución de sales en una secuencia de suelos costeros de la bahía blanca (argentina), H. R. Krüger y N. Peineman.-- Evaluación cinética de la desorción de bases en suelos con carga permanente y variable. comparación con el método de la pasta saturada, C. D. Arbelo, J. M. Hernández-Moreno y J. E. García.-- Análisis de la interacción luz-forma de nutrición nitrogenada en plantas de tomate, P. Zornoza, I. Sanz y O. Carpena.-- Respuesta de algunos suelos de Galicia al aporte de un ácido fuerte, M. M. Urrutia, E. García-Rodeja y F. Macías.-- Estudio de la efectividad de fertilización foliar de uva de mesa, variedad aledo con micronutrientes quelatados a través del diagnóstico foliar y pecio lar J. Navarro, J. Sánchez Andréu, J. Mataix y M. Juárez.-- Características de suelos bajo sabinares albares sobre material calizo, J. González y M. A. Candas.-- Eficacia de quelatos de fe en un sistema de riego por goteo, A. Gárate y J. J. Lucena.-- Variaciones de la fracción orgánica durante el compost aje de lodos de depuradoras, M. A. Díaz-Burgos y A. Polo.-- Formas de cobre, niquel y cinc en horizontes . superficiales de suelos, M. J. Graña, M. T. Barral, F. E. Guitián y F. Guitián.-- Índices de contaminación por metales pesados en suelos de cultivo intensivo: aplicacion en la comarca de l'hort a (Valencia), M. F. Errecalde, R. Boluda, M. J. Lagarda y R. Farré.-- Estudio estadístico de las propiedades fÍsico-quimicas de luvisoles desarrollados sobre materiales calizos en valencia (España), Mª D. Soriano, R. Boluda, V. Pons y J. Sánchez.-- Grado de uniformidad de los materiales en suelos con horizontes texturalmente contrastados, R. J. Ballesta, V. Cala y R. García.-- Geographic information systems and remote sensing in land resources anal ysis and mangement G. W. Petersen, G. A. Nielsen, and L. P. Wilding -- El laboreo de conservación como medida de control de la erosión, P. González, E. Fereres, J. V. Giráldez, Mª I. González de Quevedo y A. Laguna.-- Laboreo de conservación: tendencias y prioridades de investigación, J. L. Arrúe y. Mª V. López.-- Factores de escala en la medida de la erosión hídrica en suelos incendiados del nw de España, F. Díaz-Fierros, B. Soto, R. Pérez y E. Benito.-- Influencia de la cobertura vegetal y material original en las características del suelo. contribución a problemas de erosión J. Hernando, M. L. Palomar, M.T. de la Cruz y P. Jerez.-- La salinidad en el nuevo regadío de quinto (zaragoza), J. Herrero y A. Bercero.-- Translocaciones solidas en suelos con características sódicas en monegros- flumen (Huesca): procesos e implicaciones para el uso agrícola, J. Porta y R. Rodríguez-Ochoa.-- Degradacion física de los suelos de una zona de rañas de la provincia de Salamanca, F. lngelmo, S. Cuadrado, J. Hernández y A. lbáñez.-- Metales extraffiles (cu, co, ni, zn y mn) en materiales estériles de minas de lignito de Galicia, S. Seoane, Mª V. González, F. Gil, Mª C. Leirós y F. Guitián Ojea.-- Contenido y evolución del plomo total en los inceptisoles de la provincia de Valencia, Y. Pons.-- Influencia del aporte sucesivo de compost urbano sobre la disponibilidad de k de un suelo, J. M. Murillo, F. Cabrera, J. M. Hernández y M. Barroso.-- Posible catena potencial de suelos en las sierras de Orce y Maria, L. J. Alías y J. Martínez.-- Caracterización mineralógica y evolución de las microtexturas de los granos de cuarzo en los suelos desarrollados sobre materiales arenosos del litoral de Cádiz, L. Torcal, M. Nieves y V. Gómez-Miguel.-- Clases mineralógicas: la clase "medial” en suelos graníticos de Galicia, R. Romero, C. García y F. Macías.-- Características analíticas de un suelo podsolizado de alta montaña, J. González y A. M. Moreno.-- Estudio de perfiles de alteración en abanicos aluviales neogenos sobre el zócalo hercinico ibeerico R. Espejo, E. Molina y M. A. Vicente.-Transformaciones mineralógicas en suelos sobre formaciones tipo "raña'' M. T. García-González y F. J. Aragoneses.-- Morfología y génesis de las terrazas antiguas de la cuenca del río Gualchos (Granada), C. Sierra, A. Roca y J. Quirantes.-- Dinámica del hierro y aluminio en las terrazas del río Gualchos (Granada), A. Roca, C. Sierra, J. Quirantes y J. Aguilar.- Homogeneidad/heterogeneidad de los materiales fluviales de las terrazas de río Tormes, P. Alonso, C. Dorronsoro, M. I. González, M. P. García, J. A. Egido y J. M. García.-- Transformaciones y translocaciones del fosforo como indicadores del desarrollo del suelo, C. RoblesPeer reviewe

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society