Coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) trapping in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with artisan traps at el Paraíso, Guerrero, Mexico

Objective: Evaluate three proportions of alcohol in traps with one and three windows and two different colors to capture Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari in the Paradise, Guerrero. Design/methodology/approach: 3 mixtures of ethyl:methyl alcohol was evaluated in different proportions (1:0, 0:1 and 1:1), in addition, traps were used in green and transparent colors, designed with one and three windows. A complete factorial design was used, the distribution of treatments was done in complete blocks at random with four repetitions. The variables evaluated were the number of bits captured, water loss, evaporation of the attractant and percentage of damaged fruits. Evaluations were conducted in March–July 2007. Results: There were differences between the treatments (p <0.05). Mix with 1: 1 was the best treatment, recorded an average catch of 980 trap insects week-1. In water loss the traps with a window were better than those designed with three, they recorded an average loss of 1,129.79 mL. The transparent color in traps is more efficient to prevent water loss, recorded an average loss of 905 mL. Limitations on study/implications: The design and color of the trap do not influence the capture efficiency and evaporation of the attractant. Findings/conclusions: The use of handcrafted traps of transparent color, with a window and with ratio of 1:1 ethyl and methyl alcohol, are very efficient in the trap for the control of H. hampeiObjective: To evaluate three proportions of alcohol in traps with one and three windows and two different colors to capture Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari in Coffea arabica L. plants. Design/methodology/approach: The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a complete factorial arrangement and four replications. From March to July 2007, three mixtures of ethyl: methyl alcohol were evaluated in different proportions (1: 0, 0: 1 and 1: 1). In addition, green and transparent traps were used, designed with a single or three windows. The number of captured coffee berry borers, water loss, attractant evaporation and damaged fruits percentage was evaluated. The data were analyzed through an analysis of variance and a test of means differences (Tukey, p ? 0.05). Results: The mixture of ethyl: methyl alcohol 1: 1 was the best, with an average catch of 980 trapped - insects week-1. The single window of transparent color traps was the most efficient to avoid water loss, with an average loss of 1,129.79 mL and 905 mL respectively. Limitations on study/implications: The design and color of the traps did not influence the capture efficiency and the evaporation of the attractant during the evaluated months. Therefore, it should be further evaluated during other important phenological stages for the crop. Findings/conclusions: Transparent color traps with a window and 1: 1 ethyl: methyl alcohol were efficient for capturing H. hampei and lowering their population

Análisis de la relación de temperatura y humedad relativa con el brote del hongo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el comportamiento de la temperatura (T) y humedad relativa (HR) en diferentes zonas de una casa sombra de vainilla y su relación con el brote del Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (FOV). La casa sombra se ubica en Gutiérrez Zamora, Veracruz. Se analizó el comportamiento de T y HR del año 2010 a 2014. Basados en el nivel mensual de precipitaciones, se definieron periodos del año que pudieran favorecer los brotes del FOV. El análisis se apoyó en un conjunto de reglas construidas con información reportada en la literatura, las cuales determinan rangos de T y HR que favorecen los brotes del FOV. Los resultados mostraron que existen relaciones relevantes entre el comportamiento de la T y la HR, las diferentes zonas de la casa sombra y los brotes del FOV durante ciertos periodos del año. Dos de cuatro zonas, coincidieron con rangos de T y HR que favorecieron en mayor medida los brotes del FOV. Se concluye que debido a la orientación de la casa sombra con respecto a la trayectoria del sol y al hecho de estar instalada entre dos cerros, el comportamiento de T y HR en ciertas zonas de la casa sombra favorece el brote del FOV. Para mejorar el control de brotes del FOV, se propone usar sistemas de monitoreo del comportamiento de la T y HR en diferentes zonas de la casa sombra.The objective of this paper is to determine the behavior of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) in different areas of a vanilla shade house and its relation with the outbreak of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (FOV). The shadow house is located in Gutiérrez Zamora, Veracruz. The behavior of T and RH from 2010 to 2014 was analyzed. Based on the monthly precipitation level, periods of the year that could favor FOV outbreaks were defined. The analysis was based on a set of rules constructed with information reported in the literature, which determine the ranges of T and RH that favor FOV outbreaks. The results showed that there are relevant relationships between the behavior of T and RH, the different areas of the shadow house and the FOV outbreaks during certain periods of the year. Two of four zones coincided with ranges of T and RH that favored FOV outbreaks. It is concluded that due to the orientation of the shadow house with respect to the path of the sun and the fact of being installed between two hills, the behavior of T and RH in certain areas of the shadow house favored the outbreak of FOV. In order to improve control of FOV outbreaks, it is proposed to use T and RH behavior monitoring systems in different areas of the shadow house

Relación de la temperatura y humedad relativa con el brote del hongo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar el comportamiento de la temperatura (T) y humedad relativa (HR) en diferentes zonas de una casa sombra de vainilla y su relación con el brote del Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (FOV). La casa sombra se ubica en Gutiérrez Zamora, Veracruz. Se analizó el comportamiento de T y HR del año 2010 a 2014. Basados en el nivel mensual de precipitaciones, se definieron periodos del año que pudieran favorecer los brotes del FOV. El análisis se apoyó en un conjunto de reglas construidas con información reportada en la literatura, las cuales determinan rangos de T y HR que favorecen los brotes del FOV. Los resultados mostraron que existen relaciones relevantes entre el comportamiento de la T y la HR, las diferentes zonas de la casa sombra y los brotes del FOV durante ciertos periodos del año. Dos de cuatro zonas, coincidieron con rangos de T y HR que favorecieron en mayor medida los brotes del FOV. Se concluye que debido a la orientación de la casa sombra con respecto a la trayectoria del sol y al hecho de estar instalada entre dos cerros, el comportamiento de T y HR en ciertas zonas de la casa sombra favorece el brote del FOV. Para mejorarel control de brotes del FOV, se propone usar sistemas de monitoreo del comportamiento de la T y HR en diferentes zonas de la casa sombra

Seguridad alimentaria y producción de alimentos en la UAEM

El estado de Morelos, a pesar de contar con recursos para la producción de alimentos, importa más del 50% de productos agropecuarios, lo que representa un porcentaje alto. Por ello, instituciones como la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), ha propuesto el Programa de Producción de Alimentos, con el propósito de proporcionar la seguridad alimentaria. Para lograrlo, se busca la integración de tres ejes importantes: economía, sociedad y ambiente, a través de proyectos que difundan información sobre temas agropecuarios y la creación de laboratorios que amplían la línea de investigación y promueven la conservación del ambiente

Assessing the Environmental Quality Resulting from Damages to Human-Nature Interactions Caused by Population Increase: A Systems Thinking Approach

Multiple interactions between population increase-as driving force- and pressure factors can cause damage to human-nature interactions. In this paper, we aim to identify, understand, and assess those interactions that exert effects on environment quality. The assessments of multiple interactions will allow selecting management actions to reduce negative effects, such as the loss of vegetation cover, on the environment. However, multiple interactions hinder the understanding of such complex systems. The relevance of this study is related to the support of the systems thinking approach to achieve two objectives: (1) to build a conceptual framework that facilitates the construction of a network aimed at representing the multiple interactions; (2) to build a closed system for the sake of developing a sustainable environmental management system. Thus, the performance of the implemented management actions is assessed through the feedback loop of the closed system. The proposed conceptual framework and the closed system were applied to the state of Morelos, Mexico. We highlight the following results: the systems thinking approach facilitated the construction of a conceptual framework to build understandable causal network; a set of environmental pathways were derived from the causal network and then combined to define and assess a global environmental state. Environmental pathways are composed of relationships between population increase and pressure variables that exert effects on the environment quality; the feedback loop facilitated the performance analysis of implemented management actions related to natural protected areas. The current results suggest further research to apply this study to diverse systems where multiple interactions between drivers and pressure factors damage human-nature interactions, thus exerting effects on the environmental state

Crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de fresa por efecto del régimen nutrimental

The objective of the research was to determine the nutritional regime that favors the growth, yieldand physical and biochemical quality of strawberries produced in hydroponics under plastic cover. In 2017, an experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, in which 27 nutritional regimes made up of the combination of variations in the concentration of NO-3in the vegetative phase (10, 12 and 14 meqL-1), H2PO4-in the reproductive phase (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 meqL-1) and K+in the fruiting phase (5, 7 and 9 meqL-1)were evaluated.Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized experimental block design with four replications per treatment. The experimental unit was a black polyethylene container (15.14 L), with red tezontle as substrate and a strawberry plant. The results indicated that strawberry plants produced in hydroponics with nutritional regimen showed a significantly different response in the relative content of chlorophyll, leaf area, dry biomass of leaves, flower diameter, length and equatorial diameter of the fruit, average weight of the fruit, yield. per plant and concentration of total soluble solids in fruit, depending on the concentrations of NO3-:H2PO4-:K+, in the vegetative, reproductive and fruiting phases, respectively. The nutritional regime of 10 meq L-1of NO3-in the vegetative phase, 1 meq L-1of H2PO4-in the reproductive phase and 7 meq L-1of K+in fruiting, is recommended for producing strawberry in hydroponics because it increased significantly the diameter of the fruit and the yield per plantEl objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el régimen nutrimental que favorece el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad física y bioquímica de fresa producida en hidroponía bajo cubierta plástica. En 2017 se realizó un experimento en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, en el que se evaluaron 27 regímenes nutrimentales conformados por la combinación de variaciones de la concentración de NO-3 en la fase vegetativa (10, 12 y 14 meq L-1), H2PO4- en la fase reproductiva (0.75, 1 y 1.25 meq L-1) y K+ en la fase de fructificación (5, 7 y 9 meq L-1). Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. La unidad experimental fue un contenedor de polietileno negro (15.14 L), con tezontle rojo como sustrato y una planta de fresa. Los resultados indicaron que las plantas de fresa producidas en hidroponía con régimen nutrimental manifestaron respuesta significativamente diferente en el contenido relativo de clorofila, área foliar, biomasa seca de hojas, diámetro de flor, longitud y diámetro ecuatorial del fruto, peso promedio del fruto, rendimiento por planta y concentración de sólidos solubles totales en fruto, en función de las concentraciones de NO3-:H2PO4-:K+, en las fases vegetativa, reproductiva y de fructificación, respectivamente. El régimen nutrimental de 10 meq L-1 de NO3- en la fase vegetativa, 1 meq L-1 de H2PO4- en la reproductiva y 7 meq L-1 de K+ en fructificación, es el recomendable para producir fresa en hidroponía porque incrementó de forma significativa el diámetro del fruto y el rendimiento por planta

Rendimiento y calidad del chile habanero en respuesta a la poda de conducción y régimen nutrimental

El chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) se produce tradicionalmente en suelo y a cielo abierto, por lo que información de su cultivo hidropónico en condiciones de invernadero es escasa, sobre todo en lo referente a la conducción de la planta y nutrición. Por tal motivo, en un invernadero del campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, se llevó a cabo un experimento en sistema hidropónico con la finalidad de evaluar el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de frutos del chile habanero en respuesta a la poda de conducción (2, 3, 4 tallos por planta y sin poda) y el régimen nutrimental [RN1: solución nutritiva universal (Steiner, 1984) suministrada durante todo el ciclo de cultivo; RN2: solución nutritiva específica para cada etapa fenológica del chile habanero (López-Gómez et al., 2017)]. Se tuvieron ocho tratamientos, cada uno con cuatro repeticiones, distribuidos en diseño experimental completamente al azar. La unidad experimental fueron tres plantas, colocadas cada una en un contenedor de polietileno negro con capacidad para 15.14 L, con grava de tezontle rojo como sustrato. El suministro de las soluciones nutritivas se realizó con el sistema de riego por goteo. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN2’ incrementó 29.5% y 35.5% la biomasa seca y número de frutos respectivamente, en comparación con las plantas del tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN1’. El rendimiento fue de 616.9 g planta en seis cortes de fruto con el tratamiento ‘sin poda-RN2’, 22.8% superior al obtenido del tratamiento ‘4 tallos-RN2’. Por efecto de la poda de conducción (2, 3 y 4 tallos) se incrementó el tamaño de los frutos.Habanero chili is traditionally produced in soil and in the opensky, so that information on its hydroponic cultivation in greenhouse conditions is scarce, especially with regard to plant management and nutrition. For this reason, in a greenhouse of the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, an experiment was carried out in the hydroponic system in order to evaluate the growth, yield and quality of fruits of the habanero chilliin response to conduction pruning (2, 3, 4 stems per plant and without pruning) and the nutritional regime [RN1: universal nutrient solution (Steiner, 1984) supplied throughout the crop cycle; RN2: specific nutrient solution for each phenological stage of habanero chilli(López-Gómez et al., 2017)]. There were eight treatments, each with four repetitions, distributed in experimental design completely random. The experimental unit was three plants, each placed in a black polyethylene container with a capacity for 15.14 L, with red tezontle gravel as a substrate. The nutritional solutions were supplied with the drip irrigation system. The results indicated that the treatment ‘without pruning-RN2’ increased 29.5% and 35.5% dry biomass and number of fruits respectively, compared to thetreatment plants ‘without pruning-RN1’. The yield was 616.9 g plant in six fruit cuts with the treatment ‘without pruning-RN2’, 22.8% higher than the one obtained from the treatment ‘4 stems-RN2’. By effect of the pruning of conduction (2, 3 and 4 stems) the size of the fruits was increased

A CBR–AHP Hybrid Method to Support the Decision-Making Process in the Selection of Environmental Management Actions

This paper proposes a hybrid method integrating case-based reasoning (CBR) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods to reinforce the sustainable performance of an environmental management system. The CBR–AHP method aims to support the decision-making process to select environmental management actions (EMAs) aimed at reducing risky trends of the environmental state of a region. The CBR methods takes advantage of a set of situation–solution pairs called cases, which are stored in a memory and then retrieved as candidates to solve new problems. Situations in this work are represented by a set of risky trends of key environmental pathways (KEPs) related to CO2 emissions, air quality, loss of vegetation cover, water availability, and solid waste, the combination of which damage the environmental state quality of a region. Meanwhile, solutions are represented by a set of EMAs. Similar situations to a given current situation are retrieved from the memory of cases, and then their solutions are combined through an adaptation mechanism, until the solution of the current problem is obtained. The AHP method is used to assign weights to environmental variables and to alternative solutions represented by EMAs. We used risky trends derived from real data related to the environmental states of a Mexican region to test the proposed CBR–AHP hybrid method. The results obtained provided insights into the potential of the CBR–AHP hybrid method to support the decision-making process to select EMAs aimed at reducing risky trends of current environmental states

Rendimiento y calidad del chile habanero ("Capsicum chinense" Jacq.) por efecto del régimen nutrimental

With the purpose of evaluating the effect of ten nutritional regimes in habanero chili cultivated in a hydroponic system under plastic cover, in 2015 a study was carried out from April to September in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos. The treatments consisted of three nitrate concentrations in the vegetative stage (10, 12 and 14 me L -1 ), each with three nitrate:phosphate:sulfate ratios in the flowering stage (14:1.25:4.75, 12:1:7 and 14:1.25:4.75 me L -1 ) and with three nitrate/potassium ratios in the fruiting stage (14:5, 14:5 and 12:7 me L -1 ). The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with ten replicates each. The supply of the nutritive solutions was by drip irrigation, with a flow rate of 8 Lh -1 . Eight irrigations were applied daily, with a time of 1 min irrigation -1 at the beginning of the crop development and up to 4 min irrigation -1 at the fruiting stage. The experimental unit was a black polyethylene container with a capacity of 15.14 L, with red tezontle gravel as a substrate and a plant. The results indicated that, due to the nutritive regime of 14 m L -1 of NO 3 - (vegetative stage), 14: 1.25:4.75 m L -1 of NO 3 - :H 2 PO 4 - :SO 4 2- (flowering stage) and 14:5 me L -1 de NO 3 - :K + (fruiting stage), there was an increase in the number of flowers/plant, number of fruits/plant and yield, which was 1054 g plant -1 in six fruit sections, 33% higher than the yield obtained from the plants they are fed with Steiner solution during the whole crop cycle, while the accumulation of dry matter was also higher by 20.3%. Palabras clave: Flowering, fructification, phenology, nutrient solution, vegetative stage.Con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de diez regímenes nutrimentales en chile habanero cultivado en un sistema hidropónico bajo cubierta plástica, en 2015 se realizó un estudio de abril a septiembre en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres concentraciones de nitrato en la etapa vegetativa (10, 12 y 14 me L -1 ), combinadas cada una con tres relaciones de nitrato:fosfato:sulfato en la etapa de floración (14:1.25:4.75, 12:1:7 y 14:1.25:4.75 me L -1 ) y con tres relaciones nitrato/potasio en la etapa de fructificación (14:5, 14:5 y 12:7 me L -1 ). Los tratamientos se distribuyeron en un diseño completamente al azar con diez repeticiones cada uno. El suministro de las soluciones nutritivas fue mediante riego por goteo, con caudal de 8 L h -1 . Se aplicaron 8 riegos diarios, con un tiempo de 1 min riego -1 al inicio del desarrollo del cultivo y hasta 4 min riego -1 en la etapa de fructificación. La unidad experimental fue un contenedor de polietileno negro con capacidad para 15.14 L, con grava de tezontle rojo como sustrato y una planta. Los resultados indicaron que por efecto del régimen nutrimental de 14 me L -1 de NO 3 - (etapa vegetativa), 14:1.25:4.75 me L -1 de NO 3 - :H 2 PO 4 - :SO 4 2- (etapa de floración) y 14:5 me L -1 de NO 3 - :K + (etapa de fructificación), hubo un incremento en el número de flores/planta, número de frutos/planta y rendimiento, el cual fue de 1054 g planta -1 en seis cortes de fruto, 33% superior al rendimiento obtenido de las plantas que se nutren con solución Steiner durante todo el ciclo de cultivo, mientras que la acumulación de materia seca también fue superior 20.3%. Palabras clave: Etapa vegetativa, fenología, floración, fructi ficación, solución nutritiva

Nutrición mineral del chilhuacle en tres etapas fenológicas

El chilhuacle (Capsicum annuumL.)es uno de los chiles más populares en Oaxaca. Sin embargo, se desconoce el manejo y la poscosecha de los frutos afecta directamente el rendimiento y la calidad del fruto. Con la finalidad de evaluar diferentes soluciones nutritivas para cada etapa fenológica, se establecieron tres experimentos en el campo experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. En la etapa vegetativa se evaluaron tres concentraciones de NO3-, en la etapa reproductivanueve relaciones NO3-:H2PO4-:SO42-, y en la etapa de fructificación nueve relaciones NO3-:K+.Los tratamientos fueron distribuidos en un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones y una planta por unidad experimental en contenedores depolietileno negro (15.14 L), un sistema de siembra tresbolillo (50 cm etapa vegetativa y 75 cm en la etapa reproductiva y fructificación), sistema de riego por goteo y grava de tezontle rojo como sustrato. Los resultados indicaron que las soluciones nutritivas produjeronsignificancia en la altura, diámetro de tallo, volumen de raíz, materia seca de talloy planta completa14 meq L-1de NO3-en la etapa vegetativa;redujo el aborto floral e incrementó el número de botones por plantacon 10:0.75:9.25 meq L-1de NO3-:H2PO4-:SO42-durante la etapa reproductiva yen fruto, la relación 14:9 meqL-1de NO3-:K+favoreció al incrementar significativamente e ldiámetro ecuatorial, peso de materia fresca y secade frutoChilhuacle (Capsicum annuumL.) is one of the most popular chili peppers in Oaxaca. However, the handling and postharvest of the fruitsis unknow, this directly affects the yield and quality of the fruit. In order to evaluate different nutrient solutions for each phenological stage, three experiments were established in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos. Threeconcentrations of NO3-were evaluatedin the vegetative stage, nine NO3-:H2PO4-:SO42-rations in the reproductive stage, and nine NO3-:K+ratios in the fruiting stage. The treatments were distributed in acompletely randomizedblock design with five repetitions and one plant per experimental unit in black polyethylene containers (15.14 L),in atriangular planting system (50 cm vegetative stage and 75 cm in the reproductive and fruiting stage), drip irrigation system and red tezontle gravel as substrate. The results indicated that the nutrient solutions produced significance in height, stem diameter,root volume, dry matter of stem and of whole plant 14meq L-1of NO3-in the vegetative stage; reduced flowerabortion and increased the number of buds per plant with 10:0.75:9.25 meq L-1of NO3-:H2PO4-:SO42-during the reproductive stage and in fruit, the ratio14:9 meq L-1of NO3-:K+favored by significantly increasing the equatorial diameter, weight of fresh and dry matter of frui