Chemical Composition of the Rocky River Near Cleveland, Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geological Sciences, Cleveland State UniversityOn 29 and 30 October 1978, 44 water samples were collected from the Rocky River and selected tributaries. We investigated the distribution of K, Na, Ca and Sr with respect to location along the river and found that the Lower Rocky River has the highest average concentrations of K, Na and Ca, compared to the East Branch and West Branch, a finding probably attributable to cultural inputs from waste water and industrial dumps. The higher average concentrations of K, Na and Ca in the West Branch relative to the East Branch of the Rocky River may be caused by the agricultural and industrial input. The sharp drop of element concentrations near the mouth of the Rocky River may be the result or mixing of lake water with the river water. The average concentrations of K, Na, Ca and Sr found in the Lower Rocky River were 7.4, 62.0, 59.0, and 0.15 ppm, respectively. These values are comparable with those of the Lower Cuyahoga River but are considerably higher than those reported for the midlake water of Lake Erie

A complex of α(6) integrin and E-cadherin drives liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells through hepatic angiopoietin-like 6.

Homing of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to the liver is a non-random process driven by a crosstalk between tumour cells and components of the host tissue. Here we report the isolation of a liver metastasis-specific peptide ligand (CGIYRLRSC) that binds a complex of E-cadherin and α(6) integrin on the surface of CRC cells. We identify angiopoietin-like 6 protein as a peptide-mimicked natural ligand enriched in hepatic blood vessels of CRC patients. We demonstrate that an interaction between hepatic angiopoietin-like 6 and tumoural α(6) integrin/E-cadherin drives liver homing and colonization by CRC cells, and that CGIYRLRSC inhibits liver metastasis through interference with this ligand/receptor system. Our results indicate a mechanism for metastasis whereby a soluble factor accumulated in normal vessels functions as a specific ligand for circulating cancer cells. Consistently, we show that high amounts of coexpressed α(6) integrin and E-cadherin in primary tumours represent a poor prognostic factor for patients with advanced CRC

Efficacy and tolerability of multiple drug therapy in HIV-infected children

Objectives To characterize the efficacy and tolerability of multiple drug therapy (MDT) among heavily pre-treated HIV-infected children. Methods An observational study of seven children treated with 4\u20137 antiretroviral agents. MDT regimens were chosen with regard to past antiretroviral exposure and genotypic resistance data. Five children received MDT once, one child twice and one child four times. All patients had AIDS and severe CD4+ depletion and failed >2 PI-based HAART regimens. Results Virologic response, defined as a 65log10 decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA at week 24, was achieved in 7/11 MDT. Successful MDT kept a sustained viral suppression (<50 copies/ml) at longest follow-up (72\u201396 weeks). Successful MDT obtained a great immune recovery: the median rise in absolute and percentage of CD4+ cells was 261 and 4 at week 24 and it reached 480 and 16 at 72\u201396 weeks. Adverse events were common but generally manageable. Mild/moderate gastrointestinal complaints and laboratory abnormalities were detected in 5/11 and 8/11 MDT. Grade 2 severity pancreatitis occurred in one case with chronic active hepatitis C. Pancreatitis resolved within 30 days of MDT interruption. Conclusions MDT may be a therapeutic option in children who failed to respond to most standard HAART regimens

A complex of &#945;6 integrin and E-cadherin drives the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer cells by a physical and functional interaction with hepatic angiopoietin-like 6

Homing of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to the liver is a non-random process driven by a crosstalk between tumour cells and components of the host tissue. Here we report the isolation of a liver metastasis-specific peptide ligand (CGIYRLRSC) that binds a complex of E-cadherin and α(6) integrin on the surface of CRC cells. We identify angiopoietin-like 6 protein as a peptide-mimicked natural ligand enriched in hepatic blood vessels of CRC patients. We demonstrate that an interaction between hepatic angiopoietin-like 6 and tumoural α(6) integrin/E-cadherin drives liver homing and colonization by CRC cells, and that CGIYRLRSC inhibits liver metastasis through interference with this ligand/receptor system. Our results indicate a mechanism for metastasis whereby a soluble factor accumulated in normal vessels functions as a specific ligand for circulating cancer cells. Consistently, we show that high amounts of coexpressed α(6) integrin and E-cadherin in primary tumours represent a poor prognostic factor for patients with advanced CRC